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PubMed1991

Utility of thermography in the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy.

We performed infrared telethermography in 55 patients with the clinical diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy and in 37 normal controls. Five readers interpreted the thermograms in a blinded fashion. A moderate degree of agreement was noted in tests of intraobserver and interobserver variability. The sensitivity of thermography ranged from 78% to 94% compared with 81% to 92% for imaging studies and 77% for EMG. The specificity of thermography ranged from 20% to 44%. Thermography predicted the level of the radiculopathy correctly in less than 50% of cases. Thermography has little or no utility in the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Measuring lateral skin temperature profile of premature infants in incubators with thermography].

Thermography enables the measurement of patients skin temperature profiles without stress caused by direct contact of probes to the skin. In previous incubator studies, frontal recordings were made through a hole in the top wall of the incubator hood. Using this method it is not possible to record the lateral temperature gradient from the back to the abdomen of the infant (in supine position), which is due to very limited heat loss near the incubator mattress. In this study temperature recordings were made from a lateral position. For this purpose a new front door of the incubator (Draeger 8000) was designed, which replaced the standard front door during measurements. In a clinical study thermography was compared to temperature measurements by standard thermistors. The mean difference between thermography and thermistors was 0.16 degree C. These results verify the use of thermography for measuring skin temperature of preterm infants in incubators.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1980

Microwave thermography in the detection of breast cancer.

Microwave thermography, a method of sensing subcutaneous temperatures, was used in a breast cancer detection study of about 5,000 female patients. The data were taken at wavelengths of 9.1 and 23 cm. Microwave thermography at 23 cm has true-positive and true-negative detection rates of 0.8 and 0.6, respectively, comparable to those of infrared thermography (0.7) and inferior to those of xeromammography (0.9). However, a potential advantage results if microwave and infrared thermography are used together for screening, and if mammography is used only for follow-up on those patients who were positive on either the microwave or the infrared thermograms. It is then possible to obtain true-positive and true-negative detection rates of 0.9 and 0.9, respectively, while only half the number of patients need be subjected to x-rays.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bioavailability evaluation of dermocorticoids using differential infrared thermography].

INTRODUCTION: Differential infrared thermography, proposed in this paper, is a technique based on direct observations of infrared radiations emitted by the skin. The evolution of cutaneous temperature caused by the application of dermocorticoids on healthy skin demonstrates their pharmaco-dynamic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cutaneous thermal image was recorded in real time. Image processing using subtraction function readily provided differential infrared thermographic analysis of the effects. Four activity classes of dermocorticoids had been applied on healthy skin. A test immediately carried out after dermocorticoid application on skin without occlusion and the classical skin blanching-test have been performed. RESULTS: Temperature differences between the dermocorticoids were detected within the first three hours after the application on the skin without occlusion. The dermocorticoid class II cream formulation under study induced a decrease in temperature more pronounced than the others dermocorticoids. The skin-blanching effect was more noticeable for dermocorticoids class I and II and it was not detected for class IV. DISCUSSION: Subtraction thermograms provide a means of differential imaging. Evolutive temperature differences subsequent to unique application without dermocorticoid occlusion are evidenced during a short duration (the first three hours). This may correspond to efficacy differences while classical tests of vasoconstriction analyse the cutaneous blanching induced after the 6th hour. Concerning the skin-blanching effect, results of this first investigation are not sufficient for a precise qualitative and quantitative interpretation. The main interest of differential infrared thermography is to be quantitative, without contact, continuous in real time. Differential infrared thermography is more sensitive than classical thermography. It allowed an objective evolution survey for dermocorticoids.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microwave thermography in the assessment of breast pathology].

