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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Depressive mood in male college students. Father-son interactional patterns.

This study was designed to investigate the interrelationship of sets of paternal and adolescent factors in explaining depressive mood in normal male adolescents. Two hundred forty-six male college students and their fathers were administered separate, written questionnaires assessing the personality attributes of both fathers and sons and the socialization practices of the fathers. Results of regression analyses indicated that of three hypothesized models (independent, mediational, interdependent) the mediational model was consistent with the data. Thus, we found that the father's personality attributes and his socialization techniques are related to the son's personality, which, in turn, is related to the son's depressive mood. In addition, certain personality attributes of the son interacted synergistically with those of his father to produce more frequent reports of depressive mood in the son.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Familial testicular cancer in a father (bilateral seminoma-embryonal cell carcinoma) and son (teratocarcinoma): a case report and review of the literature.

Familial testicular neoplasia is reported in a father and his son. This represents only the fifth published case of father-son testicular cancer. The father had bilateral testicular seminoma with embryonal cell elements while the son had teratocarcinoma. The clinical significance of familial testicular neoplasia is discussed and the subject of father and son testicular cancer is reviewed. This case of father-son testicular neoplasia illustrates the following important points: 1) there is a continuing need to document and describe each case of familial testicular cancer in order to better evaluate the pathogenesis of this familial occurrence; 2) prospective genetic and laboratory studies will be needed to definitively clarify the specific factors involved in the familial clustering or transmission of this type of cancer; and 3) this tendency for testicular cancer to affect multiple kindred must be considered in the proper guidance and counseling of affected patients and their high-risk family members.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Father-son testicular malignancy. Does genetic anticipation occur?

Testicular malignancy in a father and son is reported. The father had sequential bilateral seminomas while the son had embryonal cell carcinoma and seminoma. Reported cases of father-son testicular malignancy are reviewed and a predominance of seminomas in the fathers is apparent while the sons' tumors are highly malignant teratomas, choriocarcinomas and embryonal cell carcinomas. The possibility of genetic anticipation in father-son testicular malignancy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Y chromosome analysis of infertile men and their sons conceived through intracytoplasmic sperm injection: vertical transmission of deletions and rarity of de novo deletions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and type of Yq microdeletions in 86 consecutive men that fathered 99 sons by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and to determine the incidence of vertical transmission and de novo deletions in these boys. DESIGN: Prospective clinical observational study. SETTING: Genetics laboratory associated with a university IVF unit. PATIENT(S): Eighty-six consecutive infertile men presenting to an IVF clinic and their 99 ICSI-conceived sons. Fifty of the 86 men (58%) had idiopathic seminiferous tubule failure (STF); the remainder had a variety of other clinical indications for ICSI. INTERVENTION(S): Collection of peripheral and cord blood samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The Yq genetic status of fathers who underwent ICSI and of their sons by the presence or absence of 22 Y-specific markers covering the four azoospermia factor (AZF) subregions. RESULT(S): Yq deletions of the AZFd/c region were detected in two (6.9%) of 29 azoo- or severely oligospermic men with STF. Identical deletions were found in their respective sons. No de novo deletions were detected in the remaining 97 sons conceived by men without deletions. CONCLUSION(S): The detection of Yq deletions only in men with severe STF is consistent with previous studies, with the AZFd/c region being most commonly affected. This study demonstrates the vertical transmission of these Yq deletions through the use of ICSI and supports the notion that, in most cases, Yq deletions will be inherited by male offspring. The absence of de novo Yq deletions in the male offspring indicates that these events are rare following ICSI in men with both STF and other common male factor indications.

Fathers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychological functioning in sons of active alcoholic, recovering alcoholic, and social drinking fathers.

