Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Somatotypes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The correlations of somatotypes and the total ridge count in Russian men of the White Sea area].

Under investigation there were 158 Russian men of the city of Arkhangelsk and Arkhangelsk Province aged from 18 to 30 years. The total ridge count (TRC) and indices of the body constitution (according to V. M. Shevkunenko--A. M. Geselevich) were studied: relative length of the trunk (RLT), relative length of lower extremities, relative width of the shoulders and relative width of the pelvis. The hypothesis of normal distribution of these indices was confirmed by the chi-square criterion. The division into groups of dolicho- (DS), meso- and brachymorphic somatotypes (BS) was performed according to each sign and with special reference to limits X+/-S. Comparison of people of BS and DS groups has revealed significant differences only for RLT. The correlation coefficient proved to be valuable exceptionally for RLT. The method of succession analysis has shown that the least amount of observations for the determination of significant differences according to TRC is required in somatotyping according to RLT. Further investigations with other parameters of somatotyping require considerable amount of observations. The correlation analysis has determined the significant correlation coefficient for RLT only. A conclusion is made of the correlation of finger patterns and TRC with the rate of growing processes of organism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of somatotype of man in cranio-facial personality identification].

On the basis of their independent research and through the analysis of published data the authors suggested quantitative criteria for the diagnosis of a somatotype of man by the dimensional features of the face and skull. M. A. Negasheva method, based on the discriminative analysis of 7 measurement features, was used in the individual diagnosis of a somatotype by V. V. Bunaka scheme (somatotypes-pectoral, muscular, abdominal and indefinite). The authors suggest 2 diagnostic models based on the linear and discriminative analysis of 11 and 7 measurement features for the skull. The diagnostic accuracy in case of main male som-atotypes makes 87 and 64.4%, respectively, with the canonic correlations of 0.574 and 0.292. The designed methods can be used in forensic medicine for the cranio-facial and portrait expertise.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2005

[Somatotype of women of the Stavropol region with mammary gland pathology].

The aim of this study was to determine the somatotypic characteristics of women living in Stavropol region, both healthy persons and patients with mammary cancer. 105 women of second period of mature age and of eldery age were examined. For somatotype assessment the scheme of V.P. Chtetzov et al. (1979) was used. Age peculiarities of morphological typing were demonstrated that revealed the dominance of athletic type in mature age and mesoplastic type in the elderly one. The analysis of anthropometric parameters of women with oncological pathology in the indicated periods of ontogenesis has demonstrated a predominance of a mesomorphic vector in shaping their somatotype. The marker signs possessing the greatest informative value in mammary cancer patients of a second period of mature age were the low values of thickness of brachial and breast adipose folds. These signs are suggested as criteria for the formation of groups of risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The somatotype in a group of "top" free-climbers.

Thirty-one "top" level european free-climbers (FC) aged 26.1 +/- 4.3 years old, have been measured according to the Health/Carter anthropometric somatotype method, in order to collect data on the morphotypes needed to excel in this not well established sporting activity. The average somatotype for FC revealed to be: mesomorph-ectomorph (2.0 +/- 0.6; 4.0 +/- 0.8; 3.7 +/- 0.9), a facies found in the 54.8% of the performers. With their 8.3% FAT%, they fall inside the category of lean athletes, a well stated feature found in all those activities demanding endurance. When compared with 25 "sedentary" young italians aged 21.7 years old, FC showed to differ significantly in: weight, mean of the sum of the skinfolds, upper arm and geminal circumferences, RPI (reciprocal of the ponderal index), ectomorph component (less than .01). Concluding, their somatotype appeared to be similar to that of athletes whose fatness is lower, to some adolescent performers and to some extra-European cohorts of males living in stressing habitats.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Somatotypes of the world's leading young football players].

At the international tournament in 1982 in Moscow and Tashkent 254 leading footballers of the world from 10 national young combined teams have been undergone an anthropological examination. In all the persons examined main total body dimensions, fat mass in per cent and somatotype after B. Hint and J. Carter have been determined. The leading footballers of the world are of more than middle height and tall, the body mass is proportional to its length, the fat mass values are not great. Their specific somatotype is well-balanced mesomorphic and ectomesomorphic types. The average somatotype of the footballers examined can be presented as 1.7-5.6-2.6. The data obtained can be used when selecting and complexing national combined teams with perspective sportsmen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Age changes and comparison of somatotypes during 20 to 80 years in Jat-Sikh and Bania females of Punjab (India).