Searching for a noninvasive method of the diagnosis of breast pathology was the initial reason of setting up this study. The aim of this work was to answer the following questions: does the microwave thermography allow us to detect pathological masses within the breast and may it be used as the screening test taking under consideration its diagnostic accuracy. The results of microwave thermography were compared with physical examination, ultrasonomammography, mammography, cytology (from aspirating biopsy - BAC) or histopathological examination (performed during operation or as open diagnostic biopsy). Statistically significant differences in temperatures obtained by thermography, were revealed between three groups (healthy control, women with benign breast disease and group of patients with breast cancer), for the temperature amplitude within whole breast tissue. Statistical significance was also obtained comparing temperature amplitude examined beyond palpable breast mass. There was no statistical significant differences between tumour volume, clinical stage of disease, morphological differentiation of breast disorders and examined differences of the values of temperature amplitude. The usefulness of microwave thermography in the detection of breast disorders (both breast carcinoma and benign breast masses), gives hope for final success in searching for noninvasive diagnostic procedures, which can be implemented as a screening examination of women population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Assessment of diagnostic criterion of coldness in women with thermography].

UNLABELLED: In this study 99 women were examined by thermography to diagnose coldness. We investigated the correlation between the surface temperature of various parts of the body and the atmospheric temperature during a day in 66 women with coldness and 33 without coldness by means of thermography. RESULTS: 1) Peripheral portions of the lower limbs giving readings lower than 26 degrees C in thermography were found in 67% of women with coldness and in 6% of those without coldness. 2) In the group of women with coldness, the mean surface temperatures in the peripheral portions of limbs were closely correlated with the mean atmospheric temperatures (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001), and the gradient of temperatures from the abdomen to the peripheral portions of limbs was greater at lower mean atmospheric temperatures. 3) A significantly large number (p less than 0.001) of women with coldness had a gradient of more than 6 degrees C observed compared with the other group. 4) The gradient was significantly larger (p less than 0.001) in women with coldness when the mean atmospheric temperature was under 15 degrees C than in women without coldness. CONCLUSION: When the gradient of the surface temperature from the abdomen to the peripheral portions of the limbs in thermography was more than 6 degrees C, we might be able to conclude that the subjects have coldness.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical observations on acupuncture treatment of peripheral facial paralysis aided by infra-red thermography--a preliminary report.

We have carried out clinical observations on 34 patients with peripheral facial paralysis treated by acupuncture therapy prescribed according to selection of treatment regimen on the basis of facial thermogram and temperature. A comparison was made with a control group of 97 patients who received conventional acupuncture therapy only. It was found that 1) The cure rate in the group of selecting acupoints by thermogram (hereinafter referred to as the thermography--aided treatment group) was 67.65%, with a marked improvement rate of 26.40%; while the cure rate of the conventional acupuncture treatment group (hereinafter called the conventional treatment group) was 46.39%, the marked improvement rate being 29.90%, indicating a significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the two groups (P less than 0.02). 2) The average duration of acupuncture therapy for the thermography aided treatment group was 6.02 weeks, whereas that for the conventional treatment group, 24 weeks. There was also a significant difference between the two groups (P less than 0.01). And 3) During the entire therapeutic course, 25.2 sessions of treatment were given on the average in the thermography--aided treatment group, and 78.8 sessions in the conventional treatment group, showing a very significant difference (P less than 0.001). The present thermography--aided method exhibits advantages over the conventional one in enhancing the cure rate and shortening the duration of treatment, which is worthy to be popularized in clinical practice. And it is also of certain significance in standardization and scientification of acupuncture therapy.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1988

Neuromuscular thermography in orthopaedic surgery. A usage poll.

The value of thermography in evaluating neck and back pain is assessed based on a simple random sample of 405 Active Fellows of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. There were 316 responses to the survey with 293 Fellows indicating that they evaluate neck and back pain. Eighteen use thermography and seven find thermography helpful in their practice. The use of thermography in the courtroom to document painful conditions of the neck and back is not supported by this survey.

Back Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact thermography as a screening test for deep venous thrombosis following major hip surgery.

Contact thermography is a non-invasive, easily handled, and inexpensive investigation for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs. In this study 56 patients with total hip replacement were screened for DVT by contact thermography, using bilateral ascending phlebography as reference procedure. Examinations were performed on the seventh postoperative day. All thermograms were evaluated blindly and independently at the end of the study. Phlebography revealed unilateral DVT in six patients. Only two had corresponding findings at thermography, giving four false negative results. Moreover, 14 false positive thermograms were found. Based on the number of legs investigated, the nosographic sensitivity and specificity thus were 33 and 87 per cent, respectively. It is concluded that contact thermography is of no value as a screening test for DVT following major hip surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The use of thermography in the clinical evaluation of microcirculation].

