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PubMed2003

Protecting children from chemical exposure: social work and U.S. social welfare policy.

Evidence suggests that the combinations of over 70,000 to 75,000 chemicals in air, land, water, and food to which children are exposed daily are instrumental in increasing the rates and severity of preventable childhood illness from asthma, leukemia, and other diseases. This article defines chemical contamination and reviews data regarding the ubiquity of toxic chemicals in the United States. It describes major risk pathways to fetuses and children at different developmental stages and discusses evidence regarding exposure and harm to children from chemical contamination. The adequacy of national social welfare and environmental policies is assessed and policy-level interventions are recommended to address the unique vulnerability of children--especially children who are poor and children of color-to toxic chemicals. The authors review the roles for social workers in protecting current and future generations from environmental contaminants.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[Quality assurance in clinical social work: how do social workers judge the success of their interventions?].

Therapy outcome is an important criterium for quality assurance. In this study, clinical social workers themselves estimated the outcome of their interventions in 2643 admissions of 2038 patients to a psychiatric hospital. These inpatients had been referred by a psychiatrist to the social worker and comprised 27 % of all patients admitted to the hospital within 11 years. The study purpose was to investigate how the outcome estimates relate to clinical and sociodemographic variables of the patients, to their specific problems, and to the applied interventions. The fewer areas of problems were perceived and the more interventions were performed, the more positive these interventions were evaluated. Administrative interventions were seen as more successful than counseling. Outcome estimates were particularly positive in long and intensive therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Time management in health care social work.

Health care social workers face significant problems in controlling and managing time. Among the causes are increased demands for service, economy measures in health care, and the concurrent responsibility which social workers often have for both ongoing case management and crisis coverage. Individuals and social work departments can increase productivity through streamlining case management, increasing use of available resources, and generating new resources. With planning and preparation, many emergencies can be moved into the expected work flow. The social work profession needs to address time management problems and expectations in a more realistic and systematic way.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed2003

The future of health social work.

The practice of social work in health care is at a critical juncture, and laces an uncertain future. The authors provide an overview of the challenges facing social work practice within the health care setting, as well as recommendations for enhancing social work practice and education. Challenges discussed include economic factors, demographic changes, and technological advances influencing the practice of social work in health care. The need for a proactive stance among social work professionals and educators is promoted. The proposed changes are intended to stimulate discussion and an exchange of ideas needed to maintain Social Work's relevance and integrity in the evolving health care delivery system.

Consumer Advocacy↗
PubMed1997

Rural hospital social work: views of physicians and social workers.

The existence of rural hospitals is financially tenuous due to the Prospective Payment system, which differentially reimburses rural facilities at lower rates than urban facilities. Physicians and hospital social workers provide services within these severely cost-conscious organizations to patients from communities, which are also aftercare resource poor. Given these multiple constraints, rural physicians' expectations of hospital social workers is integral to effective collaboration and social service provision. However, no prior investigation of these rural professionals exists. This research investigated the expectations of rural physicians and social workers regarding social work in the acute care rural hospital. The findings identify areas of disagreement and have implications for professional collaboration and education for rural hospital practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

The key to the growth of social work in Broadmoor.

Social work is a relatively new discipline at Broadmoor. Author examines the role of social work in special hospitals and contends that its intervention with patients is influenced not only by the limitation of the institutions but also by the need to educate outside agencies about the special problems involved.

Dangerous Behavior↗
PubMed2003

Beyond individual rights and freedoms: metaethics in social work research.

Increasingly, social workers are called on to demonstrate the efficacy of their interventions and to contribute to knowledge building in the social sciences. Although social workers have a long tradition of practice ethics, less attention has been given to the unique dimensions of research ethics for social workers. A social work model of research ethics would consider how to balance highly valued ethical principles that are individually focused, such as self-determination and nonmalfeasance (the obligation to do no harm), with equally important values that have a collective focus, such as justice and beneficence (the obligation to bring about good). This article reviews current principles guiding research ethics, such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmalfeasance, and justice and provides an outline of the salient issues for social workers as they strive to address individual and collective interests in research endeavors, such as a greater emphasis on the social justice mission and the need to ensure that social justice objectives do not obscure individual rights and freedoms. The article concludes with preliminary recommendations for developing a social work perspective in research ethics.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMed1997

Humor in the emergency room: a social work perspective.

Social workers can learn much about the uses of humor from workers in the turbulent and fast-paced atmosphere of a large city hospital emergency room in which it flourishes. This article illustrates staff use of five varieties of humor in this stressful and sometimes dangerous setting: (1) tension-relieving nonsense, (2) play on words, (3) sense of the preposterous and incongruous, (4) gallows humor, and (5) foolish jest. Above all, this article discusses the ability to endure day after day the occurrence of unspeakable trauma.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed2004

Motivational strategies with alcohol-involved older adults: implications for social work practice.

