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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Prostaglandin D2 generation by rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with Datura stramonium agglutinin and its inhibition by haptenic sugar and wheat germ agglutinin.

The production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) by rat peritoneal mast cells incubated with N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) oligomer-specific Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) for 10 min in the presence of 0.3 mM Ca2+ was examined. Previously, our group reported that the incubation of rat mast cells with DSA (5 - 100 microg/ml) under similar conditions resulted in a calcium influx and histamine release via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein pathway of the mast cells, and the histamine release was inhibited by haptenic sugar chitooligosaccharides or GlcNAc-specific lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) (K. Matsuda et al., Jpn J Pharmacol 66, 195 - 204 (1994)). DSA (5 - 100 microg/ml) dose-dependently stimulated the mast cells to generate PGD2. Chitooligosaccharides (1% w/v) and WGA (100 microg/ml) inhibited the production of PGD2 induced by 100 microg/ml of DSA, suggesting that the effect of DSA is sugar-specific. A prostaglandin G/H synthase inhibitor NS-398 (N-[cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl] methanesulfonamide) (10 microM) inhibited the formation of PGD2 induced by DSA (20 microg/ml). These results suggest that the binding of DSA to the corresponding sugar residues on the mast cell surface mediates the signaling of the prostaglandin G/H synthase pathway.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alkaloid spectrum in diploid and tetraploid hairy root cultures of Datura stramonium.

Hairy root cultures were obtained from diploid and induced tetraploid plants of Datura stramonium and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty alkaloids (19 for diploid and 9 for tetraploid hairy root cultures) were identified. A new tropane ester 3-tigloyloxy-6-propionyloxy-7-hydroxytropane was identified on the basis of mass spectral data. Hyoscyamine was the main alkaloid in both diploid and tetraploid cultures. In contrast to diploid hairy roots, the percentage contributions of the alkaloids, with exceptions for hyoscyamine and apoatropine, were higher in the total alkaloid mixture of tetraploid hairy roots.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1999

Datura stramonium poisonings in humans.

Datura stramonium is a hallucinogenic plant which causes serious poisoning. Clinical symptoms are those of atropinic intoxication with psychiatric manifestations of dryness of mouth, mydriasis, tachycardia and hallucinations. Diagnosis is essentially clinical. Treatment is symptomatic and suppurative; prognosis is usually favorable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Datura stramonium poisoning].

Datura stramonium is a hallucinogenic plant, widely distributed and easily accessible, which contains toxic anticholinergic alkaloids. Voluntary or accidental ingestion can produce serious illness or death. The clinical presentation is similar to that seen in cases of atropine poisoning. Signs and symptoms such as mydriasis, tachycardia, arrhythmias, agitation, seizures and coma can appear. Diagnosis is clinical and early treatment should be given, including gastrointestinal decontamination, supportive care and physostigmine in life-threatening cases. Prognosis is usually favorable.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[TMV-infection localization and development of induced virus resistance in Nicotiana sanderae Hort., Datura stramonium L. and Datura metel].

The localization of virus infection and development of local and systemic induced resistance in plants Nicotiana sanderae Hort., Datura stramonium L. and D. metel L. infected by TMV have been studied. It was shown that acquired resistance to the second infection is induced in hypersensitive plants infected by TMV independent of localization mechanism. No definite correlation exists between these defense reactions.

Datura↗
PubMed2006

Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling.

Monitoring of changes in some blood laboratory parameters in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling, heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. For a 7-day period the following parameters were monitored: haemoglobin content (HGB), red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential white cell counts (DWC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), blood glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), globulin (Glob) and albumin (Alb). The intoxication was accompanied by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, regenerative left shift neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia, increased haematocrit values, low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperglycaemia, bilirubinaemia, hypoproteinaemia and increased activity of AST and LDH. No changes occurred in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), albumin, globulin and globulin fractions (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 and gamma). The blood parameters returned to normal between post-intoxication days 2 and 5. The observed changes in clinical chemistry indices could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Jimson weed intoxication.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Voluntuary stramonium poisoning. 2 clinical cases].

Two cases of acute voluptuary poisoning by infusions of dry leaves of stramonium are reported. Symptomatology was characterized by confusion and hallucination (visual hallucinations, loss of space-time relationships, etc.) associated with neurovegetal symptomatology ascribable to the active principles contained in the preparation used: mydriasis, disturbances in visual accomodation, dryness of the fauces. Tachycardia was observed in one case, bradycardia in the other. Symptoms were resolved in one case by administration of neuroleptics, and spontaneously in the other after about 12 hours. A brief description of the preparation employed is given, and risk of poisoning stressed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Acute atropinic syndrome caused by abuse of anti-asthmatic cigarettes (Datura stramonium)].

