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PubMed2001

[Aedes albopictus in Rome: monitoring in the 3-year period of 1998-2000].

Aedes albopictus was first reported in Italy in 1990 and in the urban area of Rome in the late summer 1997. Ae. albopictus is a daytime, outdoor mosquito, that bite preferably on man. In Rome (42 degrees South of latitude), larvae are found from March to November, but some adult females are active until December. The peak of adult abundance, and then of the annoyance caused to man, occurs in late August-September. The presence of the species in Rome represents the first example in Italy of extensive colonization of an urban area, with involvement of hundred-thousand people. Since 1997, Ae. albopictus has spread quickly from the initial foci to the whole city. In 2000, scattered foci of the species have been reported throughout the urban area and in some towns of the province.

Aedes↗
PubMed2004

[Medical museology the exhibition: The history of Rome medical faculty through images and documents].

The Museum and Library of History of Medicine celebrated the 700th anniversary of the foundation of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" with an exhibition of images and documents recalling the history of the medical faculty. Dissecting tools and surgical instruments testify to the long history of anatomical and surgical studies and to the great worth of the teachers at Rome University. Documents, archival papers, books and pictures document the historical inheritance of the Medical School in Rome.

Exhibitions as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurosurgery in Rome: 1880-1970].

Among many factors contributing to the birth of Neurosurgery, the "awareness of feasibility" of neurosurgical procedures is especially significant. June 1st, 1885 is the arbitrary birthdate of Neurosurgery in Rome: Francesco Durante, Professor of Surgery at the Royal University, successfully resects an olfactory groove meningioma, arising admiration worldwide. Roberto Alessandri succeeds Durante in 1919. In roman hospitals outstanding surgeons perform from time to time neurosurgical procedures, sometimes with satisfactory results: Paolo Postempski, Cesare Antonucci, Guido Egidi and Raffaele Bastianelli, first director of the "Regina Elena" Cancer Institute (IRE) (April 1933) and friend of Harvey Cushing. Angelo Chiasserini sr. is however the first roman surgeon constantly committed to Neurosurgery and founder of the first neurosurgical unit in Italy, in 1937; also, from 1941 to 1944 he directs a neurosurgical service at the "Celio" military hospital of Rome, to which patients from the various battle theatres are referred. While Mario Margottini and Piero Frugoni follow Bastianelli's steps at the IRE, the roman neurosurgeons Felice Visalli and Libero Ugelli serve in the Army, during the greek-albanian conflict and in Russia, respectively. In May 1955 Beniamino Guidetti, an Olivecrona pupil, is called at "La Sapienza" University of Rome and elevates the neurosurgical clinic at the highest standards. The other main neurosurgical pole is founded in 1958 at the San Camillo Hospital: within both institutions modern neurosurgical teams are formed along with neuroradiological and neuroanesthesiological staffs.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2006

Migraine--the forgotten epidemic: development of the EHF/WHA Rome Declaration on Migraine.

Despite the availability of effective treatments, many migraine sufferers in Europe still do not receive optimal treatment. A panel of specialists, primary-care physicians and patient-group representatives met in Rome on 10-11 June 2005, under the auspices of the European Headache Federation (EHF), the World Headache Alliance (WHA) and the University of Duisburg-Essen, to review the scientific background, management issues, and physician, patient and government perspectives on migraine. The goal of the meeting was to produce the EHF/WHA Rome Declaration on Migraine, a statement of the actions required to improve migraine care and the quality of life of people with migraine. The key recommendation of the EHF/WHA Rome Declaration on Migraine is education of migraine sufferers, health professionals and health-policy makers.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2006

A survey of irritable bowel syndrome in Vietnam using the Rome criteria.

