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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat stomach mucosa by glandular stomach carcinogens.

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) (repair DNA synthesis) in stomach pyloric mucosa of the F344/- DuCrj rat was examined in in vitro organ cultures in the presence of tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) and hydroxyurea after administration of chemical carcinogens in vivo. The DNA fraction was extracted from the cultured tissue, and the incorporation of [3H]dThd into DNA was determined in a liquid scintillation counter. DNA concentration was determined spectrophotometrically with either diphenylamine or 3,5- diaminobenzoic acid. A good correlation between induction of UDS and site specificity of carcinogens was observed. The glandular stomach carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (CAS: 70-25-7), N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (CAS: 63885-23-4), N-propyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (CAS: 56-57-5), and N-nitroso-N-methylurethane (CAS: 615-53-2) induced UDS in the pyloric mucosa of the stomach. UDS could be detected 2-4 hours after administration of carcinogens in vivo by the present method. The forestomach carcinogens 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (CAS: 684-93-5) and aristolochic acid (CAS: 1398-06-7) and the nongastric carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (CAS: 53-96-3), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, and dimethylnitrosamine (CAS: 62-75-9) did not induce UDS in the pyloric mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Bacterial flora and nitrite production in the stomach after gastroenterostomy. Experimental aspects of the pathogenesis of carcinoma in the operated stomach (author's transl)].

A gastroenterostomy without enteroanastomosis leads to a change in the bacterial flora of the stomach, where-by in particular the proportion of nitrite-decomposing bacteria, is enhanced. This results in an increase of nitrite concentration in the gastric fluid, which may possibly be accompanied by an augmented production of carcinogenic nitrosoamine. This latter aspect is considered with respect to the origin of carcinoma in the operated stomach. Since the reported changes will be largely prevented by a Roux-Y-gastroenterostomy, this should be taken into consideration for reconstruction of the alimentary tract after gastric surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Stomach ulcer and stomach cancer].

About 5--10% of the gastric carcinomas develop from a gastric ulcer (ulcerocancer). This process, however, is, referred to gastric ulcers, too rare to indicate a prophylactic resection of the stomach on account of the danger of the development of cancer. Careful diagnostics and following control with X-ray examination and gastroscopy are, however, necessary in every gastric ulcer. The retrogression of the complaints neither proves healing of the ulcer nor benignity of the ulcer. Compared with the ulcerocarcinoma the differential diagnosis of the gastric ulcer is easy when locally advanced, patelliform carcinomas are in question. It is difficult in small carcinomas and especially in the carcinoma of the mucous membrane of type III. Individual radiologic and endoscopic signs and especially their combination are useful for the differentiation, but they may be misleading. A carcinomatous ulcer may radiologically and endoscopically look like a peptic ulcer and may apparently also fully heal. Therefore, a certain differential diagnosis is only possible with the help of an aimed biopsy of the stomach or the cytodiagnostics. The two methods serve further propagation. They should be used in every case, when an apparantly benign ulcer does not reveal a clear retrogression under effective treatment with carbenoxolone within four weeks. The examination of the gastric juice may be used for the differential diagnosis.

Carbenoxolone↗
PubMed2004

[Serotonergic systems of the biliary tract, stomach and duodenum in the norm and at the experimental stomach ulcer].

Stimulation of the sympathetic trunk against the background of the vagus nerve irritation was shown to cause the enhancement of the electromotor activity of the gallbladder, Oddi's sphincter, stomach and duodenum blocked by ganglionary and peripheral serotonin blockers. A lateral-medial gradient of the serotonergic innervation of the biliary tract was revealed. The gastro- and duodenoprotective action of the 5-HT 1,2-serotonin blocker was established at the experimental stomach ulcer.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Spontaneous rosette test in peptic ulcer of the stomach and stomach cancer].

