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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Peripheral venous catecholamines versus adrenal secretory rates after brain stem stimulation in cats.

The relationship between adrenal catecholamine secretion and peripheral venous catecholamine concentration was assessed in samples collected before and after brief (15-s) periods of brain stem electrical stimulation in cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose-urethan. Adrenal blood flow from the left lumboadrenal vein averaged 0.75 +/- 0.05 ml/min (means +/- SE, n = 56). Peripheral norepinephrine (NE) concentration (1.19 +/- 0.07 ng/ml) was not well correlated with adrenal NE secretion (38.18 +/- 3.99 ng/min) before stimulation (r = 0.334, P less than 0.025). Although brain stem sites that evoked large increases in adrenal NE secretion often caused an increase in peripheral NE, sites that evoked significant decreases in adrenal NE secretion were not accompanied by decreases in peripheral NE. Peripheral epinephrine (E) concentration (0.11 +/- 0.01 ng/ml) was well correlated with adrenal E secretion (23.72 +/- 2.33 ng/min) before stimulation (r = 0.468, P less than 0.001). Brain stem stimulation-evoked changes in adrenal E secretion were generally reflected in changes of peripheral E concentration, although many exceptions were seen. Peripheral dopamine (DA) concentration (0.23 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) was well correlated with adrenal DA secretion (0.94 +/- 0.11 ng/min) before stimulation (r = 0.505, P less than 0.001). However, stimulus-evoked changes in adrenal DA secretion were not reflected in changes of peripheral DA concentration. The data indicate that, whereas brief periods of brain stem stimulation evoke a wide range of adrenal secretory responses, peripheral catecholamine responses best reflected adrenal secretion only when large increases in adrenal secretion were evoked and were poor indicators of decreased adrenal catecholamine secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The basal concentration and characteristics of the diurnal secretory rate of prolactin in women with primary hypothyroidism].

Basal concentration was measured of prolactin (PRL) as were its diurnal fluctuations in blood depending on the clinical association of primary hypothyrosis (PH) with lactorrhea-amenorrhea, lactorrhea only or lactorrhea associated with disturbances in menstrual and reproductive functions that differ from those in amenorrhea, and without such disturbances. Patients with lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome present with continual hyperprolactinemia and no physiological diurnal rythm of PRL secretion. In patients presenting without amenorrhea, and basal hyperprolactinemia, lactorrhea and disordered menses result from transitory "night-time" hyperprolactinemia. PH patients who do not present with lactorrhea and disordered menstrual and reproductive function show physiological diurnal rythm of PRL secretion, with its parameters corresponding to those in healthy women. The development of hyperprolactinemia in PH is not age-related; neither is it associated with severity of hypothyrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Isoproterenol-induced amylase release in rabbit parotid acini: relation of protein phosphorylation, cyclic AMP and related kinase activity to changes in secretory rate.

Isoproterenol-induced amylase release from rabbit parotid acini was examined in relation to cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) activity ratios and protein phosphorylation. Initial stimulation of amylase release by isoproterenol was preceded by increases in cAMP, cAMP-PK activity ratios and phosphorylation of a 34,000 MW (major) and a 30,000 MW (minor) protein in the microsomal fraction. When propranolol was added, decreases in cAMP concentrations and cAMP-PK activity ratios preceded the reduction in amylase release. Detailed analysis was performed on the 34,000 MW protein. The relation of dephosphorylation of protein 34 and reduction in amylase release was complex. Slight dephosphorylation occurred before or concurrently with the decrease in amylase release; however, maximal dephosphorylation was preceded by maximal inhibition of amylase release. When secretion of amylase was reinstituted by isoproterenol or forskolin, increases in cAMP and cAMP-PK activity ratios occurred before or in concert with amylase release but rephosphorylation of protein 34 occurred after the start of amylase release. Photoaffinity labeling studies using [32P]-8-azidoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate indicated that proteins 34 and 30 were not regulatory subunits of cAMP-PK or their breakdown products. Although these data are consistent with phosphorylation of proteins 34 or 30 being required for triggering initial secretion, maximum dephosphorylation was not essential for inhibition of secretion. Furthermore, initiation of amylase release by the gland after a short period of quiescence did not depend on prior phosphorylation of protein 34. These data may indicate the absence of a requirement of amylase release for phosphorylation of protein 34.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1979

The effects of a high-fiber diet on bile acid pool size, bile acid kinetics, and biliary lipid secretory rates in the morbidly obese.

A high-fiber diet has been suggested as one reason for the low incidence of gallstones in some populations. Therefore the authors tested the effects of a high-fiber diet on biliary secretory kinetics and bile salt kinetics in morbidly obese volunteers. Bile salt pool sizes were reduced by 50%, and their half-lives were decreased 70% after the subjects had spent 6 weeks on the high-fiber diet. Bile acid enterohepatic circulation times also were shortened dramatically. However, the lithogenicity of bile did not decrease, and bile remained supersaturated with with cholesterol. Fasting bile samples tended to be even more lithogenic than before the subjects follwed the diet. In these obese subjects, a high-fiber diet failed to reduce the tendency to secrete cholesterol-saturated bile.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The effects of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on the secretory rate of cockroach (Periplaneta americana) salivary glands.

The acinar salivary glands of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, are innervated by dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve fibers. Serotonin stimulates the secretion of protein-rich saliva, whereas dopamine causes the production of protein-free saliva. This suggests that dopamine acts selectively on ion-transporting peripheral cells within the acini and the duct cells, and that serotonin acts on the protein-producing central cells of the acini. We have investigated the pharmacology of the dopamine-induced secretory activity of the salivary gland of Periplaneta americana by testing several dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists. The effects of dopamine can be mimicked by the non-selective dopamine receptor agonist 6,7-ADTN and, less effectively, by the vertebrate D1 receptor-selective agonist chloro-APB. The vertebrate D1 receptor-selective agonist SKF 38393 and vertebrate D2 receptor-selective agonist R(-)-TNPA were ineffective. R(+)-Lisuride induces a secretory response with a slower onset and a lower maximal response compared with dopamine-induced secretion. However, lisuride-stimulated glands continue secreting saliva, even after lisuride-washout. Dopamine-induced secretions can be blocked by the vertebrate dopamine receptor antagonists cis(Z)-flupenthixol, chlorpromazine, and S(+)-butaclamol. Our pharmacological data do not unequivocally indicate whether the dopamine receptors on the Periplaneta salivary glands belong to the D1 or D2 subfamily of dopamine receptors, but we can confirm that the pharmacology of invertebrate dopamine receptors is remarkably different from that of their vertebrate counterparts.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