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PubMed1997

Sexual development in patients treated for cryptorchidism.

An analysis of sexual development was carried out in adult patients treated in childhood for cryptorchidism. Forty-seven healthy men served as a control group. The cryptorchid patients had been treated between the ages of 10 months to 13 years and their ages ranged from 16 to 30 years at follow-up. The onset of puberty, and sexual development, were within normal limits in all patients, although spermarche occurred somewhat later in the patients than in the controls. In addition, the patients were on average slightly less sexually active than the controls. Neither age at the time of treatment nor the method of treatment correlated with current sexual activity. The patients with larger testes were, however, sexually more active. Both treatment age and the method of treatment, whether hormonal or surgical, should be selected on the basis of fertility prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Sexual development and life of psychiatric female patients.

Using a structured interview and four questionnaires we examined the sexual development and life in the following groups of psychiatric female patients: 51 with schizophrenia, 50 with manic-depressive psychoses, 50 with neuroses, 30 with hysterical psychopathic personality, and 20 with anorexia nervosa. The results were compared with a control group of 101 gynecological spa patients. The sexual development of the schizophrenic patients was found to be retarded, whereas that of the patients with anorexia nervosa accelerated in the initial stages. The sexual development of patients with hysterical personality was found to be disharmonious. No differences were found between patients with manic-depressive psychoses and the control group as far as the sex life in adulthood is concerned. However, all the other groups of psychiatric patients showed decreased sexual activity and/or reactivity. Sexual dysfunctions in the female psychiatric population are frequent, especially with schizophrenic patients, females with anorexia nervosa, and with hysterical personality. The etiological factors responsible for these sex disturbances are different in the individual groups of psychiatric patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual development and activity of men with disturbances of somatic development.

By means of Questionnaires HTDM and SAM the heterosexual development and sexual activity were investigated in the following groups of males: 1. the control group consists of 345 married men from sterile marriages, who were adequately developed somatosexually, had normozoospermia in the ejaculate and a good potency; 2. in 48 unilateral and 57 bilateral adult cryptorchids; 3. in 101 married men with a distinct testicular hypoplasia, the long axis of both sexual glands being shorter than 30 mm; 4. in 110 patients with a Klinefelter's syndrome; 5. in 14 patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Whereas the retardation of heterosexual development was found only in two groups (group 4 and 5), a distinctly lowered activity in sex life was ascertained in all four pathological samples.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

The regulation of membrane fusion during sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum.

During the first 24 h of sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum, three sequential events of membrane fusion occur: gamete fusion, pronuclear fusion, and phagocytosis. The early events of sexual development are regulated by a diverse group of endogenous molecules: (i) a volatile sexual pheromone, (ii) a protein cell fusion inducing factor (CFIF), (iii) a low molecular weight autoinhibitor, (iv) and cyclic AMP. CFIC enhances cell fusion while the autoinhibitor and cyclic AMP both inhibit the event. Both extracellular and intracellular calcium ions are essential for cell and pronuclear fusion. Pharmacological analyses show that the intracellular functions of the divalent cation in these processes are mediated by calmodulin. The autoinhibitor appears to function by inhibiting calmodulin activity. Glucose, mannose, and N-acetylglucosamine containing glycoproteins have been shown to function in both cell fusion and phagocytosis. The interplay between all of these diverse molecules is examined and a review of all of the recent literature is presented.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMed2002

His-to-Asp phosphorelay circuitry for regulation of sexual development in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has three histidine kinases (Phk1/Mak2, Phk2/Mak3, and Phk3/Mak1), and two response regulators (Mcs4 and Prr1). The results of recent extensive studies on the S. pombe His-to-Asp phosphorelay circuitry suggested that it is involved in oxidative stress responses through the transcriptional regulation of several scavenger genes for toxic free radicals. The functions of these histidine kinases have not yet been fully characterized. Here we characterize a homothallic (h90) mutant lacking the genes for all the histidine kinases, with special reference to sexual development. Homothallic phk1/2/3delta cells underwent mating precociously in a nitrogen-deficient medium. Surprisingly, the mutant cells underwent mating even in a nitrogen-sufficient medium, under which conditions wild-type cells did so rarely if at all. Under anaerobic (or microaerobic) growth conditions, wild-type cells did not undergo sexual development even in a nitrogen-deficient medium, but the homothallic phk1/2/3delta cells mated efficiently. Oxidative reagents such as H2O2 induced sexual development in wild-type cells grown anaerobically. On the basis of these results, we propose the novel view that the S. pombe His-to-Asp phosphorelay, initiated by the Phk histidine kinases, is crucial for regulation of sexual development. This Phk-mediated signaling pathway is linked to the well-documented canonical pathway for induction of the sexual development, in that both converge at the initiation of meiosis through activation of ste11+, mam2+, and mei2+ transcription.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed2003

Subtotal splenectomy for treatment of retarted growth and sexual development associated with splenomegaly.

This communication presents a new alternative for the treatment of retarded growth and sexual development associated with spleno- megaly: subtotal splenectomy, preserving the upper splenic pole supplied only by the splenogastric vessels, to avoid adverse effects of total splenectomy. We performed this procedure associated with central splenorenal shunt or portal-variceal disconnection in 3 teenagers with portal hypertension due to Schistosomia-sis Mansoni, complicated by variceal bleedings. All of them presented retarded growth and sexual development. All patients had uneventful postoperative follow-up, and normal growth and sexual development after the surgery. Subtotal splenectomy should be considered for treatment dwarfism associated with splenomegaly.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Effect of melatonin supplementation on the sexual development in European quail (Coturnix coturnix).