The research paper deals with the age changes and comparison of somatotype components of Jat-Sikh and Bania females during 20 to 80 years. The former community is traditionally engaged in farming, while the latter is specialized in business and commerce. Anthropometric data on 502 Jat-Sikh and 510 Bania females have been collected from different villages and cities of Punjab. Each subject has been somatotyped using the Heath-Carter method (Heath & Carter, 1967). The Bania females have higher ratings of endo- and mesomorphic components than Jat-Sikh females at all ages, but the differences are significant only up to the sixties. The ectomorphic component is significantly larger in Jat-Sikh females at all ages. The different physical activity, dietary habits, and genetical factors may be responsible for a different physique of the two communities. The changes in somatotypes with age are of a minor nature. Significant differences exist in only a few groups. The endomorphic component remains dominant throughout the period of study in both the communities.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Body composition and somatotype characteristics of junior Olympic athletes.

Body composition and somatotype were determined in Junior Olympic competitors to evaluate the structural characteristics concomitant to high proficiency in various athletic activities. Underwater weighings and anthropometric determinations of somatotype were performed on 145 male and 133 female adolescent participants in national meet competition in the sports of track and field, gymnastics, diving, and wrestling. The most frequent differences within either the male or female Junior Olympic samples involved the performers in throwing events (shot put, discus, and javelin), who were taller, heavier, fatter, and of unique somatotype when compared to all or most other competitors. Additional structural differences, generally of a lesser magnitude, also existed between other groups of Junior Olympians. Differences in body composition characteristics were also noted when Junior Olympians were compared with other adolescent athletes or non-athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Minimizing injury rates in soccer through preselection of players by somatotypes.

Incidence and types of injuries were investigated among 180 Nigerian soccer players selected from 6 clubs by a stratified random technique on the basis of somatotypes. The purpose was to identify physique types that are most prone to common injuries in soccer, in the groups during an 8-week duration of intensive training. A total of 552 injuries: sprains and strains (45%), bruises and cuts (30%), dislocations (15%), fractures (5%) and concussion (5%) were recorded sustained by players who participated in the 8-week period of vigorous daily training. The study found that 45% of the meso-ectomorphs (n = 65) and 44% of the mesomorphs (n = 50) sustained injuries while 85% of the ectomorphs (n = 25) and 50% of the ectomesomorphs (n = 40) were injured. The study concluded that soccer players whose somatotypes range between meso-ectomorphic to the mesomorphic builds are less prone to injuries than their more fragile linear counterparts. It recommended that soccer players should be preselected on the basis of somatotypes and in most cases, mesomorphic and meso-ectomorphic types should be finally considered. It proposed that match referees should endeavour to enforce the soccer rules and eschew prejudice to prevent frustration-aggression reactions which are good causes of injuries to players.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1994

The somatotype of medium class Italian basketball players.

The aim of this observational study was to determine the somatotype of average basketball players (BP) and to compare them with the values found in relevant literature. Thirty-eight Italian members of "B" and "C" BP league teams were measured according to the Health/Carter anthropometric somatotype method. Since our group was, on average, made up of mesomorphic-ectomorphs (2.2-3.2-3.8), it appeared to be quite well suited to the sporting activity undertaken. However, the comparison carried out for the anthropometric variables and the somatotype scores found for higher level athletes, show that their physique lacks some of the characteristics needed to excel.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Anthropometric somatotype of Italian sport participants.

Somatotypes of 1593 young Italian sport participants (717 males and 876 females) were described and analyzed. The average somatotype for sport participants was 2.7-4.7-2.7 for males and 3.6-3.7-2.8 for females. The predominance of mesomorphy on the other two components was found in all sport-groups examined. This was particularly evident in males for gymnasts and rowers and in females for martial arts competitors. As for sexual dimorphism, females were endo-mesomorphs, while males were balanced mesomorphs. Somatotypes show statistically significant changes with the level of performance in some sport-groups with an increase in the mesomorphic component (in ballgames and martial arts) and in the endomorphic component (in swimming). Comparisons with other sport-groups from literature were greatly limited by several genetic and environmental factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Somatotype of Italian rugby players.

