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Results for “Sex Distribution”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Sex distribution of neural tube defects and their birth outcome in high- and low-prevalence areas of China].

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze epidemiological characteristics of babies with neural tube defects (NTD) by sex and birth outcome in a high-prevalence and a low-prevalence areas of China. METHODS: Birth defects surveillance data collected from 1992 through 1994, as a part of the Sino-American cooperative project on NTD prevention, were used to classify NTD as four categories, i.e., anencephaly, encephalocele, high-level and low-level spina bifida according to the sites of lesion (high vs. low level lesion were cervicothoracic and lumbosacral, respectively). Each category was sub-classified, according to single or compound defect, as isolated external defects (including those with NTD only) or multiple external defects (including those with NTD and another major external birth defects that is not the sequence of a defect such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate). The rates of anencephalus, encephalocele, high- and low-level spina bifida (SB) in males and females and their sex ratios were calculated, adjusted for urban and rural areas, season, category and birth outcome by sex and sites of lesions (high vs. low). RESULTS: Totally, 784 NTD cases were identified from 326 874 recorded births (including live births, stillbirths and fetal deaths with a gestation age of at least 20 weeks). The prevalence rates of anencephalus (1.30 per 1 000 female births) and high-level SB (3.99) in females were higher than those (0.66 and 1.66 per 1 000 male births) in males in the high-prevalence northern regions; with adjusted prevalence rates of females 1.8 - 2.1 times greater than those of males. In the low-prevalence southern regions, the prevalence of high- (0.32 per 1 000 female births) and low-level SB (0.21) in female were higher than those in males, with high- and low-level SB rate of 0.10 and 0.09 per 1 000 male births), with adjusted rates for females of 1.3 - 1.6 times higher than in males. Isolated NTD accounted for more than 80% of all NTD cases, and the prevalence of isolated NTD in females (2.57) was higher than that in males (1.40). CONCLUSIONS: The sex differences in NTD existed between north and south, in accordance with the phenotype of NTD. It suggested that proportion of high level SB and anencephalus in females could increase as the prevalence of NTD going up, anencephaly, high- and low-level SB had the different genetic and environmental background.

China↗
PubMed2006

Real-time PCR analysis of cytochrome P450 aromatase expression in zebrafish: gene specific tissue distribution, sex differences, developmental programming, and estrogen regulation.

In teleost fish, the predominant brain form of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450aromB) is a neural marker of estrogen effect, and an entry point for studying the role of hormonal and environmental estrogens on neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. As part of a project using zebrafish to investigate these issues, we developed and validated a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for quantifying and comparing P450aromB and P450aromA expression in unfertilized eggs, embryos/larvae, and dissected tissues of adult fish. Results confirm that P450aromB and -A predominate in brain and ovary, respectively, and further show that the degree of overlapping expression (ratio, B:A) is 100:1 in brain, 1:50 in ovary, 1:1 in eye, and 2:1 in testis. Sex differences were observed in eye only (female>male). When compared to whole ovaries, unfertilized eggs had similar levels of P450aromA but enrichment of P450aromB, which suggests preferential synthesis or accumulation in mature oocytes. Both of the maternally derived aromatase isoforms were rapidly degraded post-fertilization, but the onset of embryonic P450aromB expression (5 hpf) was much earlier than P450aromA (48 hpf), and reached higher maximum levels (e.g., 10-fold at 72 hpf). Consistent with earlier reports, P450aromB but not -A was estrogen-inducible, but the estrogen response system in embryos was far more robust than in adults (>100- vs. <4-fold maximal induction, respectively). Application of this real-time PCR assay to measurement of P450aromB and -A in zebrafish embryos has utility for routine screening of chemicals and environmental samples for estrogen-like bioactivity and neural effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of aging on the sex distribution of depressive disorders].

The effects of age on sex differences in depression were studied in an inpatient-sample of the Department of Psychiatry, Free University Berlin. The dependent variable depression was defined by nosological classification (ICD) and by the severity of the Depressive Syndrome of the AMP-Rating Scale on admission. With the exception of the 40-49 years olds women were more often diagnosed as depression compared to men, the preponderance of women was significant till the age of 40. With regard to the Depressive Syndrome women manifested a more pronounced symptomatology up to the age of 70. The difference diminished for male and female patients 50-69 years old and changed to a higher score for men older than 70. The results were discussed in comparison to other findings published in the last years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sex distribution, age of onset and HLA profiles in two types of multiple sclerosis. A role for sex hormones and microbial infections in the development of autoimmunity?

Fifty-four patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis were typed for HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens. HLA-DQ was not a better disease marker than the previously described HLA-DR and B markers. The patients were subdivided according to the clinical evolution of their disease, age at onset and sex. HLA-DR2 was significantly associated with females having a relapsing-remitting course of the disease and HLA-B8 and B35 were significantly associated with males having a chronic-progressive course of the disease. A role is postulated for defects in the sex hormone balance in females and for microbial infections in males as dominant environmental triggers in the development of autoreactivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anatomic, age, and sex distribution of colorectal cancer in a New York City Hispanic population.

This study was undertaken to examine the regional distribution of colorectal cancer, the age of presentation for different subsite locations of the disease and whether there is any intersex difference in frequency of the disease, in New York City Hispanics. The charts of Hispanic patients on file with the tumor registry at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York City from 1976 to 1995 were reviewed. Demographic and pathologic data including patient age and cancer location were analyzed. Lesions of the distal colon and rectum accounted for more than 70%, while right-sided lesions were found in 20.7% of patients. The male to female ratio was 47.6% to 52.4%. The overall mean age of patients was 60.4 years. Proximal lesions presented at a later age than distal lesions, 63.2 years for the right colon and 58.5 years for the rectum; this difference in ages was significant. These results suggest that Hispanic-American patients with colorectal cancer appear to be presenting at an earlier age than the general American population. Further study is needed to determine whether Hispanic women are presenting with a higher frequency of colorectal cancer than their male counterparts and whether Hispanic patients are presenting at an earlier age than the general population with colorectal malignancies and why.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[The incidence, age dependence and sex distribution of the calcaneal spur. An analysis of its x-ray morphology in 1027 patients of the central European population].

In 1027 lateral radiograms of the ankle in a Caucasian population, 161 plantar and/or dorsal calcaneal spurs (15.7%) were diagnosed. Plantar spurs were more common than dorsal spurs (11.2 and 9.3% respectively). Prevalence of both spurs increases considerably with the rising age. Dorsal spurs appear slightly earlier than plantar spurs. The spur frequencies are similar in left and right feet. The plantar spurs were significantly (p < 0.0001) more common in women than in men in general, while dorsal spurs were more frequent in men than in women up to the age of 70. The previously reported higher frequencies of plantar and dorsal calcaneal spurs in women than in men are probably a result of a disproportionally higher number of women in higher age in the groups studied. In forensic medicine, calcaneal spurs provide evidence for identity and age of unknown corpses, and to certain extend their profession, physical activities and constitution during life.

Adolescent↗