At the end of their wintering phase, male European quails were exposed to a stimulation photoperiod of light/dark 12:12 h for 10 days to induce sexual development. A daily oral melatonin supplementation was then given to one group of treated males (N=11) and the alcohol solvent was given to a control group of males (N=10). These solutions were provided during the final 3 h of the photophase for 28 days, then during the final 4 h for 18 days. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to fat levels. However, 3 weeks after the beginning of melatonin supplementation, the sexual development of the treated birds slowed down. The importance of this decline varied to a greater or lesser degree between individual birds. When melatonin supplementation stopped, sexual development resumed. Activity recordings revealed a decrease in feeding activity when melatonin supplementation was provided. However, this response showed important interindividual variability. The birds that produced the most marked responses to melatonin during the first 3 weeks of supplementation were those that also showed the most obvious decline in sexual development. It seems that, in European quail, a wild migratory species that always shows a natural biological annual rhythm, a melatonin signal could play a role in regulating reproduction.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Features of indoleamine metabolism in adolescent girls with delayed sexual development].

Indolamine metabolism was studied in 203 patients with retarded sexual development of different genesis and in 116 girls of the same age. Considerable disorders in the level of serotonin and the products of its metabolism: 5-oxy-indoleacetic acid and melatonin, a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland--were found in abnormal sexual maturation. The nature of revealed changes depended, to a large extent, on genesis of disease which could be used for differential diagnosis of different forms of retarded sexual development. Possible involvement of indolamines in pathogenetic mechanisms ensuring the formation of a pathological process, was discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Testicular function, secondary sexual development, and social status in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx).

Positive correlations between dominance rank and plasma testosterone levels have been described for adult males of several primate species in captivity, but the relevance of such observations to free-ranging animals is unclear. CIRMF in Gabon maintains a breeding group of 45 mandrills in a six hectare, naturally rainforested enclosure. This study describes correlations between dominance rank (in agonistic encounters), levels of plasma testosterone, testicular volume, body weight, and development of secondary sexual characteristics (red and blue sexual skin on the muzzle and rump areas) in male mandrills under semifree ranging conditions. Two morphological and social variants of adult male mandrill were identified. Large-rumped or fatted adult males (n = 3) remained in the social group and exhibited maximal development of sexual skin coloration as well as large testicular size and highest plasma testosterone levels. By contrast, slimmer-rumped or nonfatted males (n = 3) lived a peripheral or solitary existence and these exhibited less development of their secondary sexual coloration and had smaller testes and lower plasma testosterone levels. Longitudinal studies of gonadal development in these six males revealed that testicular volumes and plasma testosterone levels increased most rapidly during pubertal development (4-5 years of age) in the three animals which proceeded to the fatted condition. These included the highest ranking, group-associated male which exhibited the most intense sexual skin coloration and had higher testosterone levels, although this was not correlated with testicular volume. This study shows that in the male mandrill social factors and reproductive development are interrelated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aggression↗

PubMed1996

Schizosaccharomyces pombe pcr1+ encodes a CREB/ATF protein involved in regulation of gene expression for sexual development.

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe pcr1 gene encodes a bZIP protein that apparently belongs to the cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein/activating transcription factor family. The deduced pcr1 gene product consists of 171 amino acid residues and is most similar to the mammalian CRE-BP1. A glutathione S-transferase-Pcr1 fusion protein produced in Escherichia coli was able to bind specifically to the CRE motif in vitro. Analysis with anti-Pcr1 serum suggested that Pcr1 is included in the major CRE-binding factors present in the S. pombe cell extract. Disruption of the pcr1 gene was not lethal, but the disruptant showed cold-sensitive growth on rich medium. The disruptant was also inefficient in mating and sporulation, though it was not completely sterile. Expression of the ste11 gene, which encodes a key transcription factor for sexual development, was greatly reduced in the disruptant, and overexpression of ste11+ suppressed the deficiency of the pcr1 disruptant in sexual development. It has been shown that expression of ste11 is negatively regulated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and that the loss of PKA activity results in ectopic sexual development. Disruption of pcr1 blocked ectopic sexual development. Furthermore, disruption of pcr1 reduced expression of fbp1, a glucose-repressible gene negatively regulated by PKA. These results suggest that Pcr1 is a putative transcriptional regulator whose activity may be controlled by PKA. Alternatively, its activity may be independent of PKA, and full induction of ste11 and fbp1 expression requires the function of Pcr1 in addition to elimination of the repression by PKA.

Activating Transcription Factors↗

PubMed1980

[Mental retardation and sexual development in chromosomal syndrome (author's transl)].

Mental retardation and natural sexual development appear to be a more consistent feature in the autosomal rather than in the sex chromosome anomalies. On the contrary the anatomical and functional sexual disfunction characterize the sex chromosome syndromes. An early diagnosis and a better knowledge of the chromosomal abnormalities are important for the social integration and the control of the sexual development and behaviour of this patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Structure of a gametocyte protein essential for sexual development in Plasmodium falciparum.

Malaria transmission is dependent on the development of sexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum, called gametocytes, in the vertebrate host. Pfg27 is an abundantly expressed sexual stage-specific protein that is essential for gametocytogenesis in P. falciparum. We describe the crystal structure of Pfg27, which reveals a novel fold composed of two pseudo dyad-related repeats of the helix-turn-helix motif. Structurally equivalent helices of each repeat either form a dimer interface or interact with RNA in vitro. One side of the dimer presents an unprecedented juxtaposition of four polyproline (PXXP) motifs. Preliminary binding data indicate that these sites are capable of binding Src homology-3 (SH3) modules. Molecular modeling suggests that the dimer can accommodate two SH3 modules simultaneously, potentially enabling molecular crosstalk between SH3-containing proteins. The structural and initial biochemical evidence suggests that Pfg27 may serve as a platform for RNA and SH3 binding.

Amino Acid Motifs↗

PubMed1957