Sons of active alcoholic, recovering alcoholic, and social drinking fathers were administered neuropsychological tests to assess whether they differ in their cognitive functioning. Multivariate analyses of variance showed that sons of active alcoholic sons perform significantly worse on visuospatial, memory, and attentional tasks as well as general intellectual functioning than sons of social drinking fathers. The sons of recovering alcoholic fathers showed no significant difference from social drinking fathers in their cognitive functioning. These results suggest that the clinical type of the alcoholic father (i.e., inability to abstain, more severe alcoholic vs. ability to abstain, less severe alcoholic) may be an important factor that determines whether offspring of alcoholics have neuropsychological deficits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Son preference in a rural village in North Vietnam.

This article explores the continuing preference for sons in the context of low fertility in Vietnam. Although the total fertility rate for Vietnam declined from 6.0 children per woman of reproductive age in 1979 to 2.2 children in 1998, demographic evidence shows that son preference remains strong and influences contraceptive and fertility behavior. This study examines the underlying factors for son preference in a rural village in North Vietnam. The methodology includes focus-group discussions, an in-depth study of 25 families, and ethnographic observation. Results indicate that sons are highly desired for their social, symbolic, and economic value. In spite of four decades of socialist policies aimed at reducing gender-based inequalities and at weakening the patriarchal kinship system, the desire for sons continues to drive the family-building process. The article also indicates a gap between discourse and social practice with respect to roles assigned to children on the basis of their sex.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Predictors of aggression across three generations among sons of alcoholics: relationships involving grandparental and parental alcoholism, child aggression, marital aggression and parenting practices.

OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study uses a three-generation database involving measures of grandparental and parental alcohol use disorder (AUD), marital aggression and aggression to offspring to predict early and later childhood aggression of third generation offspring. Given the importance of aggressive, undercontrolled behavior in the etiology of alcoholism, the purpose of this study was to construct a statistical model of intergenerational aggression and alcoholism among family members. METHOD: Participants were a population-based sample of 186 young sons of alcoholics and both biological parents and 120 nonsubstance abusing families and their age-matched sons drawn from the same neighborhoods. Extensive family data were collected at baseline and at 6 years postbaseline. Structural equation modeling evaluated retrospective and prospective relationships between grandparental and parental predictors of the sons' childhood aggression when they were 3-5 and 9-11 years of age. RESULTS: The final model showed that grandparental marital aggression predicted development of parental antisocial behavior, which predicted parental alcoholism and marital aggression and partially mediated level of child aggression among their sons as preschoolers. Significant autostabilities in level of child aggression, parental AUD and marital aggression were present in families over the 6-year interval. Marital aggression was a more important predictor of son's preschool aggression; direct parental aggression to the child was more important at 9-11. Child aggression at 3-5 also was a partial mediator of level of parent-to-child aggression at 9-11. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate continuity of aggression across three generations and also indicate that the child's pathway into risk for later AUD is not simply mediated by parental alcoholism, but is carried by other comorbid aspects of family functioning, in particular aggression.

Aggression↗
PubMed2005

Different optimal offspring sizes for sons versus daughters may favor the evolution of temperature-dependent sex determination in viviparous lizards.

Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) has evolved independently in at least two lineages of viviparous Australian scincid lizards, but its adaptive significance remains unclear. We studied a montane lizard species (Eulamprus heatwolei) with TSD. Our data suggest that mothers can modify the body sizes of their offspring by selecting specific thermal regimes during pregnancy (mothers with higher and more stable temperatures produced smaller offspring), but cannot influence sons versus daughters differentially in this way. A field mark-recapture study shows that optimal offspring size differs between the sexes: larger body size at birth enhanced the survival of sons but reduced the survival of daughters. Thus, a pregnant female can optimize the fitness of either her sons or her daughters (via yolk allocation and thermoregulation), but cannot simultaneously optimize both. One evolutionary solution to reduce this fitness cost is to modify the sex-determining mechanism so that a single litter consists entirely of either sons or daughters; TSD provides such a mechanism. Previous work has implicated a sex difference in optimal offspring size as a selective force for TSD in turtles. Hence, opposing fitness determinants of sons and daughters may have favored evolutionary transitions from genetic sex determination to TSD in both oviparous turtles and viviparous lizards.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of the number of living sons on contraceptive use among female teachers in Nigeria.