The authors present the results from the study of the cellular immunoreactivity of immunocompetent lymphoid cells in 23 patients with gastric carcinoma and 30 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach, by applying the test for the confirmation of rosette-forming T-lymphocytes, according to the method of Bach and Lay. A significantly decreased number of T-lymphocytes was found both in case of ulcer disease of the stomach and gastric carcinoma. Best manifested is the depression of the cellular immunoreactivity in gastric carcinoma and it corresponds to the degree of the generalization of the process.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Activity of alkaline phosphatase in the stomach content as a marker of function of gastrointestinal anastomosis after stomach resection].

In 77 patients with gastric ulcer disease, the activity of alkaline phosphatase of gastric juice and its fractions was studied at the late period after resection of the stomach. Activity of thermolabile and thermostable fraction of alkaline phosphatase was the lowest in patients who underwent creation of transverse Billroth-II anastomosis, indicating that it was more physiologic as compared to Hofmeister--Finsterer modification of anastomosis in relation to the barrier (sphincter) function, and thus prevented reflux of the intestinal contents into the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Differential p53 protein expression in stomach adenomas of gastric and intestinal phenotypes: possible sequences of p53 alteration in stomach carcinogenesis.

In a comparative study, the expression of p53 protein was investigated in intestinal- and gastric-type adenomas of the stomach. The former is a conventional type, which is well known to be a premalignant lesion of the stomach, but the latter is a rare, more recently noted entity. Of 28 intestinal-type adenomas, 17 (60.7%) contained more than 5% of p53 immunoreactive cells. In these adenomas, the extent of positivity for p53 protein was significantly higher in high-grade dysplasia than in low-grade dysplasia (P < 0.05), suggesting that p53 alteration plays a part in the dysplastic progression of intestinal-type adenomas. Among 18 gastric-type adenomas in which most of the tumour cells displayed gastric-type mucin, substantial expression of p53 protein was found only in the 3 tumours with high-grade dysplasia. Thus, the incidence of p53 expression was significantly higher in intestinal-type adenomas than in gastric-type adenomas (P < 0.01). These results suggest that p53 gene alteration is an earlier event in the gastric carcinogenetic sequence with the intestinal phenotype than in that with the gastric phenotype.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Arterial vascularization of the operated stomach: highly selective vagotomy, anterior lesser curve seromyotomy, esophageal replacement by transposed stomach after esophagectomy or circular pharyngolaryngectomy.

The rich vascularisation of the stomach is well known and the remarkable tolerance of the organ to vascular ligatures has been emphasised. However, some clinical observations as well as more and more detailed anatomical studies suggest some modification of this classical concept, especially when operating on the viscus. The aim of this work was to evaluate particularly the importance of parietal ischemia which follows hyperselective vagotomy and the more recent anterior seromyotomy, on the one hand, and the gastrolysis that precedes gastro-esophagoplasty after esophagectomy or circular pharyngolaryngectomy on the other hand. The stomachs of 40 unembalmed adult cadavers were studied by angiography in various ways, according to the operation which was being considered. The findings indicated that hyperselective vagotomy caused an avascular band 2 cm wide along that part of the lesser curve affected by the surgical intervention, and that anterior seromyotomy (allowing for some technical artifacts) caused almost no parietal ischemia, and lastly, that the ischemia from gastro-esophagoplasty varied according to the technique used. Useful conclusions, supported by numerous illustrations, will allow the surgeon to define better the vascular requirements when choosing the procedure to be used, taking account of the clinical situation.

Arteries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The survival benefit of resection in patients with advanced stomach cancer: the Norwegian multicenter experience. Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial.

