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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Galen on the seat of the mind: medical experiment and philosophical tradition].

In books I-VI of his On the doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato, the medical scientist and philosopher Galen of Pergamon (c. 129-210 CE) defends the platonic tripartition and trilocation of the soul against the cardiocentric theory endorsed by the Aristotelians, Stoics and many physicians. This article concentrates on Galen's anatomical experiments (vivisections) concerned with the nervous and arterial systems. These experiments are embedded in a theoretical framework derived in large part from Aristotelian theory of science. Though Galen is to some extent aware of certain theoretical problems involved in experimentation, notably that of experimental error, he remains in many respects a captive of a traditional debate, which is marked by a limited set of available options. Thus his experiments serve the purpose of confirming the platonic position, even though they are sometimes open to alternative interpretations.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phrenitis in Greco-Latin medicine].

Since the times the Hipocraticum Corpus was written, Phrenitis or Mental Confusion was described as a mental disorder related basically to fever, but also related to craneal traumatisms an others somatics ethiologies. The theorical background of the different schools was the same, the Phisis and Humors doctrine, but the results of their works were quite different. Cos school had a biographic approach, Cnido a systematic one, and Eclectics blended both with emphazis in treatment.

Confusion↗
PubMed1997

[The "Limophōros": Polybius III, 87, 2].

The word "limophōros", a hapax legomenon appearing in Polybius' Histories, does not mean scurvy, but rather scabies. Polybius created the word to describe an illness he believed was derived from a nutritional deficit, but can really only be seen as an attempt to describe an illness the etiology of which he was wholly unfamiliar.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Public health and children's well-being and health during antiquity.

The health and well-being of children depends on many factors. These factors may include: 1) geographic location, 2) genetic composition of the population, 3) existence of parasites and their hosts, 4) previous history of diseases (e.g. immunity) and 5) socio-economic structure (Grmek 1989). During the last two centuries, industrialized societies have successfully manipulated several of these factors for the benefit of children. But what were the possibilities in pre-industrial societies to improve public health and to promote the health of children? The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between public health and the health and well-being of children during Antiquity (roughly 500 B.C.-500 A.D.). To realize this aim, both written and archeological evidence was considered. Unfortunately both types of sources are biased, their data being defective with regard to children. Public health was not a major topic of interest for ancient authors (medical or others). There are few archaeological studies which have concentrated on public health aspects (e.g. water supply, sewers, housing conditions) of ancient societies.

Child↗
PubMed1997

The many Galens of the medieval commentators on vision.

It is my aim in this paper to discuss some aspects of the relationship between medieval medical authors and classical authorities. Historians of medicine have stressed the academic activities of medical masters as those of conciliation and explanation of authority. I will rather suggest that the explanation of classical authority was not the main aim of the medical masters but, in fact, its very construction. I would like to develop this possibility by analysing the nature of the approach to visual perception in academic medical circles at the end of the thirteenth century and the beginning of the fourteenth century.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

[The mad man and his doctor].

There weren't specialist physicians for mental diseases in Antiquity, but mad men were usually attended to by doctors from the time of Hippocrates to Late Antiquity. The therapies were generally physical (pharmaceutical and dietetic), but some schools of medicine (Asclepiades, Celsus, Caelius Aurelianus) took into consideration the psychological behaviour and experimented with a sort of relational therapy of madness.

Greek World↗
PubMed1997

Aretaeus on the kidney and urinary tract diseases.

Hippocratic medicine based on rational thought and clinical observation was the first to develop the speciality of nephrology. Five centuries later, Aretaeus of Cappadocia incorporated in his writings the achievements of anatomy and physiology from the flourishing Alexandrian School of Medicine. His work comprises two books on acute and two books on chronic diseases and this classification is extended into the field of treatment. Nephrological diseases are examined according to the above division and healing methods include, in particular, herb therapy.

Egypt, Ancient↗