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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Maternal smoking and tooth formation in the foetus. II. Tooth crown size in the permanent dentition.

Altogether 2159 pregnancies among black and white Americans in the Collaborative Perinatal Study and dental casts from their children at the age of 6-12 years were studied to determine the effect of maternal smoking on permanent tooth crown dimensions. A trend of reduction, similar to that observed in the deciduous second molars, was found in the permanent first molars and also in the mesio-distal dimension of permanent incisors in relation to sex and race of the children and smoking habits of the mother. In terms of peak in their mitotic growth, the results can be interpreted to indicate a sensitive period of intra uterine development from the 24th to 28th gestational weeks. Comparisons of postnatal body size and differential correlation patterns in affected tooth dimensions with early postnatal body and head size between smokers and non-smokers, suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy may have an effect on basic growth of the head and body and/or the developmental process that impacts tooth development at some specific sensitive period also during the postnatal formation of these tooth crowns.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An innovative approach to chairside provisional replacement of an extracted anterior tooth: use of fiber-reinforced ribbon-composites and a natural tooth.

Immediate chairside replacement of an extracted anterior tooth may contribute to a patient's comfort, treatment acceptance, and expectations of treatment; however, fabrication of a custom restoration in the anterior region of the mouth may result in an esthetic compromise for patients during the fabrication period. Chairside tooth replacement is an excellent application of fiber-reinforced composite resin technology. This article presents an innovative, affordable chairside procedure in which Ribbond Multi-Purpose Bondable Reinforcement Ribbon is used to replace a single extracted anterior tooth using the patient's own tooth.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Single-tooth implant treatment in the anterior region of the maxilla for treatment of tooth loss after trauma: a retrospective clinical and interview study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of single-tooth implant treatment in patients where teeth have been lost as a result of trauma. Also, the patients' and professionals' opinions regarding the final outcome of treatment were assessed. Thirty-four patients with 42 lost teeth were evaluated by clinical and radiographic examinations and interviews 2-5 years after treatment. A professional who had not taken part in the treatment evaluated the implant crowns. Central maxillary incisors were the most frequently lost and replaced teeth after trauma (75%) followed by lateral incisors (21%). In patients with incomplete growth, implant treatment was generally postponed until completion of growth. Lack of space was treated by presurgical orthodontics (7%) or by selecting an implant with a reduced diameter (5%). Deficiency of bone was seen in 17% and was treated by bone grafting or local augmentation prior to implant surgery. Patients who had lost two or more teeth after trauma were all subjected to bone grafting. Preservation of roots in the alveolar process seemed to maintain the bone volume enabling better conditions for later implant placement. Forty-one implants (97.6%) were integrated successfully. Complications were few and of minor importance (9.5% before and 12% after cementation of crowns) and could all be managed. No or minimal bone loss was seen. In general, the patients felt that they received good care and that they were well informed about their treatment. Some patients reported that the local anesthesia procedure was not pain-free, but 71% of the patients experienced the treatment as pain-free. For each of the variables (color, shape, height, and size of the crowns), the highest degree of satisfaction was noted in 93-98% of the patients and 91-95% of the single evaluating professional. Given that the patients have finished growth and a careful treatment planning and timing are performed, the functional and esthetical outcome of single-tooth implant treatment today is excellent and can be recommended for replacing tooth losses after trauma in the anterior region of the maxilla.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The relative importance of reasons for tooth extraction in terms of potential tooth years of life lost (PYLL).

The aim of the present study was to introduce the potential tooth years of life lost (PYLL) approach to the analysis of data showing the incidence of tooth extraction according to the reason for extraction and to illustrate its use. Six sets of data from prospective nationwide questionnaire surveys of patients treated by systematic random samples of dentists in five European countries were translated into PYLL. Response rates ranged from 25 to 81 per cent and the number of extracted teeth from 959 to 29,397, according to the study. PYLL in Norway 1988 was calculated using the ages of 85 and 80 as cut-off points, or the average sex-specific remaining life expectancy at the age of extraction; otherwise the age of 85 was used. Mean PYLL for all reasons varied from 40.6 to 46.3 years for Norway in 1988 depending on the cut-off point used. For patients aged 21 and older PYLL85 ranged from 35.7 years for France in 1984 to 42.3 years for Sweden in 1959-61. Employing PYLL changed the rank order of the reasons for extraction based on the number of extracted teeth in some instances. It combined the two dimensions 'incidence of 'potential years of tooth function lost' into a continuous quantitative variable which was easy to understand and simple to handle analytically.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of tooth temperature on activities of slowly adapting periodontal mechanoreceptors during or after long-lasting strong pressure applied to the cat upper canine tooth.