Five hundred three of 1,165 patients with stomach cancer included in a national multicenter study received noncurative treatment. This study elucidates whether a palliative resection offered any survival advantage compared to nonresectional treatment. One hundred eighty-two (36%) of 503 patients had gastric resection (including total gastrectomy in 64 patients), 70 (14%) had a bypass procedure, and an exploratory laparotomy was carried out in 156 (31%). Seventy-eight patients (16%) were not subjected to surgery. Resection carried the same postoperative mortality rate as a nonresectional procedure (13% versus 12%). Univariate survival analysis demonstrated that median survival and 1- and 2-year survival rates were significantly higher in resected patients; however, as basic patient characteristics (age, stage, etc.) differed between the 2 main treatment groups, survival and factors affecting survival were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Given similar age and preoperative weight loss, resection doubled median survival both for stage III disease (9 versus 4.5 mo) and for stage IV disease (6 versus 3 mo) compared to nonresection or no operation. In conclusion, resection seems justified in patients with advanced stomach cancer since a survival benefit is documented.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed2004

Does eradication of Helicobacter pylori reduce the risk of carcinogenesis in the residual stomach after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer? Comparison of mucosal lesions in the residual stomach before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: After partial gastrectomy, the mucosa of the residual stomach usually undergoes severe changes, and these lesions are known to be pre-cancerous. Recently, Helicobacter pylori has been highlighted as an agent that induces such mucosal alterations. In the present study, we evaluated whether eradication of H. pylori reduced the risk of carcinogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 12 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth I anastomosis for early gastric cancer and were positive for H. pylori. We performed endoscopy and biopsy both before and after H. pylori eradication therapy to assess changes in the gastric mucosa. RESULTS: After eradication therapy, no mucosal edema or erythema was detected. On histological examination, mononuclear cell infiltration had decreased and there was complete absence of neutrophil infiltration. The Ki-67 labeling index and the tissue IL-8 level had also decreased significantly, compared with before eradication. CONCLUSION: Before H. pylori eradication, the mucosa of the residual stomach may be at high risk of carcinogenesis due to induction of mucosal damage and active gastritis by H. pylori. Such changes were almost completely normalized by eradication therapy, so the eradication of H. pylori may reduce the risk of H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis in patients who have undergone gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2001

Review article: the transmission of Helicobacter pylori from stomach to stomach.

The mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori is largely unknown and is a matter of circumstantial evidence and speculation rather than fact. However, the principle evidence is of two sorts: the epidemiological data, providing evidence of possible risk factors associated with transmission, and the identification of potential sources from which H. pylori could be acquired. Evidence exists for several potential sources of infection and several possible modes of transmission, and it is feasible that the transmission of H. pylori varies according to the cultural and demographic circumstances. However, the most likely recognized source for H. pylori is the human stomach, although it is not known by what route the organism is transmitted to the stomach. Evidence suggests close personal contact is important and that acquisition occurs mainly in childhood. This article reviews the evidence for the source of infection and the route of transmission of H. pylori.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Proximal stomach and antrum in stomach emptying.

In a series of measurements of liquid-phase gastric emptying using a radionuclide marker on 35 subjects, five were identified in whom the proximal stomach and antrum were clearly distinguishable. Three of these subjects were normal controls and two suffered from systemic sclerosis. In the three normal subjects, analysis of the movement of the liquid showed the expected movement from fundus to antrum and thence through the pylorus. In the two patients with systemic sclerosis, there was, in contrast, evidence of mass retropulsion of the contents of the antrum into the fundus. In such cases, the measurement of stomach emptying based on the assumption of a single-compartment system in likely to be misleading.

Gastric Emptying↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of kinins derived from rat stomach tissue and produced by catheptic enzyme in rat stomach.