Our aim was to collect lacking first-hand data on Italian rugby players. The Heath/Carter anthropometric somatotype method was applied to 28 "A" League performers (RP) aged 25 +/- 3.9 years of age. Their somatotypes and dimensions were compared with those found in previous studies on athletes involved in the same sporting activity, with data collected on 25 "sedentary" young Italians, and with Bailey et al.'s study on Canadians (1982). On average, the RP group resulted as being endomorphic mesomorphs (3.1 +/- 1.1 - 5.6 +/- 1.3 - 1.4 +/- 1.1), a result that is congruent with international data. They differed significantly from the balanced mesomorph CG (2.3 +/- 1.0 - 4.5 +/- 1.2 - 2.5 +/- 1.4) for all the measurements taken, apart from bi-epycondylar width. The peculiar somatotype scores found are congruent with the needs of rugby, an aerobic-anaerobic discipline which requires performers with great muscular power associated with a capacity to furnish energy, mainly through the anaerobic metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Possible relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and morphologic somatotypes in adolescent females].

This retrospective study was conducted to verify the possibility of a relationship between morphological somatotypes and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). The sample was composed of 77 adolescent girls presenting Idiopathic Scoliosis. In every case, scoliosis was important enough to necessitate a corrective surgery. The control group (historical type) was taken from an anthropometric study done in 1990 [5]. Morphotypes were evaluated from medical slides with pre-established criteria based on Sheldon's technique [3, 4]. Three somatotype values were obtained: One for ectomorphism, a second for mesomorphism and a third for endomorphism. This classification system is calibrated in a way that the summation of these 3 values necessarily gives 7. AIS patients appear less mesomorphic with a mean value of 1,208 +/- 1.03 than the control group with a mean value of 1,923 +/- 0.89 (Student "t" test: 6,149, p < 0.0001). Based on these results, a relationship between morphological somatotypes and the presence of AIS appears possible. A more elaborate prospective study will be needed to support this hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between somatotype and some risk factors for ischemic heart disease.

The study included 635 practically healthy male subjects aged 20-60 years employed in the Plovdiv Region. Using the Heath-Carter method we differentiated among them the following somatotypes: endomorphic (135), mesomorphic (157), ectomorphic (26) and subjects not matching any somatotype and lying outside the typological diagram (317). The analysis of the relationship between the somatotypes and some risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) (cholesterol, arterial blood pressure, body mass, and body mass index) revealed the following peculiarities: the subjects lying outside the typological diagram showed the greatest predisposition for developing IHD followed by the endomorphic and mesomorphic groups. The risk for IHD in the ectomorphic group was negligible. Arterial hypertension was found in 48% of the subjects having the type lying outside the typological diagram, 31% in the endomorphic and mesomorphic groups. None of the ectomorphic subjects had elevated arterial pressure. Increased risk due to high cholesterol levels was established in the subjects outside the diagram-56.6%, while in the remaining groups it was 46%. The mean levels of triglycerides and low density lipoproteins had critical values in the subjects outside the typological diagram while the high density lipoprotein levels were the most elevated in the subjects of ectomorphic type.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Relationship of somatotype and physical characteristics to distance running performance in middle age runners.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the variance explained by somatotype, selected anthropometric variables, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) on 10 km run time. METHODS: Subjects were 19 female and 34 male moderately trained distance runners who competed in a local 10 km road race. Mean ages were 39.7 +/- 9.2 for females and 42.7 +/- 10.3 yr for males. RESULTS: Endomorphy explained 41.0% (R = 0.64, SEE = 6.5 min) of the variance in females' 10 km time, whereas body mass index explained 28.0% (R = 0.53, SEE = 7.8 min) with mesomorphy adding 10.4% (R = 0.62, SEE = 7.3 min) more explained variance in males' running times. With data combined for men and women, endomorphy explained 22.1% (R = 0.47, SEE = 7.9 min) of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that somatotype and body mass index explain a moderate portion of the variance in 10 km run performance in runners heterogeneous in ability. Muscle and muscle plus bone cross-sectional area of related running muscles does not contribute to the explained variance in men. Research seeking to explain sources of variation in running performance should consider including somatotype as an independent variable.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

BMI and Heath-Carter somatotypes of female students in Ljubljana.

