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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Treatment of Raynaud's disease: evaluation of a behavioral approach.

Eight patients with Raynaud's disease were treated with a behavioral program which included skin temperature biofeedback, relaxation training and protocol individualization based on the investigators' psychological understanding of each patient. Three patients improved clinically, although only one learned self-control of skin temperature. Anxiety reduction, brought about by relaxation or changes in the program to suit individual needs, appeared to be an important aspect of the treatment program.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Integration of occidental and oriental psychosomatic treatments.

The Oriental approach to life can contribute to the development of psychosomatic medicine in three major ways, revolving around its realization of the illusion of mind-body dualism, its development of practical somatopsychic techniques for learning self-control, and its orientation towards realizing our true nature. In our department we are currently exploring the use of both standard psychosomatic as well as a variety of somatopsychic techniques, with the ultimate goal of providing a meaningful integration of these approaches. While working to realize the integration of these varied approaches, we feel we are discovering some important clinical principles.

Body Image↗
PubMed2026

The use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in teaching musculoskeletal oncology for medical undergraduates.

INTRODUCTION: The approach to integrating relevant anatomy in the medical curriculum has been debated for many years. Current literature has explored the broad impact of 3D printing in medical education. However, there is little evidence on 3D printing for the teaching of musculoskeletal oncology (MSO). This is a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study that aims to analyse the effectiveness of 3D printed models in MSO in enhancing the learning experience, engagement and understanding of clinical and surgical anatomy for medical students. METHOD: A cross-sectional cohort study involving 75 clinical year medical students across 3 years from 2 medical schools that rotated through a single teaching hospital's orthopaedic department. Participants first viewed a set of computed-tomography (CT) images of a large pelvic osteosarcoma from a free open-source database, the Cancer Genome Atlas Sarcoma Collection (TCGA-SARC). A standardised 10-minute pre-intervention questionnaire which comprised 15 questions categorised by: 4 questions in 'anatomical knowledge', 7 questions in 'spatial awareness', 4 questions in 'surgical planning and complications', was administered to assess the baseline knowledge in their interpretation of the pathology via CT images only. Next, a 3D-printed model of the pelvic osteosarcoma, which included colour-coded adjacent structures, was provided as an adjunct to answer the same questionnaire. This concluded with a 5-point Likert scale feedback survey to gauge their perspectives and experience. RESULTS: The mean scores comparing their pre- and post-intervention assessment questionnaire increased by +1.34 from 8.15 (SD = 1.85) to 9.49 (SD = 1.7) (p < 0.001). The final year students had the greatest improvement of +1.54 from 8.00 (SD = 1.89) to 9.54 (SD = 1.59) (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the scores amongst the 2 medical schools. 91% of students agreed that the 3D model had helped them further their understanding of the anatomy of the sarcoma and 87% would want 3D printing models to augment their learning in anatomy. Baseline weaker students demonstrated significantly greater improvement in scores compared with baseline stronger students (mean difference +2.04 vs +0.30, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: 3D printing is an effective teaching adjunct for musculoskeletal oncology surgical anatomy for medical undergraduates and could be used to enhance their understanding and learning experience. 3D models could be integrated in the teaching curriculum of surgical anatomy for undergraduate students.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

The predisposition toward alcohol-related interpersonal aggression in men.

Men social drinkers participated in experimental "parties' which were videotaped and coded for instances of interpersonal aggression. Participants with a history of arguments and other aggressive acts and low scores on measures of socialization, self-control and responsibility demonstrated interpersonal aggression after heavy drinking.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Effects of intradialytic nutrition on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess intradialytic nutrition's effects on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A randomized, two-period, two-sequence, self-controlled crossover trial was conducted in two outpatient hemodialysis centers in T&#xfc;rkiye. Thirty-six patients were randomized; 32 completed both periods. The participants received standardized intradialytic nutrition in one period and no food intake during the control period. Dialysis adequacy was evaluated using the urea reduction ratio and single-pool Kt/V. Intradialytic blood pressure was recorded during dialysis sessions, and fatigue severity was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale at the end of each period. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in dialysis adequacy or fatigue scores between the two periods. Intradialytic nutrition was associated with greater reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly during the second hour of dialysis. No clinically relevant adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Intradialytic nutrition did not compromise dialysis adequacy or worsen fatigue severity but was associated with increased intradialytic blood pressure reductions. Individualized clinical decisions and careful hemodynamic monitoring are warranted when implementing intradialytic nutritional interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07687498.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of established and innovative weight-reduction treatment procedures.