Prevalence estimates for irritable bowel syndrome from surveys in Western countries are 4.4% to 22%, generally higher in women than men, and only a minority seek health care. There are few studies of bowel patterns in Asian countries. We conducted a survey of a nonpatient population in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to determine bowel patterns and the prevalence of bowel dysfunction. A forced-choice, self-report questionnaire was distributed to 738 predominantly health care workers, as well as patient relatives, at Cho Ray Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and returned by 411 (response rate of 55.7%). Results were analyzed for men and women using Student's t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Subjects were 53.6% female, with a mean age of 27.7+/-6.9 years. Overall perception of health was excellent/very good in 13.6%, good in 54.2%, and fair/poor in 32.1% (males, 17.1%, 51.3%, and 31.5%, vs. females, 10.6%, 56.7%, and 32.7%; P=NS). The mean number of stools reported per week was 6.5 (males, 6.6, vs. females, 6.4; P=NS) and ranged between 3 and 21 stools per week in 95.5%. The frequency of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms (using Rome I criteria) was 7.2% (95% CI=4.8-10.1), with males at 4.8% (95% CI=2.2-8.9) vs. females at 9.2% (95% CI=5.7-13.9) (P=0.08). Of the subjects with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, 6 of 29 (20.7%) had seen a physician for bowel symptoms. There were no gender differences in reported infrequent stool (12.0%), frequent stool (11.3%), hard stool (17.5%), loose stool (6.5%), straining (14.5%), incomplete emptying (16.2%), bloating (15.0%), urgency (10.0%), or mucus (2.7%). In conclusion, this survey of a nonpatient population in Vietnam showed that irritable bowel syndrome symptoms as defined by Rome criteria were common and that there were no significant differences between sexes in either stool frequency or prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome, unlike previous studies from the United States. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Vietnam in this study was in the lower range of reported data from Western countries, possibly in part related to the use of the Rome criteria. Only a minority of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms reported seeking health care for these symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Association of adult coeliac disease with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study in patients fulfilling ROME II criteria referred to secondary care.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome has a high prevalence. Consensus diagnostic criteria (ROME II) based on symptoms have been established to aid diagnosis. Although coeliac disease can be misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome, no prospective study has been published in which patients with this disorder are investigated for coeliac disease. We aimed to assess the association of coeliac disease with irritable bowel syndrome in patients fulfilling ROME II criteria. METHODS: We undertook a case-control study at a university hospital. 300 consecutive new patients who fulfilled Rome II criteria for irritable bowel syndrome, and 300 healthy controls (age and sex matched) were investigated for coeliac disease by analysis of serum IgA antigliadin, IgG antigliadin, and endomysial antibodies (EMA). Patients and controls with positive antibody results were offered duodenal biopsy to confirm the possibility of coeliac disease. FINDINGS: 66 patients with irritable bowel syndrome had positive antibody results, of whom 14 had coeliac disease (11 EMA positive, three EMA negative). Nine patients with positive antibody results were lost to follow-up or refused biopsy (only one EMA-positive patient refused biopsy), and 43 had normal duodenal mucosa. Two controls, both of whom were EMA positive, had coeliac disease. Compared with matched controls, irritable bowel syndrome was significantly associated with coeliac disease (p=0.004, odds ratio=7.0 [95% CI 1.7-28.0]). INTERPRETATION: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to secondary care should be investigated routinely for coeliac disease. With only EMA, three of 14 cases would have been missed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Genome medicine: gene therapy for the millennium, 30 September-3 October 2001, Rome, Italy.

The recent surge of DNA sequence information resulting from the efforts of agencies interested in deciphering the human genetic code has facilitated technological developments that have been critical in the identification of genes associated with numerous disease pathologies. In addition, these efforts have opened the door to the opportunity to develop novel genetic therapies to treat a broad range of inherited disorders. Through a joint effort by the University of Vermont, the University of Rome, Tor Vergata, University of Rome, La Sapienza, and the CSS Mendel Institute, Rome, an international meeting, 'Genome Medicine: Gene Therapy for the Millennium' was organized. This meeting provided a forum for the discussion of scientific and clinical advances stimulated by the explosion of sequence information generated by the Human Genome Project and the implications these advances have for gene therapy. The meeting had six sessions that focused on the functional evaluation of specific genes via biochemical analysis and through animal models, the development of novel therapeutic strategies involving gene targeting, artificial chromsomes, DNA delivery systems and non-embryonic stem cells, and on the ethical and social implications of these advances.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2005