Measurements of 22 anthropometric and two spirometric variables were taken from 86 healthy female students of the University of Ljubljana who were not actively engaged in sports. The BMI and Heath-Carter somatotypes were calculated according to the anthropometric method. The average value of FEVC (Forced Expiratory Vital Capacity) amounted to 4.2 liters, and that of FEV 1 (Forced Expiratory Volume 1) to 3.7 liters and they exceeded the European standards for the corresponding age and height. Central and mesomorph-endomorph somatotypes predominated, and the majority of students were classified into the second group of BMI with a normal body weight. The values of FEVC, FEV 1 and the Tiffeneau index increased in line with the ectomorphic component. No differences in the average FEVC and FEV 1 were found between BMI groups. The Tiffeneau index increased from the third to the first group. It was concluded that the ventilation measures were higher in ectomorphic students, who actually exhaled values that exceeded the requirements of standards the least of all groups. Due to rare statistically significant differences in FEVC and FEV 1 between somatotypes and BMI groups it would be necessary to repeat the analysis on a larger sample. There also appeared to be a need for new Slovenian standards.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sociosexuality in women and preference for facial masculinization and somatotype in men.

Sociosexual orientation reflects individual differences in openness to short-term sexual relationships. We predicted that women with less restricted sociosexuality would be differentially attracted to highly masculinized male faces and bodies. In 2 studies, we investigated preference for male masculinization as a function of female sociosexuality. In Study 1, 40 female university students rated the attractiveness of pictures of male faces and somatotypes differing in masculinization level. All women preferred the faces with average levels of masculinity and the mesomorph somatotype; however, women with less restricted sociosexuality found the faces of men more attractive in general and showed relatively greater preference for masculinized bodies than did women with more restricted sociosexuality. In Study 2, 56 women met with 2 equally attractive male confederates, 1 highly masculinized and 1 less masculinized, in a "speed dating" scenario. After each date, women indicated their interest in each man for short-term and long-term relationships via questionnaire. In this more naturalistic context, sociosexuality was related to an increased interest for the more highly masculinized man in the context of short-term dating. Female sociosexuality appears to be related to preferences for higher levels of male masculinization.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Body image perception, satisfaction and somatotype in male and female athletes and non-athletes: results using a novel morphing technique.

Thirty-six adults (24 males, 12 females) were assessed for anthropometric somatotype and body image (perception and satisfaction) by a novel technique using quantitative distortion of a digital still image. Software produced random distortions in nine body regions. The participants manipulated interactive slider controls to adjust each body feature in turn, recreate their perceived image and indicate their desired image. There were no differences in perception between the sexes. However, the ideal-actual differences (i.e. satisfaction) indicated that males desired larger and females smaller features, respectively, in the chest and thighs (P < 0.001) and arms and calves (P < 0.01). When the male-derived data were partitioned by sport (strength, endurance, team-sport and controls), differences were found in the perceived image size in the chest and rib regions (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Strength athletes perceived these areas to be smaller and the control group perceived these areas to be larger than the true values. Somatotype analysis indicated that the physique associated with minimal dissatisfaction was 2.0-5.0-3.0 for males and 3.0-2.5-3.0 for females. Cluster analysis, combining anthropometric and satisfaction data, revealed seven distinct subgroups distinguished by particular attributes of physical appearance. We conclude that the method is reliable and that body image includes sex-specific, anthropometric, perceptual and personality-related components.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The measurement of body fat distribution using somatotype photographs and computer-assisted imaging techniques.

A computer-assisted image analysis technique has been devised which allows the measurement of body fat distribution from archived somatotype photographs. This report describes the technique, which enables useful measurements to be extracted from somatotype photographs which were taken over 50 years ago. This paper describes the process of digitization of photographs, the measurement of body diameters using computer-assisted edge detection, the quantitative analysis of measurement error in this procedure, and validation techniques employed.

Adipose Tissue↗