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PubMed1983

[Methodological survey of whole blood filtration in the evaluation of erythrocyte deformability. III. Relative influence of various cellular components].

We have counted the different types of blood cells before and immediately after filtration. During filtration, an almost equal quantity of each type of cells remained in the filter, with a slightly higher percentage of leucocytes. The problem regarding occlusion of filter pores should be considered in the light of these findings.

Blood↗
PubMed1983

[Methodological survey of erythrocyte filtration time].

We measured the whole blood filtration time of 30 healthy subjects. The influence of hematocrit, fibrinogen, leucocyte and platelet count on filtration time was also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis did not demonstrate any effect of the above-mentioned parameters when they were separately considered. We have subsequently taken from the entire population a group of 14 subjects in which were simultaneously found values of hematocrit greater than or equal to 41%, fibrinogen greater than or equal to 210 mg/100 ml and platelet count greater than or equal to 250,000/mm3. The filtration time was significantly higher in this group (69 +/- 4 sec) than in the remaining 16 normal subjects (56 +/- 4 sec), p less than 0.05. These data suggest that the simultaneous variation of several parameters could modify the whole blood filtration time, while these parameters have no effect when taken separately.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Advances in epidemiology survey methodology and techniques in schistosomiasis.

Quantitative techniques are now recognized to contribute to the validity and comparability of data from epidemiological studies in schistosomiasis. These methods have been developed and tested in field investigations in areas where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic and, to a lesser extent, S. haematobium endemic areas. Carefully planned epidemiological investigations using standardized and quantitative methods have contributed to our understanding of the relationships between intensity of infection and morbidity, as well as to the development of improved control strategies relevant to these areas. This article reviews the newer parasitological techniques, methods of morbidity assessment, and data analysis procedures employed in current epidemiological studies in schistosomiasis, as well as the analytical questions involved in research on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed2003

A pilot study of a computer-assisted cell-phone interview (CACI) methodology to survey respondents in households without telephones about alcohol use.

An intrinsic drawback with the use of a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) survey methodology is that people who live in households without a connected landline telephone are excluded from the survey sample. This paper presents a pilot of the feasibility of a computer-assisted cell-phone interview (CACI) methodology designed to survey people living in households without a telephone about alcohol use and be compatible with a larger telephone based alcohol sample. The CACI method was found to be an efficient and cost competitive method to reach non-telephone households. Telephone ownership was found to make a difference to the typical occasion amount of alcohol consumed, with respondents from households without telephones drinking significantly more than those with telephones even when consumption levels were controlled for socio-economic status. Although high levels of telephone ownership in the general population mean these differences may not have any impact on population alcohol measures they may be important in sub-populations where telephone ownership is lower.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Physician response to surveys. A review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Physician-specific surveys are a frequently used tool in health services research, but attempts at ensuring adequate response rates are rarely reported. We reviewed literature of survey methodology specific to physician surveys and report those found to be most effective. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PSYCHInfo from 1967 through February 1999. We included all English-language studies that randomized physician survey respondents to an experimental or control group. The authors independently extracted data from 24 studies examining survey methodology of physician-specific surveys. We included Mantel-Haenszel chi-squares comparing treatment groups, if present. If not, these were calculated from study data. RESULTS: Pre-notification of survey recipients, personalizing the survey mailout package, and nonmonetary incentives were not associated with increased response rates. Monetary incentives, the use of stamps on both outgoing and return envelopes, and short questionnaires did increase response rates. Few differences were reported in response rates of phone surveys compared with mail surveys and between the demographics and practice characteristics of early survey respondents and late respondents. CONCLUSIONS: We report some simple approaches that may significantly increase response rates of mail surveys. Surprisingly, the response rates of mail surveys of physicians compared favorably with those from telephone and personal interview surveys. Nonresponse bias may be of less concern in physician surveys than in surveys of the general public. Future research steps include specifically testing the more compelling results to allow for better control of confounders.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Admission procedures: A survey of current methodology.

A survey was conducted by the Department of Medical Technology at Wayne State University to determine current admission procedures for student selection. With more applicants applying for clinical education than can be accepted, the selection process becomes critical. Questionnaires were sent to institutions throughout the United States with accredited programs in medical technology. Among the findings, trends indicate the use of grade point average, separate evaluation of science grades, use of an admissions committee, and a dependence on references and transcripts in selecting students. In addition, the study shows that in all the accredited programs surveyed, including universities, hospitals, Veterans Administration hospitals, and others, an average of 82 students apply each year for the 15 available positions, a ratio of 5.5:1.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the immunization coverage of young children in France. Results of surveys and methodologic analysis].

