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PubMedDate not supplied

A microcomputer-based procedure for carrying out rhinomanometry.

The determination of nasal airway resistance by the technique of anterior rhinomanometry is made difficult by several factors. Among these are the variability in the breath by breath measurement of airflow and pressure, the effect of under or over breathing, and the ability to produce a smooth transition between inspiration and expiration during which period the measurements are made. To overcome some of these problems a standard procedure has been developed (in our laboratory) for active anterior rhinomanometry. The nasal resistance is calculated from the mean of three sets of three readings with a rest interval between each set. To enable the procedure to be carried out with consistency it has been implemented on a BBC microcomputer. This enables a breathing guide to be provided for the subject, as well as providing a display of each flow pressure curve, a display of the mean curve, plus and minus one standard deviation, and the calculation of left, right and total nasal airway resistance.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed2000

The role of rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, and mucociliary transport time in the assessment of nasal patency.

We conducted a study of 60 patients with different nasal pathologies who complained of nasal obstruction. Our goal was to evaluate the reliability of rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, and the measurement of mucociliary transport time in helping make the diagnosis of nasal pathologies. We also sought to discover whether there is a correlation between the findings of these objective tests and the results of patients' own subjective assessments of nasal obstruction. We found that acoustic rhinometry was more specific and more sensitive than rhinomanometry in diagnosing rhinopathies in patients with structural anomalies. Symptom scores as rated by patients on the visual analog scale frequently did not correlate with objective measures, as patients often overestimated the severity of their obstruction. However, for a few patients, there was a correlation between symptom scores and mucociliary transport times.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of intranasal cromolyn sodium, 4%, and oral terfenadine for allergic rhinitis: symptoms, nasal cytology, nasal ciliary clearance, and rhinomanometry.

Topical intranasal cromolyn sodium, 4% solution, and oral terfenadine, 60 mg tablets, both relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis with few or no adverse effects, but no comparison of their relative efficacy has been reported. In this double-blind, double-dummy study, 79 patients, ages 12-56 years with symptoms of allergic rhinitis, were randomized to receive either active cromolyn sodium, 1 spray in each nostril QID, or active terfenadine BID along with the appropriate placebo spray or tablet for 4 weeks following a 1-week baseline qualification period. Patients' daily symptom scores were reviewed weekly and constituted the primary efficacy measures. Changes in nasal cytology, nasal ciliary clearance, and rhinomanometry were also assessed. The presence of adverse effects and the overall score of medication efficacy at the end of each week was recorded. The cromolyn sodium and terfenadine groups had comparable baseline scores for severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms and both treatments resulted in significant improvement (P less than .0001) with no statistical difference between them for total symptom scores at the end of 4 weeks. Eosinophils in nasal samples were decreased significantly in the cromolyn treated group with no significant change in the terfenadine-treated group. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in ciliary clearance or rhinomanometry. Adverse effects were uncommon and mild. We conclude that cromolyn sodium and terfenadine are comparably effective and well-accepted treatments for allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Positional rhinomanometry in specific nasal hyperreactivity].

Following up the results obtained in a previous work testing Positional Rhinomanometry in normal subjects, the authors performed this test in subjects affected with specific nasal hyperreactivity. The aim was to offer an objective evaluation of decubitus-caused variations in air flow resistance through the nasal cavities. Thirty subjects suffering from allergic rhinitis (18 from seasonal and 12 perennial allergic rhinitis) underwent Anterior Active Rhinomanometry during the intercritical period of the disease. Tests were performed in the seated, supine positions homolateral and contralateral to the fossa in question. The positional tests show a marked difference between normality and specific hyperreactivity as a consequence of paradoxical responses. Moreover it can indicate the greater increase in nasal resistance, expression of a clear disreactivity of the cavernous tissue stimulated by variations in posture and found mostly in the perennial allergic rhinitis subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of active anterior rhinomanometry and nasometry in the objective assessment of nasal obstruction.

Nasometry is an objective technique that was originally devised for assessing nasality of speech. It is based on a comparison of the acoustic output from the nose and the mouth for a given spoken word or phrase. Subjects with nasal obstruction tend to have "hyponasal" speech and this study compares the standard technique of active anterior rhinomanometry with nasometry in the objective assessment of nasal obstruction. There was a significant association between the Total Nasal Resistance (TNR) and the nasality measurements using nasophonemically enhanced test phrases in 15 adult subjects. This test has obvious advantages over rhinomanometry which can be difficult, time consuming and unreliable particularly in the younger and severely congested patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Some new clinical applications of rhinomanometry].