Periodontal mechanosensitive units (PM units) responsive to mechanical stimulation of this tooth were recorded from single fibres isolated from the superior alveolar nerve. Mechanical stimulation was applied in a sequence of long-lasting strong pressure followed by a train of weak stimuli. Temperature was changed by perfusing the pulpal cavity of the stimulated tooth with saline solution at a temperature of 5-45 degrees C. The response of the PM units elicited by strong pressure was initially dynamic and subsequently static. The dynamic response was little affected by tooth temperature whereas, the static response increased with the rise in temperature. After strong pressure the excitability of the PM units was depressed transiently, followed by gradual recovery; this depression was especially prominent when tooth temperature was high.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of tooth fracture by medium energy CO2 laser and DP-bioactive glass paste: thermal behavior and phase transformation of human tooth enamel and dentin after irradiation by CO2 laser.

Acute trauma or trauma associated with occlusal disharmony can produce tooth crack or fracture. Although several methods are proposed to treat the defect, however, the prognosis is generally poor. If the fusion of a tooth fracture by laser is possible it will offer an alternative to extraction or at least serve as an adjunctive treatment in the reconstruction. The responses of soft tissues to lasers of different wavelengths are fairly well known, but the reactions of hard tissues are still to be understood. The purpose of this research was to study the feasibility of using a medium energy continuous-wave CO(2) laser and a low melting-point bioactive glass to fuse or bridge tooth fractures. The present report is focused on the first part of the research, the analysis of changes in laser-irradiated human tooth enamel/dentin by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transforming infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After CO(2) laser irradiation, there were no marked changes in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the enamel when compared to that before laser treatment. However, a small peak belonging to alpha-TCP appeared at the position of 2theta=30.78 degrees C. After being treated with CO(2) laser, the dentin showed much sharper peaks on the diffraction patterns because of grain growth and better crystallinity. alpha-TCP and beta-TCP were identified after laser treatment. In the FTIR analysis, an HPO(4)(-2) absorption band was noted before laser treatment disappeared after the irradiation. No significant change in the absorption band of HPO(4)(-2) was found on the FTIR curves of enamel after laser treatment. The results of DTA/TGA indicated that loss of water and organic materials occurred in both enamel and dentin after laser treatment. Under SEM, melting and resolidification occurred in both enamel and dentin by medium energy of CO(2) laser. This implies that using a continuous-wave CO(2) laser of medium energy density to fuse a low melting-point bioactive glass to the enamel/dentin is possible. We believe these phase changes and thermal data can make a useful guide for future studies on the thermal interaction and bridging mechanism between the bioactive glass and enamel/dentin under CO(2) laser irradiation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Third order tooth movements with straight wire appliances. Influence of vestibular tooth crown morphology in the vertical plane.

1. The labial surface in the vertical plane was investigated in 3 sections: center, mesial, and distal edge of an ideally positioned bracket. The material consisted of 28 casts taken from 14 female and male individuals with a mean age of 26.8 years. 2. After trimming each cast, the resulting surface was photocopied, enlarged 8 times, then digitized under a 2.0 mm grid (corresponding to 0.25 mm of the original size). 3. Using a statistical computer program, mean curves including standard deviations and non-linear regression curves were calculated from the individual data. In accordance with their anatomy 3 groups of teeth were formed in each jaw: front teeth, premolars, and molars. The curves, including the comparison of the squared regression curves, provide an accurate mathematical description of the labial tooth crown in the above-stated sections. 4. The angle differentials between a reference tangent and 20 other tangents were calculated. From a practical standpoint, information is obtained on the extent to which the torque of a tooth would be changed if a bracket was to be positioned vertically (in 0.5 mm increments) from its ideal position. These changes of torque fluctuate on average between 1.3 degrees (mandibular front teeth) and 3.3 degrees (mandibular molars) for every 0.5 mm of vertical deviation. 5. The calculated comparisons of the curves permitted the construction of bracket bases filling-at least in the vertical dimension-the tooth surface most accurately in the "optimal" position.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Lead in teeth: the influence of the tooth type and the sample within a tooth on lead levels.

Different sections of permanent teeth have been sampled and the lead levels estimated using carbon furnace AAS. Very high levels of lead (500-3400 micrograms g-1) and other trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe and Zn) occur on the surface of the teeth, falling off rapidly a few micrometers into the teeth. Lead levels in the bulk enamel of incisors vary depending on the position within the tooth, the highest values occur on the lingual side near the gums and the lowest levels on the labial side near the tooth top. The ratio of the concentration of lead in enamel to dentine and to circumpulpal dentine was found to be 1:2:6, and within the dentine the lead levels were highest in the root dentine. The root dentine in the permanent teeth of eight, near complete or representative, sets of teeth was analysed for lead. The ratio ([Pb]tooth/[Pb]total set) decreased in the order: first molars greater than central incisors greater than lateral incisors greater than canines greater than premolars greater than second molars greater than third molars. This order inversely correlates with the age of formation or eruption of the teeth, i.e. the older teeth have the highest levels of lead in the dentine. Dentine appears to be the best material to use to estimate lead, particularly in relation to the integrated lead intake of a person. Dentine lead was determined in a small sample of deciduous teeth obtained from children living in rural areas. The levels were found to be slightly less than for children living in new housing urban areas and significantly less than for children living in older houses of urban areas.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2006

Inhibition of apoptosis in early tooth development alters tooth shape and size.