A method of thermography of the hands including the cold test was employed to evaluate peripheral microcirculation in 116 patients (34 with atherosclerosis of the vessels of different sites, 38 with chronic diffuse liver diseases and 38 with chronic pancreatitis). In 29 patients with hepatocirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis microcirculation was also studied by conjunctival biomicroscopy. Microcirculatory disturbances by the method of thermography of the hands, particularly using the cold test, were revealed in a considerable number of cases of primary vascular pathology as well as in chronic liver and pancreatic diseases. Parallelism in the recognition of microcirculatory disturbances by the methods of thermography and conjunctival biomicroscopy was noted. The method of thermography of the hands permitted the evaluation of reactivity of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed. Taking into account its sufficient informative value, noninvasiveness, simplicity and an opportunity of dynamic observations it can be recommended for a wider clinical use to study microcirculatory disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Thermography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of cancer recurrence after rectal extirpation].

The results of thermography and computed tomography of 168 patients following rectum extirpation for cancer were analysed. Of them 116 had symptoms of cancer recurrence and 52 with a poor prognosis were without signs of recurrence. In the 1st group thermography made it possible to record recurrences in 106 (91.4%) patients whereas computed tomography in 102 (87.9%). In thermography overdiagnosis was observed in 8 (6.9%) cases as a result of chronic inflammatory processes in the small pelvis. In computed tomography erroneous results were obtained in 4 (3.5%) cases. In the absence of recurrence symptoms the use of both methods made it possible to detect tumor recurrences in 11 (21.2%) patients at a preclinical stage. In the authors' opinion, thermography provides an opportunity to assume the presence of a recurring tumor and to make up a high risk group of patients who are in need of an active follow-up and thorough examination using other methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Thermography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. A comparison with 99Tcm-plasmin test, clinical diagnosis and phlebography.

Thermography, clinical examination and 99Tcm-plasmin test were performed in 112 patients and compared with phlebography. The study population consists of consecutive outpatients with symptoms compatible with deep venous thrombosis, who presented during regular clinic hours. Scoring systems were constructed for the clinical and thermographic evaluation. Both thermography and clinical diagnosis were insufficiently sensitive and specific for screening purposes. Plasmin test had a high sensitivity, 95%, but a low specificity. It is possible that a combination of thermography and clinical diagnostic criteria can provide an acceptable screening procedure. Combining thermography with a routine examination by the physician on duty yielded less favourable results.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1983

The role of contact thermography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis.

Contact thermography, a non-invasive inexpensive method of investigation for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in the lower limb, was compared with conventional ascending phlebography in 69 patients. The results showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 97% and a diagnostic specificity of 50% giving an overall agreement of 73% between the methods. The low diagnostic specificity of thermography was to be expected, since any inflammatory reaction, whatever the cause, will give a rise in the skin-temperature. The high sensitivity shows that thermography is useful as a screening method. In the present material thermography could have prevented 25 per cent of the phlebographies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Thermography in the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the horse.

To evaluate the use of thermography in equine medicine, a three-phase study was conducted. In the first phase, six horses were examined thermographically, before and after exercise, to determine a normal thermal pattern. In the second phase, nine horses with acute and chronic inflammatory processes were examined thermographically. In the third phase, thermography was used to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs on chemically induced inflammatory reactions. All normal horses tested had similar infrared emission patterns. There was a high degree of symmetry between right and left and between front (dorsal) to rear (palmar, plantar) in the legs distal to the carpus and the tarsus. The warmer areas of the thermogram tended to follow major vascular structures. The coronary band was the warmest area of the leg. Heat increase due to exercise did not substantially alter the normal thermographic pattern. Use of thermography in clinical cases successfully detected a subluxation of the third lumbar vertebra, a subsolar abscess, alveolar periostitis and abscess, laminitis, serous arthritis of the femoropatellar joint, and tendonitis. Thermography was effective in quantitative and qualitative evaluation of anti-inflammatory compounds in the treatment of chemically induced inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnostic validity of thermography of lameness in horses].