Clinical applications of active anterior rhinomanometry of the oscillation type had been carried out for the purposes other than the conventional uses of rhinomanometry. 1. Effect of acupuncture upon the nasal resistance to airflow: Among 8 acupuncture points which were recorded in Chinese traditional medical literatures as effective for improving nasal breathing, Ingxiang point had been proved to possess definite effect of lowering the nasal resistance to air-flow in patients with congestion of nasal mucosa, whereas in other acupuncture points this effect was not certain. 2. The severity of snoring before and after treatment could be determined objectively by the measurement of nasal resistance to air-flow and the breathing pattern of the patient.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computerized rhinomanometry in legal medicine].

The medico-legal evaluation of the damage deriving from nasal respiratory function handicap is based on anamnestic data and rhinoscopic findings. These parameters can actually be integrated by means of functional parameters obtained by rhinomanometry. Today such a method is reliable and well standardized. The possibility of obtaining some nasal function parameters by objective methodology is highly useful in clinical and forensic medicine. In the present work the mean values obtained from total nasal resistance testing have been matched with those referring to the single nasal cavity by submitting two groups to automated rhinomanometry: one of subjects with normal rhinoscopy, the other of subjects showing nasal stenosis. Each test was performed by submitting the patient to thirty minutes of acclimatization. The patient was sitting with a mask suitably hooked up to the rhinomanometer which was, in turn, interfaced to a P.C. by means of an original acquisition system. The preliminary calibration was automatically made once a day. If calibration was incorrect the program impeded data recording. On the basis of the obtained data an attempt was made to identify a nasal resistance value which could be considered as a threshold; a dividing line between normal and stenosis values. Analyzing the obtained parameters it was rather found that a band of intermediate values lay between certain nasal perviousness and "heavy" stenosis. In this manner it was possible to define the total and unilateral nasal resistance values below which ventilatory function is always normal as well as a value above which the resistance values of stenosis are significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Computer-assisted rhinomanometry (CAR)].

We developed a software program for computer-aided rhinomanometry (CAR) to assess the nasal resistance curve before calculating the rhinomanometrical parameters. This program forms the basis for correct processing of data in diseases associated with nasal obstruction. We were able to demonstrate the superiority of CAR over the conventional averaging of the resistance curves in 246 measurements. Thus computer-aided rhinomanometry opens up a wide range of diagnostic possibilities.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1988

[Normal values in rhinomanometry].

Despite various methods of investigation, there are few reports as to the normal values of nasal airway resistance. A total of 56 adult subjects free of any nasal disease underwent nasal airway resistance measurement using active anterior rhinomanometry according to the guidelines of the international committee on standardization of rhinomanometry. Inspiratory and expiratory resistance was measured before and after application of a topical decongestant spray. This test was reproducible in that 46 of the subjects underwent a second study with resistance values quite close to that of the initial measurement. The upper range of the total inspiratory nasal airway resistance was 0.45 Pa s/cm3 before and 0.3 Pa s/cm3 after decongestant administration. There was no statistically significant difference between the inspiratory and expiratory resistance measurements. No correlation could be made between nasal airway resistance, age, sex, height or weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Rhinomanometry and nasal peak expiratory and inspiratory flow rate.

Variation in nasal patency can be studied by rhinomanometry as well as by nasal expiratory and inspiratory peak flow rate. The accuracy of 12 sets of peak flow meters was tested in a standardized way using a pump. Differences between flow meters were found. Consequently it is recommended for a patient to use the same flow meter throughout a study. Comparison between nasal expiratory and inspiratory peak flow was performed before and after provocation of 12 grass pollen-allergic patients. Inspiratory peak flow showed certain advantages compared with expiratory peak flow measurements. The results can best be expressed as the means rather than the top values of three consecutive registrations. Twelve healthy subjects were also tested with rhinomanometry, nasal expiratory and inspiratory peak flow before and after decongestion with nose spray. Comparisons among the three methods showed significant correlations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Rhinomanometry at selection for adenoidectomy.

The effect of adenoidectomy in 90 consecutive children was related to nasal obstruction preoperatively in order to improve selection for the operation. Nasal airway resistance was evaluated by anterior rhinomanometry. The adenoidectomy had the best effect on the children with highest nasal airway resistance, after nasal decongestants. Rhinomanometry was found to be a useful method for the selection of children for adenoidectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1986

Nasal resistance measured by anterior rhinomanometry.

The technique and principle of the active anterior rhinomanometry were justified by human examination and model experiment. The resistance values obtained from anterior method did not always agree with those from posterior one. Causes of the disagreement were considered to be distortion of the nostrils, air leakage from the apparatus and resistive component in the nasopharynx. These possibilities were demonstrated and analyzed in model experiments. The anterior rhinomanometry was concluded as a precise and convenient method to assess the conductivity of the nasal cavities.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rhinomanometry study of patients with respiratory allergy].