Social workers and other health care professionals address problem drinking by older adults inconsistently. Reasons include client-related variables (for example, denial and poor information), practitioner-related factors (for example, inadequate knowledge about addictive behaviors, underdeveloped assessment tools, and limited empirically validated treatment options), and societal factors associated with "ageism." This article explores the nature and extent of problem drinking among older adults and barriers to assistance. The article outlines practice strategies that draw on motivational interviewing principles and a client's motivational readiness to change for reaching out to older adults, assessing their needs, and encouraging them to seek assistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Terminal cancer: a challenge for social work.

The social worker interested in providing service to terminally ill cancer patients and their families must begin with careful self-assessment and with clarity about her goals. The tasks to which she can then address herself are: helping her clients (1) explore their feelings and behavioral options, (2) communicate as openly as possible with their significant others, and (3) become aware of resources outside themselves. A fourth task is helping her co-professionals from other disciplines increase their effectiveness.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1993

Positive aspects of hospice social work.

Hospice social workers are important members of the hospice team. They deal with many issues, including logistics such as appointments or drawing up a will, as well as more complex issues such as the recurrent nature of denial. How can workers better understand and deal with their challenges?

Denial, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

How much do young offenders need social work?

The current orthodoxy in social work with young offenders centres on the twin themes of justice and systems management. The first beseeches social work to use mechanisms, such as the 1982 Criminal Justice Act, as a means of improving the juvenile court process. The second seeks to provide a clear alternative to custody by redefining Intermediate Treatment as a strategy aimed primarily at "heavy end" offenders. The recent news that the numbers of those receiving Youth Custody has risen sharply since the implementation of the above Act, only serves to amplify the importance of the debate about what kind of social work young offenders should receive. The current implication for both the courts and social work practice is that justice is not being done and diversion not being achieved. However, should social work respond by concentrating the vast majority of its endeavours in one particular area, then it would clearly have major implications both for practice and for the allocation of resources. It would therefore have an effect on the kind of social work young offenders might receive and hence how much such a service may be required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The incidence of work-related illness in the UK health and social work sector: The Health and Occupation Reporting network 2002-2003.

BACKGROUND: In the United Kingdom, The Health and Occupation Reporting network (THOR) collects incidence data on work-related illness. THOR data show that the health and social work sector generates a high proportion of case reports. This study analyses the most recent data for the health and social work sector, from 2002 to 2003. METHODS: Cases returned to the Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity (OPRA) scheme and three other specialist schemes (Surveillance of Occupational Stress and Mental Illness, Musculoskeletal Occupational Surveillance Scheme and occupational skin surveillance) were analysed. Estimates of incidence rates for stress-related illness, musculoskeletal disorders and skin disease were calculated using two denominators. RESULTS: In this period, 23% (11,016/47,437) of all estimated cases in THOR were in health and social work sector employees. In OPRA, in the health and social work sector, annual average incidence rates per 100,000 calculated using Labour Force Survey (LFS) data as the denominator were 51.2 for mental illness, 35.9 for musculoskeletal disorders and 10.4 for skin disease; using McDonald's data as the denominator the corresponding rates were 119.5, 83.7 and 24.3. In the specialist THOR schemes, annual average incidence rates per 100,000 using LFS data as the denominator were 18.4 (mental illness), 6.1 (musculoskeletal disorders) and 15.3 (skin disease). CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the importance of collecting information on incident cases and denominators, to allow calculation of occupational disease rates. The higher incidence of mental illness (compared with musculoskeletal and skin disorders) in this employment sector merits further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Developing geriatric social work competencies for field education.

Preparing social workers to effectively practice with the growing older population requires the identification of geriatric competencies for the profession. The John A. Hartford Geriatric Social Work Initiative provided the impetus and direction for a national strategy to improve the quality of preparation of geriatric social workers. The Geriatric Social Work Practicum Partnership Program (PPP) is the project with the Hartford Initiative that emphasizes field education. The Geriatric Social Work Education Consortium (GSWEC), one of the PPP programs, initiated the development of competencies for work with older adults. GSWEC utilized Geriatric Social Work White Papers and the pioneering work of the Council on Social Work Education's (CSWE) Strengthening Aging and Gerontology Education for Social Work's (SAGE-SW) comprehensive competency list as well as conducted focus groups locally to delineate key competencies for field education. The Coordinating Center for the PPP, located at the New York Academy of Medicine, led in collaboratively developing knowledge based skill competencies for geriatric social work across all 6 demonstration sites (11 universities). The competencies adopted across sites include skills in the following five major domains: values and ethics; assessment (individuals and families, aging services, programs and policies); practice and interventions (theory and knowledge in practice, individual and family, aging services, programs and practice) interdisciplinary collaboration; and evaluation and research. The identified competencies have proven effective in evaluating students (n = 190) pre- and post PPP field education. The implications for further development of competency driven education for geriatric social work are discussed.

Aged↗