This study examines the relationship between the number of living sons and contraceptive use among married female teachers in primary and secondary schools of the Enugu urban area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Within each category of number of living children, women with no living sons were least likely to have ever used modern contraceptives. Contraceptive use increased directly with number of living sons. However, women with only sons and no daughters were less likely to have ever used modern contraceptives than were women with at least one son and one daughter. Better educated women who were close to achieving their desired family size, or whose desired family sex ratio was relatively low, were more likely to be contraceptive users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Some reflections on a case of mother/adolescent son incest.

A rare case of mother/adolescent son incest is presented. The son, treated in analysis, was not psychotic. Questions are raised about why father/daughter incest appears to be much more common than mother/son incest. Part of the answer, I speculate, has to do with the special psychic dangers for both mother and son, perhaps phylogenetically-based, which attach to the fantasy and the possibility of impregnating the mother. Where the incest taboo is violated, the primary responsibility would appear to be the parent's; the parent is frequently motivated by a compulsion to repeat his or her own incestuous past. In the case presented the probably psychotic mother had raised her son to look like a girl for several years, and he had been the victim of a homosexual assault at the age of 6. The incest at puberty seems to have helped him reverse a psychic position of subjection to the pre-oedipal mother, to have modified his rage and reinforced his masculinity. It also produced some of the arrogance, alongside a need for failure and punishment that evoke the legend of Oedipus. The mother, fearful of the possibility of getting pregnant, had abruptly stopped the incest. It had been repressed, and became conscious again when the son entered analysis. He then left his treatment without being able to work through much of the terror consequent to the consummation of incest, and with some of the feeling of oedipal triumph retained.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Separation in the mother-son relationship: an adolescent problem in Rainer Maria Rilke's story "Silent accompaniment"].

The story 'Quiet Accompanying' by Ranier Maria Rilke's early work is of special interest for research on adolescence. The story is a literary contribution to the separation conflict of parents and their maturing children, especially the separation crisis in the mother-son relationship. The story's suspense is derived from the son's desire to begin a new phase in life and his experience of being powerless regarding his ties to his family. Thereby the adolescent crisis of the male main character is indirectly picked out as the main theme in the description of the mother's separation crisis. In the mother's 'dream' where the departure for a sunday excursion is described, an image of the son's adolescence with the components search for identity, separation and closeness develops. The son's efforts finally fail because mother and son are captured in their relationship characterized by conflicts and fears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen levels in men after premature myocardial infarction and in their sons].

Lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen admittedly are independent risk factors of coronary heart disease. Since Lp (a) has been shown to inhibit plasminogen binding to endothelial cells and to fibrin monomers, this led to the speculation that high Lp (a) levels in plasma could interfere with fibrinolysis. Therefore the aim of our work was to estimate the lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen levels and to find correlation between lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen levels at the men after a myocardial infarction and also at their sons. We examined 33 men of age 31-57 after a myocardial infarction and their 18 sons 4-14 years old. The control group consisted of 40 men of age 18-57 and their 19 sons 5-14 years old. The Lp (a) was determined with electroimmunodiffusion method and fibrinogen by Clauss method. The fibrinogen level in the examined group was found to be statistically significantly higher (338 mg/dl) than in the control group (313 mg/dl). There was no correlation between Lp(a) and fibrinogen concentration. In the group of sons of patients mean fibrinogen and Lp (a) levels were similar to those of the control group. However there was a negative correlation between the fibrinogen and the triglycerides concentration in sons of patients but not in the control group. The results seem to confirm the significance of fibrinogen as a risk factor for the development of the coronary heart disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Does son preference matter?

The demand for additional children is influenced by the presence of sons within a family. This study is based on cross-sectional data of 9416 currently married women under age 50 from a Pakistan national survey in 1979-80. The analysis suggests that having at least one son in the family influences the demand for additional children. Urban and rural comparisons indicated a higher preference for sons in urban areas. Unless the socioeconomic milieu changes, son preference is likely to remain strong in Pakistan.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Using a mixture model to detect son preference in Vietnam.

