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Results for “Social Perception”

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PubMed2004

The role of subclinical paranoia on social perception and behavior.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of subclinical paranoia on social perception and behavior. Two groups of participants, those high and low in subclinical paranoia, were identified based on extreme scores on the Paranoia Scale (PS). As expected, persons high in subclinical paranoia had greater depression, social anxiety, self-consciousness, and lower self-esteem compared to persons low in subclinical paranoia. In addition, persons high in subclinical paranoia performed worse than persons low in subclinical paranoia on laboratory measures of emotion perception and on an in vivo social perception task. Finally, behavioral differences between these two groups were revealed: Persons high in subclinical paranoia sat further away from the examiner and took longer to read the consent form than low-paranoia persons. These behavioral differences were not due to the group differences in clinical functioning, indicating that level of paranoia generally accounted for these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Nonverbal social perception and symptomatology in schizophrenia.

This study examined the relationship between nonverbal social perception and symptomatology in schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients (n=28) and normal controls (n=28) were given the profile of nonverbal sensitivity test (PONS). Patients' symptoms were rated with the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). Schizophrenic subjects performed significantly more poorly than normal subjects in their ability to decode nonverbal cues. In addition, normal subjects improved their accuracy significantly more than patients when provided with additional cues per scene to decode. The patients' total PONS score was not significantly correlated with the BPRS summary scores for positive or negative symptoms, but was significantly correlated with the individual positive symptom of conceptual disorganization. Subjects classified as having paranoid schizophrenia (n=11) on the basis of chart diagnoses performed significantly better on the PONS than did undifferentiated schizophrenic subjects (n=13). The discussion reviews how these results contribute to our understanding of social deficits in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Social perceptions of nurses].

The purpose of this study was to scale nurses' social perception through the psychophysics method of category estimation. Therefore, undergraduate students from the areas of psychology, nursing, dentistry and medicine were invited to participate in the study. Results showed: 1) in our environment the characteristic tidy has a central role, and with the characteristic responsible form nurse's stereotype and 2) the high correlations among the category estimations of the sub-groups reflect a great concordance in the levels of attributions given by different samples of university students regarding the characteristics of the nurse professional, indicating that the estimations are stabilized among the samples.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

Cognitive correlates of social perception in students with learning disabilities.

In investigating possible explanations for social skills deficits in students with learning disabilities, researchers have examined social perception-the interpretation of behavior in order to understand the thoughts and feelings of others. This study specifically examined cognitive correlates of social perception in individuals with learning disabilities. Thirty-two students with learning disabilities in elementary grades were measured on three subtests (Comprehension, Picture Arrangement, and Digit Span) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and on the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity. Both Picture Arrangement and Comprehension seemed to have an inherent relation to social perceptual functioning. Implications of these results are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1991

A reassessment of the role of ethnicity in children's social perception.

This study examines the salience of ethnicity in 8- and 11-year-old children's social categorizations and preference judgements. Unlike previous research, children were afforded the possibility of responding to photographs of target persons on the basis of either individual characteristics (expressed affect) or group characteristics (ethnicity and gender), and it was found that ethnicity was seldom used as a basis for categorizing persons, nor was it widely implicated in judgements of preference. Since this study was conducted in an area virtually devoid of ethnic minority groups, a replication was undertaken in an inner city area of London. Apart from the finding that ethnicity appeared to be a fairly salient basis for categorization amongst the 8-year-old children, results essentially similar to those of the first study were obtained. Implications of the data for children's social perception are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1998

The effects of computer simulated facial plastic surgery on social perception by others.

Previous studies have demonstrated the remarkable impact of facial plastic surgery on the perception of facial features. However, pre- and postoperative differences other than the surgically changed features such as facial expression, hairstyle, make-up etc., have influenced the results of previous studies. To exclude these visual cues a computer composite photograph of the changed feature mounted upon the preoperative photograph, instead of the standard postoperative photograph, was presented to observers in this study. Computer graphic technology was used to superimpose the postoperative, surgically changed facial features such as the nose, ear and chin of 16 patients on standardized preoperative photographs. The randomized preoperative photographs and the 'postoperative' composed images were presented to 67 subjects, using a person-perception questionnaire. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a more favourable postoperative judgement in only two patients (12.5%). The exclusive effect of facial plastic surgery on the social perception of patients by others when excluding visual cues, such as facial expression, hairstyle, make-up etc, is limited. It is tentatively assumed that the role played by facial plastic surgery is one of initiating a positive cycle by changing the patient's self-perception rather than one of direct social impact from the changed features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Social perception of AIDS in the general public: a French study.

The paper presents the results of the first national survey about social perception of AIDS in a representative sample of the French general public (which was carried out in June 1987). A large majority of the French public (73.1% of respondents) support mandatory screening for HIV, and a significant part (21.9% of respondents) even favours isolation of AIDS patients. Results show the relations between false beliefs on transmission of AIDS by casual contact and willingness to agree with measures that carry a great danger of stigmatization for AIDS patients and HIV carriers; but strong correlations between support of coercive measures for prevention of AIDS and similar opinions on other controversial issues suggest that, for a fraction of the public, attitudes about AIDS are rather determined by a priori ideological and ethical values than by risk perception of the disease per se. Results also suggest that any ambiguity in scientific information about AIDS may increase social pressure, even among the most educated part of the population, for unnecessary measures. Tentative conclusions for public policy on prevention and information about AIDS are drawn.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Abstinence and well-being among members of Alcoholics Anonymous: personal experience and social perceptions.