A central component of a commonly used weight-loss procedure developed by Stuart (1967), which emphasizes situational engineering (SE), was compared to eating behavior control (EBC), a treatment employing reinforcement of changes in eating habits. A third treatment encouraged development of individuals' own applications of a model of self-control and attempted to provide effective feedback regarding progress toward weight-loss goals. This self-initiated treatment (SI) was designed to be less directive than many behavioral treatment packages and to be more realistic about the expectations of subjects and the actual eating habits of overweight and normalweight people. Following baseline, treatment lasted six weeks and followup lasted 16 weeks. While all treatments produced weight losses, EBC surpassed SE during treatment. SI losses during treatment did not differ from SE or EBC, but SI was the only group that lost weight throughout followup, indicating the possible utility of more subtle, less directive interventions than those that have often been associated with behavioral approaches. The results of SE question the applicability to clinical procedures of the external cue hypersensitivity theory of obesity (Schachter and Rodin, 1974), to which SE is closely related.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of handwriting problems utilizing EMG biofeedback training.

The effects of EMG biofeedback training on cursive handwriting were investigated for 4 girls and 5 boys in Grade 4. A significant reduction in EMG between the first baseline session and the last training session was obtained. Four of 5 characteristics of handwriting improved significantly. The need for carefully designed research comparing EMG biofeedback training and relaxation training was indicated. A self-control factor in handwriting was hypothesized.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1979

Changing orientations among cocaine users: consequences of involvement in community distribution networks.

A study of 44 participants in a rural community cocaine network was conducted to determine the factors associated with increased expenditures for cocaine and the consequences of such involvement. Through correlational analysis techniques, four major categories of variables were shown to be strongly related to extent of involvement: demographic, purchasing ability, supply opportunities, and cost-reduction efforts. The major effects of increased involvement were an increase in egocentrism in relations with drug-using friends, a decline in self-control over administration, heightened concerns about possession, and strengthened justifications regarding drug use.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A behavior modification training program for staff working with drug addicts.

This paper described a Behavior Modification Training Program, emphasizing self-control, for staff working with drug addicts. The program, which is primarily geared toward the training of paraprofessionals, takes place in ten 1-1/2 hour sessions and includes an overview of behavior modification as well as instruction in techniques of relaxation, desensitization, self-image improvement, behavior analysis, behavior control, assertive training, rational thinking, and how to set up and run similar behavior modification training programs for staff and patients. Since this training began at the New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institute in November 1971, a total of 898 staff members, mostly paraprofessionals working with addicts, alcoholics, mentally ill patients, and inmates, including 53 from our own institution, 576 persons from other facilities in New Jersey, and 269 from facilities in other states, have been trained, while 2,021 patients have been trained in similar programs. Most of this training has been accomplished by paraprofessionals. Preliminary evaluation data have been promising and the response of participants enthusiastic.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

[Quality and efficiency of surgery in a district-hospital (author's transl)].

Control of quality and efficiency of surgical procedures performed is of utmost importance to every surgeon. This voluntary self-control has regularly been made by us for ten years. It allows accurate statements to be made on both the level of proficiency in surgery and the effectiveness of the surgical work done.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1975

Data regarding the restorative effects of the partial removal of the liver in advanced stages of toxic cirrhosis.

The effects of subtotal hepatectomy of albino rats liver cirrhois at 6 and 9 months after the start of CCl4 administration were studied. The results were assessed through self-control and comparison with similar groups in which the spontaneous reversibility of cirrhotic lesions was followed. In the group of 6 months, the liver exeresis results in normalization of morphological and biochemical liver aspects within a period of one month from the intervention. In the group of 9 months, one may also note a stimulation of the regenerative capacity of parenchyma and marked collagenolytic effects without the complete restoration of the stroma/parenchyma ratio. It seems that the major exereses are also effective in the advanced stages of liver cirrosis once the threshold of spontaneous reversibility has been exceeded.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comprehensive rehabilitation of patients having chronic low back pain.

Seventy-two patients having chronic back pain, representative of high-risk demographic and personality populations, received a broad range of therapeutic modalities designed around the theme of self-regulation. The self-regulation principle was used in: (1) biofeedback training for teaching self-regulated muscle relaxation; (2) psychological counseling emphasizing self-control techniques for the management of stress and anxiety, including assertion training; (3) patient-regulated medication program; (4) patient involved case conferences; (5) physical therapy program emphasizing reconditoning; (6) comprehensive vocational rehabilitation services; (7) a series of educational lectures; (8) a therapeutic milieu designed for relaxation, recreation and socialization. Utilizing a success criteria of functional physical activity at discharge (average length of stay, 45 days) and levels of vocational restoration (employable, in training, or employed at 30 days postdischarge), 57 of the patients demonstrated unimpaired physical functioning levels and 59 of the patients were at success levels of vocational restoration.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Behavioral rehabilitation of nonspecific symptoms occuring after craniocerbral trauma (author's transl)].