Son preference is strong in Vietnam, according to attitudinal surveys and studies of contraceptive prevalence and birth hazards. These techniques assume a single model is valid for all families, but it is more plausible that son preference is found for some, but not all, families. Heterogeneous preferences may be addressed with a mixture model. This paper specifies and estimates a two-Weibull regression model, applied to the interval between the second and third births. The data come from the Vietnam Living Standards Survey of 1992-93. Applying information criteria, graphs, and martingale-based residuals, the two-Weibull model is found to fit better than a one-Weibull model. Roughly half of parents have son preference and, curiously, a propensity for fewer children. The other group has more children, no son preference, and is colourless in the sense that the birth interval is difficult to predict on the basis of the regressors used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Calmodulin and son of sevenless dependent signaling pathways regulate midline crossing of axons in the Drosophila CNS.

The establishment of axon trajectories is ultimately determined by the integration of intracellular signaling pathways. Here, a genetic approach in Drosophila has demonstrated that both Calmodulin and Son of sevenless signaling pathways are used to regulate which axons cross the midline. A loss in either signaling pathway leads to abnormal projection of axons across the midline and these increase with roundabout or slit mutations. When both Calmodulin and Son of sevenless are disrupted, the midline crossing of axons mimics that seen in roundabout mutants, although Roundabout remains expressed on crossing axons. Calmodulin and Son of sevenless also regulate axon crossing in a commissureless mutant. These data suggest that Calmodulin and Son of sevenless signaling pathways function to interpret midline repulsive cues which prevent axons crossing the midline.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The role of son preference in reproductive behaviour in Pakistan.

The sex of surviving children is an important determinant of reproductive behaviour in South Asia in general and Pakistan in particular. This cohort study evaluates the role of the sex of children on reproductive intentions and subsequent behaviour of women in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan. The analysis is based on two rounds of surveys conducted in 1990-91 and 1995 of a cohort of married women aged 15-49 years. The results show that pregnancies became increasingly unwanted as the number of surviving sons increased. The sex of surviving children was strongly correlated with subsequent fertility and contraceptive behaviour. However, rather than an exclusive son preference, couples strove for one or more sons and at least one surviving daughter. The policy implications of the link between overt son preference and low status of women are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Desired family size and son preference among Hispanic women of low socioeconomic status.

Among 432 Hispanic women aged 18-50 interviewed at a Los Angeles obstetrics and gynecology clinic, respondents reported wanting an average of 2.8 sons but only 0.1 daughters. Being older than 30, having no more than an eighth grade education, being separated, divorced or widowed, being Spanish-speaking or having been born outside the United States, and having a large family of origin were all positively associated with a desire for a greater number of sons. A multivariate analysis indicated that women who preferred to speak Spanish were 10.9 times as likely as those who preferred English to desire a greater number of sons, and those with more children were 2.5 times as likely as those with fewer children to have a strong desire for sons. Family planning programs for Hispanics may be more effective if they acknowledge this important motive for childbearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Plasma cortisol levels following ethanol in sons of alcoholics and controls.

We used the pattern of change in plasma cortisol level following ethanol challenges to help characterize differences in response to alcohol in sons of alcoholics and controls. Thirty healthy, drinking young adult sons of alcoholics were matched with 30 sons of nonalcoholics on demography, drug use, and alcohol use histories. Each was tested on three occasions, when he received, in random order, placebo, 0.75 mL/kg of ethanol, and 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol. Subsequent blood samples for cortisol determinations were obtained every 30 minutes over the next four hours. The sons of alcoholics, at higher risk for the future development of alcoholism, demonstrated lower cortisol levels after drinking. The data are consistent with our prior measures of self-reported feelings of intoxication and family group differences in ethanol-induced decrements in performance.

Adult↗