The authors examined the subjective experience of well-being (WB) among abstinent Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members and social perceptions of an abstinent alcoholic's WB among 3 nonalcoholic French-Canadian samples: male police officers, Catholic nuns, and university women. The short-term abstinent AA members, along with the university women, reported the lowest self-ratings of WB, whereas the Catholic nuns reported the highest. However, among the abstinent AA members, the level of WB was positively related to the length of abstention. The 3 nonalcoholic groups evaluated an abstinent AA member more positively than a nonabstinent alcoholic. These evaluations of an abstinent AA member converged with the AA members' self-evaluations on the measure of WB.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social perception and the nurse educator.

This article illustrates how psychological theory may be applied to nurse education. Nurse educators need to be aware of the impact of social perception, i.e. perception of others and perception of self, if they are to be objective and effective in teaching and assessing student nurses.

Faculty, Nursing↗
PubMed1990

"Do I know you?" The role of significant others in general social perception.

This research used an idiographic method to examine the proposition that significant others are mentally represented as well-organized person categories that can influence social perception even more than representations of nonsignificant others, stereotypes, or traits. Together, Studies 1 and 2 showed that significant-other representations are richer, more distinctive, and more cognitively accessible than the other categories. Study 3 replicated the accessibility data and gauged inferential power by indirectly activating each category in a learning trial about a fictional person and then testing recognition memory. The results showed that participants made more category-consistent false-positive errors about targets who activated significant others vs. any other category. This constitutes the first experimental demonstration of transference and has implications both for social categorization and for basic personality processes.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

How social perception can automatically influence behavior.

Do we always know the reasons for our actions? Or is our behavior sometimes unknowingly and unintentionally influenced by what we have recently perceived? It has been traditionally assumed that the automatic influence of knowledge in memory is limited to people's interpretation of the world, and stops short of shaping their actual behavior. Researchers in experimental social psychology have begun to challenge this assumption by documenting how people's behaviors can be unknowingly influenced by knowledge that is incidentally activated in memory during social perception. We review findings that suggest that the social knowledge that is incidentally activated while reading words or imagining events subsequently affects participants' behaviors across a range of ostensibly unrelated domains.

Association Learning↗
PubMed2006

[Towards a new social perception of people with disabilities: legislation, medicine and the work-disabled in Spain (1900-1936)].

This paper aims to analyse the role played by Medicine, against a background of social reform in the first third of the 20th Century, in helping to shape the nature of disabilities in Spain. We look at the legislation passed to regulate occupational accidents and the institutions set up to look after accident victims with physical or functional disabilities from the perspective developed in the new academic field of disability studies and using scientific and professional journals as well as documentation from Spain's legislative chambers as our main sources. We attempt to examine the extent to which these developments helped to transform the existing social perception of people with disabilities.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Transference in social perception: the role of chronic accessibility in significant-other representations.

Research has shown that the activation and application of a significant-other representation to a new person, or transference, occurs in everyday social perception (S. M. Andersen & A. Baum, 1994; S. M. Andersen & S. W. Cole, 1990). Using a combined idiographic and nomothetic experimental paradigm, two studies examined the role of chronic accessibility of significant-other representations in transference. After learning about 4 fictional people, 1 of whom resembled a significant other, participants' recognition memory was assessed. Both studies showed greater false-positive memory in the significant-other condition, relative to control, even in the absence of priming. Study 2 showed that although the effect was greater when the significant-other representation was concretely applicable to the target information, it occurred even when no such applicability was present. Results implicate the chronic accessibility of significant-other representations in transference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Social perception of caloric value.

Studies on obesity and overweight measure the actual caloric amount in the foods selected or consumed. However, the food choices of individuals partly depend, if weight is a concern, on their social perception of caloric values of various foods. The study concerned the accuracy of 53 males and 82 females of various weight categories in their perception of the caloric content of various types of food. The more females weigh the more calories they perceive in food while the more males weigh the less calories they perceive in food. Both males and females overestimate the caloric content of desserts, particularly in comparison to main dishes like meat and potatoes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Teen internet use: relating social perceptions and cognitive models to behavior.

In order to provide Internet researchers with a better understanding of how and why individuals adopt some online behaviors and not others, this study targets teenage Internet users to examine the relationships among social influence and self-regulatory models as mechanisms to the behavior of Internet use. Information, entertainment, and social online activities are presented as three distinct uses of the Internet so corresponding behavioral models of adoption could be tested. Results from 173 high school students indicate that direct and vicarious social perceptions significantly influence self-regulation, which subsequently has an effect on use. Using path analyses to test the direct and indirect theoretical relationships among these constructs, the data indicates that while clearly fitting two of the three models tested, three unique processes to adoption are evident.

Adolescent↗