Apoptosis plays important roles in various stages of organogenesis. In this study, we hypothesized that apoptosis would play an important role in tooth morphogenesis. We examined the role of apoptosis in early tooth development by using a caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, concomitant with in vitro organ culture and tooth germ transplantation into the kidney capsule. Inhibition of apoptosis at the early cap stage did not disrupt the cell proliferation level when compared with controls. However, the macroscopic morphology of mice molar teeth exhibited dramatic alterations after the inhibition of apoptosis. Crown height was reduced, and mesiodistal diameter was increased in a concentration-dependent manner with z-VAD-fmk treatment. Overall, apoptosis in the enamel knot would be necessary for the proper formation of molar teeth, including appropriate shape and size.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones↗
PubMed2004

The activation level of the TNF family receptor, Edar, determines cusp number and tooth number during tooth development.

Mutations in members of the ectodysplasin (TNF-related) signalling pathway, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD in mice and humans produce an ectodermal dysplasia phenotype that includes missing teeth and smaller teeth with reduced cusps. Using the keratin 14 promoter to target expression of an activated form of Edar in transgenic mice, we show that expression of this transgene is able to rescue the tooth phenotype in Tabby (Eda) and Sleek (Edar) mutant mice. High levels of expression of the transgene in wild-type mice result in molar teeth with extra cusps, and in some cases supernumerary teeth, the opposite of the mutant phenotype. The level of activation of Edar thus determines cusp number and tooth number during tooth development.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A case of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease mimicking Friedreich's ataxia: is there any association between friedreich's ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

The authors report a case of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease that mimicked Friedreich's ataxia and featured impaired tendon reflexes in the limbs, incoordination mimicking cerebellar disease in the extremities, extensor plantar responses on both sides, bilateral foot deformity, imparied position sense in the toes, absent vibratory sense in the distal parts of the legs and minimal distal weakness with wasting. Motor conduction velocity in the upper limbs was substantially reduced. Other cases similar in nature reported in the literature resemble spino-cerebellar degeneration in general, and Friedreich's ataxia, in particular. It is emphasized that the natural history, EMG, motor conduction velocity studies and examination of other affected members of the family permit the correct diagnosis to be made in such cases. It is also emphasized that patients similar to the one reported here may also resemble, and should be differentiated from, cases of familial dorsal column ataxia (Biemond type). Stress is put upon the fact that when Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease mimicks spino-cerebellar degeneration, substantial slowing of motor conduction in the upper limbs is generally sufficient to establish the diagnosis. The relation between Friedreich's ataxia an Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is reviewed and it is concluded that these two disorders are distinct clinical and pathological entities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between occlusal tooth contact patterns and tightness of proximal tooth contact.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occlusal tooth contact patterns and the tightness of proximal tooth contact (TPTC) during clenching. Twenty young adult volunteers with healthy dentition participated in the study. TPTC between the left second premolar (P2) and the first molar (M1) was measured during clenching at the 50% maximum voluntary contraction level in the intercuspal position (ICP). A silicone impression material was used to make an interocclusal record at the ICP in each subject, and interocclusal records were analysed using an image-processing system. Subjects were classified according to the presence or absence of each type (A, B or C) of occlusal contact. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The results of this study exhibited a relationship between B-type contact and the TPTC of maxillary teeth. The experimental group with a lack of B-type contact on maxillary P2 and/or M1 showed a statistically greater TPTC than the group with B-type contact on both of these teeth (P < 0.01). These results suggest that occlusal tooth contact patterns have an influence on TPTC during clenching.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Tooth retention, tooth loss and use of dental care among long-term narcotics abusers.

This study examined tooth retention, tooth loss and use of dental care among aging male narcotics abusers being followed-up for more than 33 years. The cohort of 581 male narcotics addicts admitted to California Civil Addict Program in 1962-1964 was tracked until 1996-1997. As of 1997, 284 (48.9%) were confirmed to be dead. A total of 108 surviving participants completed the oral examination and survey of use of dental services. African American addicts showed the least number of remaining teeth; and African Americans and Hispanics were less likely to utilize dental services compare to Whites. Factors significantly related to tooth retention were abusers' age (p = 0.0006), ethnicity (p = 0.01), income (p < 0.0001), smoking status (p = 0.03), and dental visits during the 12 months prior to the survey (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that settings such as prisons and drug treatment programs that include dental care referral and follow-up would be expected to enhance oral and general health among narcotics-addicted individuals.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Continuous evaluation of muscle activity with occlusal tooth contacts part II. Nocturnal tooth contacts and muscle activity].

