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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Neutralization of static electricity charged on running vinyl chloride sheet by the use of soft beta-ray sources (author's transl)].

The feasibility of 147Pm and 3H beta-ray sources as static eliminator was experimentally investigated. A sheet of vinyl chloride of 0.1 mm in thickness was used as an example of electrified materials. Its surface charge densities before and after beta-ray neutralization were measured as the function of electrostatic charge changing the speed of the sheet and the distance between the beta-ray source and the sheet. With a 147Pm beta-ray source of 200mCi in effective activity, almost complete neutralization was found for the sheet with the charge density less than 6 X 10(-6) C/m2 running at the speed of 0.18 m/s. In the case of the running speed of 0.5 m/s frequently used in industry, the electrostatic charge below 3 X 10(6) C/m2, where corona discharger is not so effective, was also perfectly eliminated. It was found that the optimal distance between the beta-ray source and the sheet was 10 cm in the case of 147Pm. The use of 3H beta-ray source of 1 Ci was not satisfactory. These results demonstrate that 147 Pm beta-ray source operates most efficiently as static eliminator when the charge density of material and/or its moving speed is not high.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

Quasi-static electric field in a cylindrical volume conductor induced by external coils.

An expansion technique based on modified Bessel functions is used to obtain an analytical solution for the electric field induced in a homogeneous cylindrical volume conductor by an external coil. The current in the coil is assumed to be changing slowly so that quasi-static conditions can be justified. Valid for any coil type, this solution is ideal for fast computation of the induced electric field at a large number of points. Efficient implementation of this method in a computer code is described and numerical results are presented for a perpendicular circular coil and a tangential double-square coil.

Electric Conductivity↗
PubMed2002

Electrokinetics of concentrated suspensions of spherical colloidal particles with surface conductance, arbitrary zeta potential, and double-layer thickness in static electric fields.

In this paper the electrophoretic mobility and the electrical conductivity of concentrated suspensions of spherical colloidal particles have been numerically studied under arbitrary conditions including zeta potential, particle volume fraction, double-layer thickness (overlapping of double layers is allowed), surface conductance by a dynamic Stern layer model (DSL), and ionic properties of the solution. We present an extensive set of numerical data of both the electrophoretic mobility and the electrical conductivity versus zeta potential and particle volume fraction, for different electrolyte concentrations. The treatment is based on the use of a cell model to account for hydrodynamic and electrical interactions between particles. Other theoretical approaches have also been considered for comparison. Furthermore, the study includes the possibility of adsorption and lateral motion of ions in the inner region of the double layers (DSL model), according to the theory developed by C. S. Mangelsdorf and L. R. White (J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.86, 2859 (1990)). The results show that the correct limiting cases of low zeta potentials and thin double layers for dilute suspensions are fulfilled by our conductivity formula. Moreover, the presence of a DSL causes very important changes, even dramatic, on the values of both the electrophoretic mobility and the electrical conductivity for a great range of volume fractions and zeta potentials, specially when double layers of adjacent cells overlap, in comparison with the standard case (no Stern layer present). It can be concluded that in general the presence of a dynamic Stern layer causes the electrophoretic mobility to decrease and the electrical conductivity to increase in comparison with the standard case for every volume fraction, zeta potential, and double-layer thickness.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Static electricity as a mechanism of bacterial transfer during endoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: During endoscopic surgery it is often difficult to describe the procedure based on the video screen image. To compensate, the surgeon may point to the monitor to define more exactly what is intended by the verbal cues. Experiments were conducted to determine if the electrostatic field of the monitor could serve as a mechanism of bacterial transfer from the video screen to the patient. METHODS: A gloved hand traversed the monitor in a standard fashion at varying distances from the screen. The fingertips were then cultured onto blood agar plates. RESULTS: Bacterial growth occurred on 28 of the 30 cultures taken at 1, 2, and 4 cm from the video screen. No growth occurred on any of the 8 cm cultures, or the 20 controls. The number of bacterial colonies cultured from the glove was inversely related to the distance between the glove and video screen (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude the electrostatic field generated by the video monitor could serve as a mechanism of bacterial contamination during endoscopic surgery. Also, we conclude that placing the gloved hand in proximity to the video monitor screen during an operative procedure constitutes a break in sterile technique and must be avoided.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2005

Electrochemical and PM-IRRAS studies of the effect of the static electric field on the structure of the DMPC bilayer supported at a Au(111) electrode surface.

Differential capacity, charge density measurements, and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) were employed to study the fusion of small unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) on a Au(111) electrode surface. The differential capacity and charge density data showed that the vesicles fuse onto the gold surface at charge densities between -10 microC/cm(2) < sigma(M) < 10 microC/cm(2) to form a bilayer. When sigma(M) < -10 microC/cm(2), the film is detached from the surface but it remains in close proximity to the surface. PM-IRRAS experiments provided IR spectra for the bilayer in the adsorbed and the desorbed state. Ab initio normal coordinate calculations were performed to assist interpretation of the IR spectra. The IR bands were analyzed quantitatively, and this analysis provided information concerning the conformation and orientation of the acyl chains and the polar head region of the DMPC molecule. The orientation of the chains, hydration, and conformation of the headgroup of the DMPC molecule strongly depend on the electrode potential.

Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine↗