The purpose of this study was to develop a behavioral rehabilitation program for patients with long-term nonspecific symptoms following craniocerebral trauma. In 47 patients we analyzed symptoms typical of "illness behavior" (e.g. complaining tendency, depression, irritability, psychosomatic pain, problems in job performance and social interaction) as possible targets for behavior modification. We then developed a behavioral training program to teach the patients various techniques of self-control (relaxation, desensitization, self-image training, analysis and control of illness behavior, assertiveness, performance techniques), our program being based on studies in the U.S.A. using similar approaches. For a preliminary testing two groups of 8 and 6 patients each were treated by different therapists. The patients worked through a section of the program manual prior to each group session. During the sessions proper (a total of 8 weekly two-hour sessions) the different techniques were practiced under the therapist's supervistion. In both groups a significant reduction in illness behavior as indicated on questionnaires and in 3-month follow-up was found. These encouraging results need to be further substantiated by controlled outcome studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Gingival bleeding].

Gingival bleeding is not of decisive importance in diagnosticating periodontal diseases, since various endogenous causative factors and exogenous conditions may enhance its occurrence. In the absence of periodontal disease, gingival bleeding might be a symptom of a systemic disease. Because gingival bleeding is in most cases the first sign of an affection of the tooth-supporting structures that the patient observes, it should be, for all the difficulties its substantivation, be considered in history taking and for self-control.

Gingival Hemorrhage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biofeedback and the behavioral treatment of disorders of disregulation.

This paper reviews biofeedback research from the perspective of cybernetic/feedback theory and applies the theory to the behavioral treatment of psychosomatic disorders. The concept of disregulation is used to elucidate how environmental factors can modulate the central nervous system and effect homeostatic, self-regulatory control of peripheral organs. When feedback from peripheral organs is disrupted, it is hypothesized that disregulation occurs, leading to physiological instability and functional disease. Within this framework, biofeedback provides a new feedback loop that can help individuals regain physiological self-control. Basic research using biofeedback to enhance self-regulation of cardiovascular responses is reviewed. The use of biofeedback in the behavioral treatment of disorders such as tension and migraine headache, hypertension, and epilepsy are selectively reviewed and critically evaluated. The need to consider feedback mechanisms in behavioral and biomedical approaches to treatment is highlighted. Predictions regarding the potential inadvertent perpetuation of disregulation and disease through inappropriate biomedical intervention is also considered.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Reinterpretative cognitive strategies in chronic pain management.

This preliminary study was conducted to test the effectiveness of cognitive treatment of clinical pain. Chronic pain patients were trained in a self-control cognitive strategy procedure. Specifically, they were provided with a conceptualization of their pain, instructed in an awareness of their thoughts prior to and during their experience of pain, and trained in the use of several cognitive strategies to replace these thoughts and relabel their pain experience. Training was provided in a group setting to further consolidate the use of the instructions by enabling patients to roleplay the instructions to one another. Patients were also encouraged to verbally reinforce themselves each time they used the procedure. The experience of pain was measured by the McGill pain questionnaire, a behavioral checklist and staff reports. Results suggest that cognitive strategies can effectively alter the experience of clinical pain. Moreover, pain as a cognitive label for a nonspecific state of arousal is suggested.

Cognition↗
PubMed1979

[Self control developing function of self verbalization in children in experimental situations].

80 children received 5 different instructions which the children were supposed to repeat when exposed to classical tempting situations. As one result it could be shown that children of the middle class under the treatment conditions of verbalizing positive consequences were significantly better concerning the time of latency than those of other groups. In contrast to the expectations there were no differences according to factors like class, intelligence and latency. Results are discussed in terms of the development of self-control, relations between verbal and nonverbal behavior, cognitive behavior modification, and in the relation to a similar experiment by Hartig and Kanfer (1973).

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

An eclectic approach to parent group education.

Many factors contribute to a need for parent education today. Parent education has changed over the past centuries as a result of our changing values, our increasing knowledge base, and changes in family structure. The parent education group attempts to meet the parents' need to validate their concerns and offer them process and skills that promote mental health in children. Two popular models of parent education, the reflective model and the behavioral model, stem from two schools of psychologic thought-the phenomenologic school and the behavioral school. Because of the weaknesses and strengths of each model, an eclectic model of parent education is proposed which facilitates an authoritative patern of parenting correlated with self-reliant, explorative, and self-controlled children. This eclectic model of parent education is perceived as being within the role description of the generalist nurse who has access to back-up specialists in the health care system. Many opportunities exist for the nurse to offer this type of health education.

Female↗