To examine the accuracy of nasal allergic disease, we examined the results of skin tests, measurement of serum specific IgE (RAST), and the nasal response to nasal challenge in 886 patients clinically suspected of having allergic respiratory disease. Nasal responses were assessed by measuring nasal airway resistance by both active anterior and posterior rhinomanometry. Nasal airway resistance was determined 25 min. after intranasal nebulization of saline solution and after administration of increasing doses of allergen (maximum dose = 280 micrograms). The dose of allergen causing a 100% increase over the value obtained after saline (Ri) at a flow rate of 0.15 l.s-1 was taken as the threshold dose (Dl). Our findings were that active anterior and posterior rhinomanometry yield comparable results; in subjects with a positive response to antigen challenge, the increase in nasal airway resistance correlated well with the dose of allergen administered and a significant inverse relationship was found between Ri and Dl; 3) a high level of serum specific IgE accurately predicted nasal responsiveness to a particular allergen, whereas skin tests were often positive to allergens that had no detectable effect on the nasal resistance. We conclude that nasal allergen provocation tests with rhinomanometric measurement of nasal resistance is a useful procedure for diagnosis of nasal allergic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Active anterior rhinomanometry in pre- and postoperative evaluation, use of Broms' mathematical model.

The authors studied the value of the Broms' mathematical model for active anterior rhinomanometry in a pathological population. They compared all different variables of a pathological group with a normal group and found significant differences for v0, v2 and R. There existed no difference between the means of v0 before and after surgery. There existed, however, a strongly positive correlation between the expiration and inspiration value. The influence of surgery was always significant for the variables v1, v2, v3 and R. Furthermore, the absolute deviation between the computed values and the recorded values tended to be very small. So, the authors concluded that rhinomanometry is a valuable aid in judging pre- and postoperative results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[The place of rhinomanometry in septum surgery].

On 141 patients the nasal ventilation was measured by anterior rhinomanometry the day before septal surgery according to Cottle. 71 patients could be controlled in mean 54 days after surgery. 59 rhinomanometric measurements could be compared concerning nasal ventilation before and after surgery. There was statistically significance for improvement of nasal ventilation as well as symmetry. The method of anterior rhinomanometry is well suited to document and compare the nasal function in septal surgery for clinical interests.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Standardization of rhinomanometry.

Current methods of rhinomanometry used by various workers from around the world were investigated. The data for this communication were based on the studies of 11 scientists who have an accumulation of approximately 81 years of experience with more than 20,000 rhinometric examinations. The results of this survey provide a consensus of methods, procedures, data collection, and presentation which should be considered so that rhinomanometric uniformity may be achieved. It is fully recognized that standardization of rhinomanometry requires further inquiry and evaluation and that this is not the final communication on the subject but merely a current consensus from a limited few working in the field.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1981

Committee report on standardization of rhinomanometry.

Current methods of rhinomanometry used by various workers from around the world were presented. The data for this communication is based on the work from the International Committee on Rhinomanometric Standards who presented their information at the 8th Congress of the European Rhinologic Society, October 21, 1980, in Bologna, Italy. These workers have an accumulation of approximately 42 years of experience with more than 10,000 rhinomanometric examinations. The results of this summary provide a consensus of methods, procedures, data collection and presentation which should be considered so that rhinomanometric uniformity may be achieved. It is well recognized that standardization of rhinomanometry still requires further inquiry and evaluation. This is not the final communication on the subject but merely a progress report and current consensus from a few workers in the field.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, and the sensation of nasal patency: a correlative study.

Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry were used to evaluate the relationship between nasal cross-sectional areas, nasal resistances, and sensations of nasal patency. These parameters were measured before and after topical application of a nasal decongestant in 78 patients suffering from nasal obstruction. As subjects breathed voluntarily through both nasal cavities, no significant correlation was found between sensation of nasal patency and combined nasal minimum cross-sectional areas (r = .11) or of total airflow resistance (r = -.11) either before or after decongestion. However, when subjects were required to breathe through each nasal cavity separately, a significant correlation was found between ipsilateral sensation of nasal patency and both ipsilateral minimum cross-sectional area pre-decongestion (r = -.53, p < .0001) and post-decongestion (r = -.22, p < .01), and airflow resistance pre-decongestion (r = .42, p < .0001) and post-decongestion (r = .25, p < .01). A significant, negative, nonlinear relationship was also found between nasal minimum cross-sectional area and nasal resistance. Furthermore, acoustic rhinometry demonstrated that small intrusions into the lumen of the nose that might be missed by rhinoscopy produce an exponentially greater increase in nasal resistance measurements by rhinomanometry. The findings were most striking in the valve region. It is concluded that each of these objective and complementary measurement techniques provides a more reliable assessment of nasal patency than subjective evaluation by either patient or clinician and can thus provide valuable guidance in management of the symptom of nasal obstruction.

Acoustics↗