Thirty-six lameness free horses and 119 horses with lameness of the distal forelimb including the carpus were evaluated through thermography. Examination was done with an infrared thermography camera "Thermovision 470" and a specially developed analyzing software program. Temperature differences between corresponding regions of the left and right forelimb were determined and scrutinized statistically between various lameness groups. By creating temperature differences between both limbs a parameter for skin temperature was found which is independent of surrounding temperature. In lameness free horses skin temperature was contralaterally symmetric and there was no significant temperature difference between left and right limb. A significant (p < 0.01) temperature difference of all regions in comparison to lameness free horses was demonstrated in diseases like navicular disease, pododermatitis and tendopathia. Horses with a diagnosis of coffin bone fracture and arthropathia showed a significant (p < 0.05) temperature difference in almost all regions compared to controls, whereas horses with laminitis and periostitis did not show a significant difference. Loss of symmetric distribution of skin temperature could be demonstrated between affected and non-affected regions. Thermography can show and quantitatively prove very well changes in skin temperature in forelimb lameness. It must be emphasized that thermography in lameness diagnosis of horses is only useful in combination with a thorough clinical examination including additional examination procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Varicoceles: combined sonography and thermography in diagnosis and posttherapeutic evaluation.

One hundred eighteen patients with clinically suspected varicocele were examined with thermography and sonography before phlebography of the internal spermatic vein (ISV). The combination of sonography and thermography led to an exact differentiation among eight patients with normal findings (6.8%), 103 with left-sided varicoceles (87.3%), six with bilateral varicoceles (5.1%), and one with a right-sided varicocele (0.85%). The accuracy of thermography was 98.4% and of sonography, 92.7%. With sonography, venous dilatation was detected when the patients were upright and the Valsalva maneuver was being performed. Thermography was more sensitive than sonography in detecting persistent varicocele in 63 patients reexamined after sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy within the inguinal segment of the ISV gave better results (82.9%) than that within the proximal segment (77.3%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of scintigraphy, thermography, ultrasound and phlebography in grading of clinical varicocele.

Varicocele, a varicosity of the pampiniform plexus, usually on the left side, is a common urologic problem. It may be associated with symptoms of local discomfort or abnormal spermatogenesis. Internal spermatic vein phlebography is the "gold standard" investigative technique, but it is invasive. Noninvasive studies include: labeled blood-pool scintigraphy, thermography and ultrasound. Two hundred sixty-three patients were investigated with various combinations of these modalities. The degree of abnormality for each modality was graded semiquantitatively and the results compared. In addition, the results of semen analysis were correlated to imaging results. Ninety-six patients were investigated with all four tests (scintigraphy, thermography, ultrasound and phlebography). The correlation of positive phlebography to positive scintigraphy was 98%, to thermography 100% and to ultrasound 98%. The concordance (grade for grade) was 71% for scintigraphy, 68% for thermography and 62% for ultrasound. There was no obvious correlation between abnormalities of semen analysis and grading of varicocele. We conclude that the diagnostic accuracy and grading of severity by noninvasive techniques (including scintigraphy) compare very favorably with that of phlebography. Moreover, scintigraphy allows the noninvasive evaluation of reflux through the internal spermatic vein, which may be useful in planning therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Conventional mammography, physical examination, thermography and xeroradiography in the detection of breast cancer.

From July 1, 1973, through January 15, 1975, at the Emory University Clinic independent physical examinations, conventional mammography, thermography and xeroradiography of the breast were carried out on 1,003 symptomatic patients by both physicians and radiologic technologists. One year after completion of the study there had been 360 breasts biopsied with 53 malignant and 307 benign lesions demonstrated. Seventy-three percent of the cancers were histologically Stage 0 or Stage I. The detection rate of the cancers by physician and technologist respectively were: 1) conventional mammography 87 and 74%; 2) xeroradiography 65 and 46%; 3) physical examination 62 and 51%; and 4) thermography 29 and 27%. In non-malignant breasts the physician and technologist designated cancer respectively in: 1) thermography 4 and 6%; 2) conventional mammography 6 and 6%; 3) xeroradiography 8 and 10%; and 4) physical examination 11 and 12%.

Adult↗