Over a 3-month period four patients (3 males and 1 female) aged 17 to 23 were admitted to an emergency unit with an acute anticholinergic syndrome. All of them had ingested aniasthmatic cigarettes containing Datura stramonium leaves for psychedelic purposes. The clinical features were characterized by striking peripheral signs of anticholinergic inhibition associated with central nervous system manifestations such with central state, hallucinations and abnormal behaviour. One patient had to be treated with physostigmine salicylate. The other three received supportive care only. The central and peripheral symptomatology subsided gradually over 12-48 hours. All four patients had more or less extensive amnesia regarding the acute toxic phase. Based on these observations, the possible causes, differential diagnosis and treatment of acute atropinic intoxication are reviewed. The discussion also considers the problem of abuse of "over-the-counter" atropine containing preparations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Datura stramonium lectin staining of glial associated extracellular material in insect brains.

To investigate how glial cells structure the neuropile of olfactory pathways in the brains of honeybees and locusts, we used a lectin as a carbohydrate specific molecular label. On frozen sections, Datura stramonium lectin (DSL) stained extracellular material which is mainly associated with glial cells. Preadsorption of the DSL with the carbohydrate N, N'-diacetylchitobiose blocked the staining. The location of glial cells was detected by an antiserum against the glial-specific nuclear repo-protein. Lectin-staining surrounded the neuropile of the antennal lobe, axonal projections of olfactory relay neurons, and the mushroom body neuropile. Within the mushroom body neuropile of the bee, DSL-staining was especially intense at the branching sites of the Kenyon cell axons and in the ventral part of the alpha-lobe. The dissection of the various cellular contributions to the lectin-staining in dissociated cell cultures suggested that certain glial cells, but also neuronal somata of the antennal lobe and Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies express the label. The expression of lectin-staining matures during the pupal development of the bee, whereas in larval stages of the hemimetabolous locust, the staining pattern appears already completed. Since carbohydrate recognition is thought to play an important role in the formation of neuronal networks, the glial derived extracellular material may contribute to the morphogenesis and structural integrity of the olfactory neuropiles.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Regionally specific distribution of the binding of anti-glutamine synthetase and anti-S100 antibodies and of Datura stramonium lectin in glial domains of the optic lobe of the giant prawn.

We previously characterized some crustacean glial cells by markers such as 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Here we use antibodies against glutamine synthetase full-length molecule (anti-GS/FL), a GS C-terminal peptide (anti-GS/20aa-C), and brain S100 (anti-S100), as well as the binding of the insect glia and rat astrocytic marker Datura stramonium lectin (DSL), in the optic lobe of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. All markers label the lamina ganglionaris cartridge region (lighter: anti-GS/FL; heavier: DSL). In addition, anti-GS/FL labels superficial somata of external and internal medullas and internal chiasm cells. Both anti-GS/20aa-C and anti-S100 label heavily the glial sheaths of the lamina ganglionaris. In addition, anti-S100 binds to the perineurial glia of medullary parenchymal vessels. Western blot analyses show that both anti-GS/FL and anti-GS/20aa-C bind mostly to a band of 50-55 kDa, compatible with a long isoform of vertebrate GS, and accessorily to a possible dimer and, in the case of anti-GS/20aa-C, to an ill-defined band of intermediate mass. Binding of anti-S100 is selective for a single band of about 68 kDa but shows no protein in the weight range of the canonical S100 protein superfamily. DSL reveals two bands of about 75 and about 120 kDa, thus within the range of maximal recognition for rat astrocytes. Our results suggest that phenotype protein markers of the optic lobe glia share antigenic determinants with S100 and (a long form of) GS and that, similarly to vertebrate and insect glia, crustacean glia protein and N-glycan residue markers display regional heterogeneity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Particular small size RNA and RNA fragments from different origins as tumor inducing agents in Datura stramonium.

Particular RNA fragments obtained by action of pancreatic ribonuclease on purified RNAs originating from species totally unrelated to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Escherichia coli, rabbit, monkey) are capable of inducing the formation of transplantable tumorous tissue when introduced at wounded sites in inverted stems of Datura stramonium maintained under axenic conditions on a medium containing auxin and kinetin. Reovirus RNA and a small size RNA (5-6S) isolated from RNA bound RNA directed DNA polymerase from Escherichia coli also induced the appearance of tumorous tissues which grow on solid synthetic medium in the absence of auxin and kinetin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Light and electron microscopic detection of (3 Gal beta 1,4 GlcNAc beta 1) sequences in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides with the Datura stramonium lectin.

The Datura stramonium lectin recognizes with high affinity the disaccharide N-acetyllactosamine (Gal beta 1,4 GlcNAc). We have developed a highly specific cytochemical affinity technique in which an ovomucoid-gold complex serves as second step reagent for the visualization of this lectin bound to reactive sequences present in tissue sections. The lectin binding sites were detected in semithin and ultrathin sections of aldehyde-fixed and low temperature Lowicryl K4M embedded tissues. For light microscopical labeling the photochemical silver reaction for signal amplification was required. The application of this technique for the detection of N-acetyllactosamine containing asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in various intracellular organelles and the plasma membrane is demonstrated.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1996

Benzalkonium chloride inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by bradykinin and GlcNAc oligomer-specific lectin Datura stramonium agglutinin, but heparin did not.

1. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by synthetic cationic polymers (compound 48/80 and PEI6), bradykinin, des-Arg1-bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin and Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA). 2. The anionic polymers heparin, de-N-sulfated heparin, poly-aspartic acid and poly-glutamic acid dose dependently inhibited the histamine release induced by cationic polymers, suggesting counteraction between anions and cations. 3. Inhibition by heparin was diminished but that of BAC remained after removal of extracellular heparin and BAC. 4. Mast cell activation by bradykinin and DSA was not inhibited by anionic polymers, suggesting that both bradykinin and DSA recognize membrane sites as receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds.

Potatoes and tomatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as major, inexpensive low-fat food sources providing for energy, high-quality protein, fiber, vitamins, pigments, as well as other nutrients. These crops also produce biologically active secondary metabolites, which may have both adverse and beneficial effects in the diet. This limited overview, based largely on our studies with the aid of HPLC, TLC, ELISA, GC-MS, and UV spectroscopy, covers analytical aspects of two major potato trisaccharide glycoalkaloids, alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, and their hydrolysis products (metabolites) with two, one, and zero carbohydrate groups; the potato water-soluble nortropane alkaloids calystegine A3 and B2; the principal potato polyphenolic compound chlorogenic acid; potato inhibitors of digestive enzymes; the tomato tetrasaccharide glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and alpha-tomatine and hydrolysis products; the tomato pigments beta-carotene, lycopene, and chlorophyll; and the anticholinergic alkaloids atropine and scopolamine present in Datura stramonium (jimson weed) seeds that contaminate grain and animal feed. Related studies by other investigators are also mentioned. Accurate analytical methods for these food ingredients help assure the consumer of eating a good-quality and safe diet.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1998

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of tropinone reductase II from Datura stramonium.

Tropinone reductase II is an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase involved in a plant alkaloid metabolism. The enzyme from Datura stramonium has been crystallized using 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as a precipitant and a macro-seeding technique. The crystal belongs to space group P42212, with cell dimensions a = b = 62.8 and c = 128.4 A. A data set to 2.6 A resolution has been collected at a cryogenic temperature.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2000

Evolutionary ecology of the tropane alkaloids of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae).

Although insect herbivory is frequently assumed to be responsible for the maintenance of plant secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, the assumption is controversial and experimental evidence for this assumption is sparse. We examined natural selection on the two major alkaloids present in the leaves of Datura stramonium and found that both alkaloids came under active selection. We found negative directional selection for scopolamine (natural selection acting to reduce scopolamine levels) and stabilizing selection for hyoscyamine (natural selection acting to maintain an intermediate level of hyoscyamine). We also present evidence that insect herbivores act as the agents of selection on these alkaloids. Finally, we show that there were no trade-offs in resistance to different species of insects.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immobilized Datura stramonium agglutinin column chromatography, a novel method to discriminate the urinary hCGs of patients with invasive mole and choriocarcinoma from those of normal pregnant women and patients with hydatidiform mole.

Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) binds the asparagine-linked sugar chains commonly found in the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) purified from urine of patients with invasive mole or choriocarcinoma, but not in that of normal pregnant women or patients with hydatidiform mole. With the use of an immobilized DSA column, a novel method to discriminate urinary hCGs from various trophoblastic diseases was developed.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed2001

D-galactose-specific sea urchin lectin sugar-specifically inhibited histamine release induced by datura stramonium agglutinin: differences between sugar-specific effects of sea urchin lectin and those of D-galactose- or L-fucose-specific plant lectins.

A new sea urchin lectin from Toxopneustes pileolus, is D(+)galactose (Gal)-, D(+)fucose (Fuc)-specific. Incubation of rat peritoneal mast cells with the lectin in the presence of 0.3 mM CaCl2 for 10 min significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release induced by N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc)-specific Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), an activator of the Gi-protein-dependent pathway in mast cells. This inhibition by the sea urchin lectin was sugar-specifically reversed in the presence of D(+)Gal or D(+)Fuc but not L(-)Fuc. The sea urchin lectin had no effect on the histamine release induced by compound 48/80, slightly inhibited the histamine release induced by substance P and mastoparan, and slightly enhanced the histamine release induced by melittin, but these effects were not dose-dependent. Compound 48/80, substance P, mastoparan and melittin are mast cell activators without sugar residues. It is suggested that the lectin binds to D(+)Gal residues of DSA to interfere with mast cell activation induced by DSA, a glycoprotein with arabinose and Gal residues. The effects of plant lectins with affinity to D(+)Gal, N-acetyl galactosamine and/or sialic acid and L(-)Fuc on the histamine release induced by DSA, compound 48/80 and substance P were also examined.

Agglutinins↗