Validation of the pediatric Rome II criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders using the questionnaire on pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the pediatric Rome II criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) using the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms (QPGS). METHODS: Subjects were 315 consecutive new patients, 4 to 18 years of age, seen in a tertiary care clinic and classified by pediatric gastroenterologists as having a functional problem. Patients and parents separately completed the QPGS before medical consultation. Diagnoses were derived using computer algorithms reflecting the Rome II criteria for pediatric FGIDs. Convergent validity was assessed by prevalence of diagnoses and internal validity using factor analysis to confirm symptom clusters of the criteria. Separate analyses were performed for 4 to 9 and 10 to 18 year olds, and for diagnoses based on parent and child reports. RESULTS: In both age groups, the most prevalent diagnoses were irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (22.0%, 35.5%), functional constipation (19.0%, 15.2%), and functional dyspepsia (FD) (13.6%, 10.1%). Parent-child concordance on diagnoses was generally poor. Factor analyses supported the internal validity of FD and of IBS symptoms except for relief with defecation. Although functional abdominal pain syndrome and abdominal migraine occurred rarely, symptom clustering within each diagnosis supports their validity. Among patients with abdominal pain, duration was of at least 3 months in most, and pain was of long duration and severe in at least one third. CONCLUSION: More than half of patients classified as having a functional problem met at least one pediatric Rome II diagnosis for FGIDs. This study offers initial support for the validity of several of the criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Stability of irritable bowel syndrome using a Rome II-based classification.

BACKGROUND: As there is no biological marker for irritable bowel syndrome, a diagnosis is made using symptom-based criteria. AIM: To evaluate the stability of self-reported symptoms consistent with Rome II-based irritable bowel syndrome classification. METHODS: Irritable bowel syndrome subjects identified in a 2001 population-based study by modified Rome II criteria were re-contacted 2 years later. Data were collected via a web-based questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 697 subjects, 30% remained in the same irritable bowel syndrome subtype in both surveys, 18.4% changed irritable bowel syndrome subtype and 52% no longer met the irritable bowel syndrome criteria at follow-up. Subjects continuing to meet the irritable bowel syndrome criteria were more likely to have been initially classified in the alternating irritable bowel syndrome subtype and had more psychological impairment and lower irritable bowel syndrome-related quality of life than subjects not fulfilling the irritable bowel syndrome criteria at follow-up. Lack of pain caused more subjects to fall out of the irritable bowel syndrome criteria than the absence of non-painful bowel symptoms. However, the majority of subjects that did not fulfill the pain component of the irritable bowel syndrome criteria continued to report abdominal pain of at least moderate severity. CONCLUSION: In a US population-based follow-up study using modified Rome II criteria, we found irritable bowel syndrome is episodic in nature and current classification is limited in capturing fluctuation of disease over time.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2004

Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus).

Although 30-50% of constipated patients exhibit dyssynergia, an optimal method of diagnosis is unclear. Recently, consensus criteria have been proposed but their utility is unknown. To examine the diagnostic yield of colorectal tests, reproducibility of manometry and utility of Rome II criteria. A total of 100 patients with difficult defecation were prospectively evaluated with anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion, colonic transit and defecography. Fifty-three patients had repeat manometry. During attempted defecation, 30 showed normal and 70 one of three abnormal manometric patterns. Forty-six patients fulfilled Rome criteria and showed paradoxical anal contraction (type I) or impaired anal relaxation (type III) with adequate propulsion. However, 24 (34%) showed impaired propulsion (type II). Forty-five (64%) had slow transit, 42 (60%) impaired balloon expulsion and 26 (37%) abnormal defecography. Defecography provided no additional discriminant utility. Evidence of dyssynergia was reproducible in 51 of 53 patients. Symptoms alone could not differentiate dyssynergic subtypes or patients. Dyssynergic patients exhibited three patterns that were reproducible: paradoxical contraction, impaired propulsion and impaired relaxation. Although useful, Rome II criteria may be insufficient to identify or subclassify dyssynergic defecation. Symptoms together with abnormal manometry, abnormal balloon expulsion or colonic marker retention are necessary to optimally identify patients with difficult defecation.