In order to evaluate the relationship between the mandibular position and the muscle activity during bruxism, an originally-designed device for detecting tooth contacts in eccentric jaw positions in addition to the intercuspal position was applied to 7 subjects and electromyography was carried out stimultaneously. Nocturnal bruxing patterns such as lateral grinding, clenching in the intercuspal position or eccentric jaw position were clearly distinguished by using this system. In one of 3 subjects who were not aware of bruxism, both the duration and the frequency of the muscle activity were significantly higher than those of other subjects. This suggests that some persons with bruxism who are unaware of it actually grind or clench their teeth during sleep. Tooth contacts during sleep were classified into 6 patterns according to jaw position. In the IP pattern, both regular and irregular EMG patterns were observed without any lateral movement of the mandible. Furthermore, each subject had the mandibular position on the preference side during tooth contacts and the EMG activity of the anterior temporal muscle on the preference side during the IP pattern was higher than that on the opposite side. This system enabled detailed evaluation of bruxism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of in-office tooth whiteners on hardness of tooth-colored restoratives.

This study investigated the effects of in-office tooth whiteners on the hardness of hybrid (Spectrum TPH), polyacid-modified (Dyract AP), PRG (Reactmer) composites and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC). Twenty-seven specimens of each material were fabricated, randomly divided into three groups of nine and treated as follows--Group 1: stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for three weeks (control); Group 2: treated with carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Quick) for 30 minutes/week for three weeks; Group 3: treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide power bleach (Opalescence Xtra) for 30 minutes/week for three weeks. For Groups 2 and 3, specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C during the hiatus periods. The treated specimens were subsequently subjected to microhardness testing (load = 500gf; dwell time = 15 seconds). Results were analyzed using ANOVA/Scheffe's test (p<0.05). For all treatment groups, Spectrum was significantly harder than the other materials and Reactmer was significantly harder than Dyract and Fuji II LC. The effects of in-office tooth whiteners on microhardness were material-dependent. No significant difference in hardness was observed between treatment groups for Dyract and Reactmer. For Spectrum and Fuji II LC, specimens treated with Opalescence Quick were significantly harder than those treated with Opalescence Xtra. No significant difference in hardness was observed between the control and bleached groups for all materials. The hardness of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, hybrid, polyacid-modified and PRG composites is therefore not significantly affected by the use of 35% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office tooth whiteners.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2007

Concrescence of teeth: cemental union between the crown of an impacted tooth and the roots of an erupted tooth.

Concrescence of teeth is a condition showing a union of adjacent teeth by only cementum. In all the previously reported cases, the union has been observed between the roots of the affected teeth. Here, we describe the first case that showed a concrescence of the crown of an impacted tooth and the roots of the erupted tooth. In addition, we discuss how this condition, especially the deposition of acellular cementum on the crown, occurred.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eruption of tooth-like structure following the exfoliation of natal tooth: report of case.

Natal teeth, defined as those that are the mouth at birth, are rare: one case in 2,000 to 3,500 births. In this case, that of a nine-month-old Japanese boy, it is reasonable to infer that the tooth-like structure, described as a hard-tissue conglomerate with a bone-like appearance, originated in the remnant of the dental papilla and Hertwig's sheath of the natal tooth. Both dentin and root formation were thereby induced.

Dental Enamel Hypoplasia↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of transganglionic degeneration in brain stem trigeminal nuclei during normal primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption in the cat.

Electron microscopy is used to study changes in the axons and terminals in the cat brain stem trigeminal nuclei, main sensory, and partes interpolaris and caudalis, during the process of natural tooth shedding. Areas previously showing light optical argyrophilic degeneration products and adjacent areas lacking this degeneration are included. Various types of alteration occur early during tooth loss, including increased presumed glycogen, increased cytoplasmic density, flocculence, lucency, and neurofilamentous hyperplasia. By the stage of maximum exfoliation, terminals and axons of marked density become prominent in areas showing argyrophilia, whereas nondense forms occur elsewhere. By late eruption ages, all forms of degenerated terminals and axons are rare, but phagocytes are heavily laden with similar forms of debris. The sequence of ultrastructural events is discussed in light of recent studies of transganglionic degeneration, their correlation with light microscopic findings, and the potential implications for central plasticity in this system.

Age Factors↗