Four uterine-contractile substances (a, b, c and d) and three uterine-contractile substances (a', c' and d') were obtained from the reaction mixture of rat plasma kininogen with the kinin-forming enzyme in rat stomach and the homogenate of the rat stomach with 0.2% acetic acid, respectively. By high performance liquid chromatography with a Zorbax ODS reversed-phase column, the retention times of materials a, c and d were found to be equal to those of materials a', c' and d', and they were not equal to those of kallidin, methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin (MLBK) and bradykinin (BK). The retention time of material b was equal to that of BK. The uterine-contractile activities of the materials a, b, c, d, a', c' and d' were all abolished by chymotrypsin, but not by trypsin treatment. These materials all relaxed the isolated rat duodenum in the presence of atropine, dibenamine, diphenhydramine and propranolol, and they produced a fall in rabbit blood pressure after administration of atropine, dibenamine and propranolol. The content ratios of a: b: c: d and a': c': d' were 4: 4: 67: 25 and 65: 19: 16, respectively, as calculated from the uterine-contractile activities of these materials.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Functional results of an operation for forming an "artificial stomach" after gastrectomy and subtotal distal resection of the stomach].

The operations of plastic substitution of the resected stomach with a transplant of the jejunum were fulfilled in 81 patients. The aim of the operations was to establish the natural passage through the duodenum. Of 55 able-bodied patients 31 returned to their regular work, 14 patients changed their work to easier. An investigation of the main parameters of metabolism and of the questionnaires distributed among the patients have shown a high level of the "quality of life" of the patients operated upon at later terms after operations. The involvement of the duodenum in digestion due to the jejunal plasty of the resected stomach made the disorders of digestion rarer, improved the quality of life of the patients at later terms after operation, thus promoting their social and labor rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Gastric secretion in vagotomized stomach and transplant stomach in rat].

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is well documented. The object of this study was to estimate the relationship between the host and the graft stomach in rats. Our findings revealed individual variations in total gastric secretion, while the mean secretory volume in syngeneic transplants remained relatively constant throughout the observation period. No significant changes in the secretion of free acid or pepsin were noted. Histologic studies were made of the myenteric nerve plexus and submucosal muscle. The creation of various models of gastric pouches and transplantation of the stomach have added valuable data to gastric physiology and transplant immunology.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Dynamics of endogenous bacterial nitrite formation in the stomach. 4. Localization and reciprocal action of nitrate and nitrite in the healthy human stomach].

The nitrate and nitrite concentrations of 42 fasting gastric juice samples of young healthy human volunteers were analysed. It could be shown by separate determination of the concentration in the real secrete and the mucous gel that the amount of nitrate in the gel is about ten times higher than in the real secrete. The former conception, after which nitrate only gets by swallowed saliva into the stomach, has to be completed. It is obvious that the mucigenous glands of the stomach, like the saliva glands, are also able of nitrate enrichment and secretion. These results are very important for the evaluation of nitrate as a precursor of cancerogenic N-nitroso compounds.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[A randomized controlled trial comparing short-term MF chemotherapy with MF plus long-term HCFU chemotherapy as an adjuvant to a curative resection of stomach cancer: Mifurol Study Group for Stomach Cancer].

In order to clarify the clinical response of long-term adjuvant chemotherapy using Carmofur (HCFU), a comparative multicenter trial has been performed by a randomized controlled method. Curative resected patients suffering from stomach cancer were randomly allocated into two arms. Arm A consisted of short-term MF chemotherapy (mitomycin C 0.04 mg/kg plus 5-fluorouracil 5.0 mg/kg x 6 bolus i.v.) and arm B consisted of arm A plus long-term HCFU chemotherapy (HCFU 6-12 mg/kg/day over 12 weeks, p.o.). The difference of overall survival probability between the two studied arms significantly supported arm B therapy (generalized Wilcoxon test: p = 0.0405) up to 5 years after surgery. The difference of the survival curves was clearer in the case of patients with cancers in the advanced stage, such as a positive serosal inversion and a lymph node metastases [ps(+).n(+)]. The side effects of HCFU, most patients experiencing subjective symptoms such as gastrointestinal toxicities, polyuria, and hot sensation, were reversible. Our results suggest that HCFU maintenance therapy has effect on preventing the postsurgical recurrences of stomach cancer and elongating the patient's survival.

Antineoplastic Agents↗