Twelve immunization coverage surveys were held in France between 1981 and 1986, for 24 to 59 month old children, using World Health Organization cluster survey methods. The results were comparable to those obtained with other evaluation methods, either exhaustive or using random samples. 80-96% of the children were immunized with BCG, DPT and Polio vaccines. Important variations are noted over a period of time and from one place to another for measles, rubella and mumps vaccines, so that further sustained effort is needed to reach rates high enough to reduce the incidence and complications of these diseases.

Child↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of breast-feeding data from the National Surveys of Family Growth and the Ross Laboratories Mothers Surveys.

This study compares rates of breast feeding reported in the National Surveys of Family Growth with those from the Ross Laboratories Mothers Surveys. Both surveys have documented rates of breast feeding over the last 30 or more years. Despite differences in survey methodology, both surveys document similar long-term trends in breast feeding. The similarities of rates in breast feeding also are evident across several maternal sociodemographic characteristics. We conclude that both surveys produce reliable and useful estimates of breast feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Development of a survey to measure parent satisfaction in a pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To use classic survey methodology to develop a specific survey tool that can assess parent satisfaction with medical care in a pediatric intensive care setting. DESIGN: Application of survey design methodology to develop and analyze a parent satisfaction survey. SETTING: A pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a large teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Sixty-six parents of children admitted to a PICU. RESULTS: A four-stage process of item selection, item reduction, pretesting, and test analysis was used to create a 23-item parent satisfaction survey that was statistically analyzed and developed specifically for the PICU setting. The survey tool was developed with the input of parents of children admitted to a PICU, and it was administered to parents in the PICU. The resultant survey was analyzed for validity and reliability. Both test-retest and internal consistency reliability were evaluated. This design yielded a survey with acceptable reliability, as demonstrated by a reliability coefficient of 0.8275. Test-retest reliability also showed good correlation of answers. Validity was partially established by including parents in the identification of survey topics. CONCLUSIONS: Classic survey design methodology was applied to develop a specific satisfaction survey in a pediatric inpatient setting. This stepwise method yielded a parent survey specific to one type of inpatient unit, and the resultant survey tool reliably measured levels of parent satisfaction with medical care in that area. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying classic survey methodology to develop a statistically analyzed parent satisfaction survey for an inpatient setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Methodology of surveys in animal epidemiology].

In the present paper, the authors review the methodological bases of surveys, both descriptive and analytical, used in animal epidemiology. They give a comprehensive definition of the main terms applied to epidemiology as well as of the method used to evaluate the quality of these surveys.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Estimated alcohol consumption in the 1995 National Health Survey: some methodological issues.

OBJECTIVE: This paper critically examines the methodology used to ascertain alcohol consumption in the 1995 Australian Bureau of Statistics National Health Survey (NHS). METHOD: The 1995 NHS was the second in a series of regular, five-yearly population surveys designed to obtain national benchmark information on a range of health-related issues and enable the monitoring of trends over time. The first survey was conducted in 1989-90. In the 1995 NHS, respondents were asked about the quantity of each of seven types of alcohol consumed on up to three days of the week before the interview day. In the 1989-90 NHS, however, respondents were asked about alcohol consumption on each of the seven days before the interview. This paper uses Unit Record Data from the 1989-90 National Health Survey to investigate the methodology used in 1995. RESULTS: It is shown that the estimates of alcohol consumption obtained using the 1995 methodology are highly dependent on the day of the week on which the interviews were conducted. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that the 1995 methodology not be used in future NHS surveys. The 1989-90 methodology of seven-day retrospective diaries would seem a better choice for future National Health Surveys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Methodological issues in the use of survey questionnaires to assess the health effects of torture.

It has become increasingly important to identify torture survivors among subgroups of the American population and to assess the continuing health effects of torture experience. To determine whether survey questionnaires can be effectively used to make such assessments, we reviewed the recent literature on refugee health, on the measurement and treatment of trauma, and in the related areas of survey methodology and cognitive psychology. We conclude that, if properly conducted, the survey approach represents an effective method, and we propose specific recommendations concerning procedures that may be used in surveys of torture survivors to maximize study validity.

Data Collection↗