Anal Canal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Socioeconomic differences in mortality in Rome, 1990-1995].

Population groups with a lower socioeconomic status (SES) have a greater risk of disease and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SES and mortality in the metropolitan area of Rome during the six-year period 1990-1995, and to examine variations in mortality differentials between 1990-92 and 1993-95. Rome has a population of approximately 2,800,000, with 6,100 census tracts (CTs). During the study period, 149,002 deaths occurred among residents. We compared cause-specific mortality rates among four socioeconomic categories (SES) defined by a socioeconomic index, derived from characteristics of the CT of residence. Among men, total mortality and mortality for the major causes of death showed an inverse association with SES. Among 15-44 year old men, the strong positive association between total mortality and low SES was due to AIDS and overdose mortality. Among women, a positive association with lower SES was observed for stomach cancer, uterus cancer and cardiovascular disease, whereas mortality for breast cancer was higher in the groups with higher SES. Comparing the periods 1990-92 and 1993-95, differences in total mortality between socioeconomic groups widened in both sexes. Increasing differences were observed for tuberculosis and lung cancer among men, and for uterus cancer, traffic accidents, and overdose mortality among women. The use of an area-based indicator of SES limits the interpretations of the findings. However, despite the possible limitations, these results suggest that social class differences in mortality in Rome are increasing. Time changes in life style and in the prevalence of risk behaviors may produce differences in disease incidence. Moreover inequalities in the access to medical care and in the quality of care may contribute to an increasing differentials in mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Rome and malaria].

This article offers an overview on the roman Archivio Storico Capitolino papers reconstructing the history of malaria in the city of Rome and in the countryside from 1870 to the 2nd post-war period. The researches must be based on the critical evaluation of the Deliberations of the Consiglio Comunale of Rome, reflecting the social history of life in the city. The chronological continuity of this archivistic series allows to follow the history of Malaria in Rome since the Unity of Italy. The papers of the VIII Bureau of Hygiene and Sanity offer interesting points of views for the period 1883-1940, useful for deeply investigating the attitude of Roman Administration towards the fight against malaria. The roman Library of the Archivio Capitolino keeps an important bibliography, collected by the Campidoglio since the past century.

Archives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Smoking cessation course organized by the Italian League for the fight against tumors in Milan and Rome: determinants of cessation after the course and after a year].

The Italian League against Cancer organizes a group behaviour therapy program for smoking cessation in Milan and Rome. Groups meet for 8-9 sessions; sessions are managed by a therapist. In the analized courses participants are 43-44 years on the average, with a middle/high level of education. They are heavy smokers with a high level of nicotine dependence and they greatly trust in the program. At the end of the program 67% of participants in Milan and 76% in Rome declare they no longer smoke. One year later, phone interviews show that 22% of participants in Milan and 25% in Rome are still non smokers. At the end of the program quitting-smoking predictors are: attendance at at least 6-7 sessions, smoking less than 30 cigarettes a day before the course and male gender; one year later attendance at at least 6-7 sessions, and scarce nicotine dependence (smoking less than 30 cigarettes a day before the program or a low score at the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire).

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[A Danish nurse serving in Rome and Paris during the post-war years after World War I].

In letters to her aunt a Danish nurse, sister in law to the Danish medical historian professor dr.med Evd. Gotfredsen, describes her life, professionally and as a tourist, in Rome and Paris. In 1920 she lived in Rome at the Dinesen Pension, established around the change of the century by a Danish lady. The pension developed into the favorite resort for many Scandinavian Visitors to Rome, some of them famous. During her stay in Paris 1920-26 she had close relations to the nursing bureau established under the auspices of the Danish Council of Nurses (D.S.R). For one and a half years she was the private nurse of the famous ethnologist Roland Bonaparte, grandson of Napoleon's brother Lucien, during his terminal bladder cancer.

