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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Antioxidant properties of isotorachrysone isolated from Rhamnus nakaharai.

Isotorachrysone inhibited iron-induced lipid peroxidation with an IC50 value of 1.64 +/- 0.08 microM in rat brain homogenates, and was comparable in potency to butylated hydroxytoluene and was more potent than alpha-tocopherol or desferrioxamine. The mechanism of antioxidant properties were then examined. Isotorachrysone could scavenge the stable free radical diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl. And it was an efficient direct scavenger of water-soluble peroxyl radicals with stoichiometry factor of 0.53 +/- 0.05 in the aqueous phase and also toward lipid-soluble peroxyl radicals in tissue homogenates. The oxygen consumption during peroxidation induced by radicals on human erythrocyte ghosts was suppressed by isotorachrysone. Furthermore, it was reactive towards superoxide anion with a second-order rate constant of 5.06 +/- 0.65 x 10(5) M-1 S-1. But it did not react with hydrogen peroxide detected within the sensitivity limit of our assay. Using ascorbate/iron ion/H2O2 as a hydroxyl radical generating system and deoxyribose as a probe, isotorachrysone was effective with hydroxyl radicals with a second-order rate constant of 3.88 +/- 0.54 x 10(11) M-1 S-1 under stimulation by iron-EDTA. On the other hand, isotorachrysone retarded the peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) initiated by both aqueous and lipophilic peroxyl radicals. And it also suppressed copper-catalyzed human LDL oxidation, as measured by fluorescence intensity, electrophoretic mobility, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results show that isotorachrysone is potentially an effective and versatile antioxidant, and can help protecting LDL against oxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of emodin, isolated from Rhamnus triquerta wall.

Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, isolated from the whole plant of R. triquerta, in 15 mg/kg dose (ip) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenin-induced pedal inflammation in rats. In the same dosage it also showed antiulcer activity against 4 hr pylorus-ligated, aspirin and immobilization stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats. It decreased acid and pepsin output and augmented mucus secretion in terms of total carbohydrate: protein ratio in the gastric juice of aspirin treated pylorus-ligated rats, indicating that the antiulcerogenic effect of emodin may be due to its effect on gastric secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Antimalarial activity of methanolic extracts from plants used in Kenyan ethnomedicine and their interactions with chloroquine (CQ) against a CQ-tolerant rodent parasite, in mice.

Methanolic extracts from 15 medicinal plants representing 11 families, used traditionally for malaria treatment in Kenya were screened for their in vivo antimalarial activity in mice against a chloroquine (CQ)-tolerant Plasmodium berghei NK65, either alone or in combination with CQ. The plant parts used ranged from leaves (L), stem bark (SB), root bark (RB), seeds (S) and whole plant (W). When used alone, extracts from seven plants, Clerodendrum myricoides (RB), Ficus sur (L/SB/RB), Maytenus acuminata (L/RB), Rhamnus prinoides (L/RB), Rhamnus staddo (RB), Toddalia asiatica (RB) and Vernonia lasiopus (RB) had statistically significant parasitaemia suppressions of 31.7-59.3%. In combination with CQ, methanolic extracts of Albizia gummifera (SB), Ficus sur (RB), Rhamnus prinoides and Rhamnus staddo (L/RB), Caesalpinia volkensii (L), Maytenus senegalensis (L/RB), Withania somnifera (RB), Ekebergia capensis (L/SB), Toddalia asiatica (L/RB) and Vernonia lasiopus (L/SB/RB) gave statistically significant and improved suppressions which ranged from 45.5 to 85.1%. The fact that these activities were up to five-fold higher than that of extract alone may suggest synergistic interactions. Remarkable parasitaemia suppression by the extracts, either alone or in combination with CQ mostly resulted into longer mouse survival relative to the controls, in some cases by a further 2 weeks. Plants, which showed significant antimalarial activity including Vernonia lasiopus, Toddalia asiatica, Ficus sur, Rhamnus prinoides and Rhamnus staddo warrant further evaluation in the search for novel antimalarial agents against drug-resistant malaria.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Differential response of delta13C and water use efficiency to arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in two aridland woody plant species.

During a revegetation field experiment in Southeast Spain, we measured foliar carbon isotope ratios (delta13C) and gas exchange parameters in order to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection on the water use efficiency (WUE) of two semiarid woodland species. WUE during drought was significantly enhanced by inoculation with Glomus intraradices in Olea europaea ssp sylvestris, but not in Rhamnus lycioides. While Olea is a long-lived, slow-growing evergreen tree with a conservative water use strategy, Rhamnus is a drought-deciduous shrub with a shorter lifespan; these differences may explain their dissimilar patterns of physiological response to inoculation with the same AM fungus. Differences in delta13C and WUE between Olea and Rhamnus were larger when comparing AM inoculated than non-inoculated seedlings. This result suggests that some of the interspecific variability in delta13C observed for aridland plant communities may be due to different physiological responses to mycorrhization.

Analysis of Variance↗