SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Muscle flaps in small animals have been used quite frequently in experimental research. Their use in clinical veterinary surgery, however, has not yet been extensively explored. This paper describes the anatomy and clinical use of some of the muscle flaps that have been investigated and used in small animals.
Based on cadaver studies in dogs, the 8th, 9th, or 10th canine coccygeal vertebra with overlying skin was designed for free vascularized bone transfer. In six dogs the coccygeal osteocutaneous flap was transferred to fill a defect of the tibia, anastomosing the median caudal artery and one of the two caudal veins to the tibial vessels. The overlying skin provided a reliable monitoring system for the transferred tissue. The behavior of the vascularized coccygeal vertebrae was then evaluated with radiographic and histologic examination and compared with control vertebrae transferred without reconnection of the blood vessels. The results revealed that the canine coccygeal bone graft is a reliable vascularized osteocutaneous flap, which can be applied either in clinical veterinary surgery or in orthopedic microsurgical research.
Free skin flap transfer by microvascular anastomosis has proven to be a successful technique for covering difficult to treat skin defects. Specialized equipment and training restrict its application to large teaching or specialty practices. Currently, this training is only available through medical schools; however, skin is only one of many tissues to which distant transfer by microvascular anastomosis is applicable. The potential uses of microvascular free tissue transfer ensure its expanded use in veterinary surgery.
The use of an inflatable bag to obtain skin for flaps is an exciting new reconstruction procedure in veterinary surgery. The silicone elastomer balloon is placed subcutaneously, adjacent to a defect, and slowly inflated over a period of several weeks. The resulting skin flap can be used to correct the defect or replace the skin loss. The use of this procedure is described in animals.
Surgical treatment of OA is appropriate when conservative therapy fails or is inadequate. The veterinary orthopedist's goals in treatment should be to alleviate pain, maintain function, and prevent or remove the potential for further degeneration of the joint. Currently, in veterinary surgery, THR and femoral head and neck excision are the primary treatments for OA of the coxofemoral joint. Other joints are treated primarily by arthrodesis or excision arthroplasty. Arthroscopy is proving to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of OA, and total stifle and elbow replacement and cartilage resurfacing through chondrocyte grafting are on the horizon as potential treatment options.
Distraction osteogenesis and the use of circular external skeletal fixation has increased the capacity of veterinary surgeons to manage difficult orthopedic conditions including limb-length discrepancies, angular deformity, distal and severely comminuted fractures, and bone defects. This article discusses the historical developments of the Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis in veterinary surgery, circular external skeletal instrumentation, and the biological principles. There is also discussion of use of this method for correction of angular deformity and bone transport and complications associated with this technique.
The correct pathologic diagnosis of tumor type affecting the veterinary patient is of utmost importance to the veterinary surgical oncologist. The surgical oncologist may be presented with benign or malignant diseases, and an accurate pathologic diagnosis may be necessary to distinguish between the two conditions. In either case, assessment of surgical margins to determine completeness of surgical removal is necessary. In cases of malignancy, the pathologist should grade the tumor, if appropriate, and be able to perform specialized techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, if a diagnosis is in question. The surgical oncologist needs to understand the principles of tissue collection, fixation, and submission to help the pathologist provide an accurate diagnosis. Finally, the oncologic surgeon and surgical pathologist need to establish a cooperative working relationship and function as a team to discuss difficult cases. This will ensure the best treatment for the veterinary patient.
During eight years, in 17 cattle a septic arthritis of the shoulder or hip joint was diagnosed at the Veterinary Surgery Department, University of Munich. The diagnosis was based on the results of the synoviocentesis and confirmed by ultrasound and radiographic examination. The average number of leucocytes in the synovia was 65,137/microliter (median 43.344/microliter), with 97% neutrophils (median 96%). Of the 17 animals, 13 were treated. In two patients arthrotomy, and in 11 repeated joint lavage was performed. As a lavage solution, 500 to 1000 ml of Ringer's solution, with 800 to 1600 mg Gentamicin added, was used. Four animals were not treated because of advanced radiographic changes (1), purulent arthritis and phlegmon (1) or economic reasons (2). Ten patients could be cured long-term (follow up time 10.5 months on average, median 6.5 months), three remained lame and were slaughtered. As a conclusion, septic arthritis of the shoulder or the hip joint in cattle has a good prognosis when diagnosed and treated early.
OBJECTIVE: An n-butyl-ester cyanoacrylate adhesive available for veterinary surgery (Vetbond, 3M) was tested in rabbits for corneal irritation. PROCEDURES: Two experimental procedures were used on 24 rabbits: injection of the adhesive into an intralamellar corneal pocket (n = 10) and application of the glue to a mid-stromal corneal defect (n = 14). In both experiments the eyes were examined for 20 days for evidence of corneal irritation and tolerance. At the end of each experiment, histopathologic studies were performed on all corneas. RESULTS: The corneal reaction to the intrastromally injected cyanoacrylate was characterized clinically by slight edema and vascularization localized to the vicinity of the adhesive. A moderate foreign body-type reaction was found histologically. Following application of the adhesive to a central stromal defect, the treated corneas remained totally clear and histopathologic examination showed that the healing process was not altered compared to the controls. The mean retention time of the glue patch was 14 days. CONCLUSIONS: Intrastromal injection and surface application to a corneal defect of n-butyl-ester cyanoacrylate to a corneal defect induced only a mild inflammatory response and did not interfere with the reparative process. These findings suggest that this surgical adhesive would be acceptable for treating corneal ulcerations in animals.
Bacterial quantification was evaluated in 15 cases as a means of wound assessment. This study suggests that bacterial quantification may be used as an aid in the evaluation of treatment procedures and wound preparation in veterinary surgery.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA were measured in 9 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis sp that were examined at 4 veterinary surgeries in the United Kingdom (UK) between September 2001 and November 2002. Pneumocystis pneumonia was confirmed in all dogs by visualization of the organism in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or a transthoracic lung aspirate. Two dogs had a history of demodicosis. Immunoglobulin concentrations also were measured in breed-and age-matched dogs sampled over the same period. IgG concentrations were significantly (P = .000) lower in the affected dogs (median 3.2 mg/mL) than in the control dogs (median 8.5 mg/mL). IgM concentrations were significantly (P = .002) higher in the affected dogs (median 1.95 mg/mL) than in the control dogs (median 1.12 mg/mL). One affected dog had no change in IgG concentration more than 3 months after resolution of infection or vaccination, but did have reduction in IgM concentration after resolution of infection and vaccination. Control dogs had low serum IgG and IgM concentrations, compared with the reference interval for all dogs. Lymphocyte count in blood was normal or high in 7 of 8 affected dogs. The results of this study suggest that there is a defect in immunity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels that underlies the susceptibility of these dogs to pneumocystosis. Further studies are indicated to elucidate the mechanisms behind the defect, the prevalence within the breed, and the potential mode of inheritance of the problem.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.