Denmark↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Air pollution and fatal and non fatal coronary events in Rome].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between air pollution and coronary events in Rome in the period 1998-2000, considering both out-of-hospital deaths and hospitalisations. DESIGN: Time-series of daily counts of out-of-hospital deaths and hospitalised events, implementation of Generalised Additive Models. SETTING: The air pollutants taken into account were PNC (Particle Number Concentration--a measure of ultrafine particles), PM10, CO, NO2, SO2 and O3. The association was studied with respect to either single days or the cumulative effect on more consecutive days; furthermore, effect modification by age was tested (for the age groups 0-64, 65-74 and 75+). PARTICIPANTS: People resident of Rome and died/hospitalised for coronary causes into the city in the period 1998-2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Association between pollutants and out-of-hospital deaths/hospitalised events. Distinction between fatal events (out-of-hospital deaths + hospitalisations with death within 28 days of admission) and non fatal events (hospitalisations with survival longer than 28 days). RESULTS: Significant association between PNC, PM10, and CO with out-of-hospital deaths, smaller effect on hospitalised events. For a variation of PNC of 28000 particles per cm3 (interquartile range of the distribution) the increase in the risk of out-of-hospital coronary death at lag 0 was 8.1%; for hospital admissions, the risk increased by 4%. The association was stronger in subjects older than 65, and was more evident for total fatal events than for non-fatal hospitalisations. CONCLUSION: The study showed increased risks of coronary events associated with air pollution in Rome: ultrafine particles, directly generated by vehicular traffic, are the environmental indicator which best characterizes the health risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Use of Rome III criteria for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome].

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs) characterized by chronic abdominal pain or discomfort, which is associated with changes in stool frequency and/or form. Rome II criteria for IBS was used widely in research and practice. Besides, Rome III criteria was recently published. Because IBS is a frequent disease, the spread of Rome III criteria will play an important role of pathophysiological study and new therapy in gastrointestinal medical care.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Preliminary study on the occurrence of sylvan trichinelliasis in 589 foxes in the Province of Rome].

A survey on 589 foxes for the control of trichinelliasis in the Province of Rome was carried out in collaboration with the gamekeepers of the Province of Rome. The presence of Trichinella larvae in masseters muscles was studied using trichinoscope and digestion methods. Five foxes out 589 were found infected; four infected animals were killed in the Prenestini and Simbruini mountains, one infected animal was killed in the plain north west of Rome.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Atmospheric asbestos pollution in the urban environment: Rome, Orbassano and a control locality (II)].

To complete our previous study which evaluated by TEM the atmospheric concentrations of asbestos in the urban areas of Milan, Casale Monferrato, Brescia, Ancona, Bologna and Florence, the concentrations measured in Rome, Orbassano and in two mountain test locations, one with serpentine rock (Valle di Susa) and the other with granitic rock (Adamello), are now reported. Compared with the towns in northern Italy, which had already shown decreasing pollution levels from Casale Monferrato to Milan, Brescia, Ancona, Bologna and Florence, the levels measured in Rome were extremely low, about ten times lower than those measured in Florence, which were in turn ten times lower than those measured in Milan. In Orbassano the levels near serpentine quarries were slightly higher than the geologic background values. The geologic background level in Valle di Susa was approximately 1 fibre/litre (> 5 microns) and 2.5 fibres/litre (total fibres); asbestos fibres were totally absent in the mountain area with granitic rock. The clearly decreasing values of pollution starting from the northern cities down to Rome lead to the exclusion of motor vehicle traffic as one of the "primary" sources of fibre dispersion. In fact, traffic becomes significant in producing pollution only in the presence of other dispersion sources since it gives rise to "secondary" pollution consisting of ultra-thin fibres through grinding of coarse fibres dispersed from other sources and sedimented on the ground. The authors attribute the main responsibility in maintaining comparatively high concentrations of asbestos fibres in the urban areas of northern Italy to weathered asbestos-cement coverings which act as "primary" sources.

Air Pollutants↗