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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Neurologic disorders and respiration.

The impact of neurologic disorders on the respiratory system is considered as a functional-anatomic-pathologic sequence. Functional roles of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems in respiration are described. The effects of pathologic conditions are then discussed based on this functional-anatomic background.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed2000

Rhinosurgical therapy planning via endonasal airflow simulation.

Nowadays, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods play an important part in the production process of the automotive industry. Progress in recent years has made possible highly sophisticated airflow-simulation models that are used in engineering for optimization and verification of aerodynamics. The key purpose of the Simulation Tool for Airflow in the human Nose (STAN), developed at the Darmstadt University of Technology in cooperation with the University Hospital in Greifswald, is to use these techniques to support the rhinosurgeon in diagnosis and planning of therapy (Frühauf T, Mlynski G. Simulation and visualization of the air flow in the human nose. Proceedings of the First World Congress on Computational Medicine, Austin, Texas, 1994). A system has been developed that realizes a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the endonasal cavities based on computer tomography (CT) scans. This semiautomatic reconstruction method requires minimal manual intervention. The surface model is used to create an unstructured 3D volume mesh suitable for finite volume simulations. In this way, an individual simulation based on patient-specific data can be realized. At the University Hospital in Greifswald, experimental investigations and measurements are made in nasal models to verify the simulation result. The goal of this project is to investigate individual nasal complaints and to detect respiratory disorders. The surgeon should be able to simulate the disordered respiration before performing a surgical procedure, and thereby increase the effectiveness of surgical planning.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2002

Automated graphic assessment of respiratory activity is superior to pulse oximetry and visual assessment for the detection of early respiratory depression during therapeutic upper endoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Recommendations from the American Society of Anesthesiologists suggest that monitoring for apnea using the detection of exhaled carbon dioxide (capnography) is a useful adjunct in the assessment of ventilatory status of patients undergoing sedation and analgesia. There are no data on the utility of capnography in GI endoscopy, nor is the frequency of abnormal ventilatory activity during endoscopy known. The aims of this study were to determine the following: (1) the frequency of abnormal ventilatory activity during therapeutic upper endoscopy, (2) the sensitivity of observation and pulse oximetry in the detection of apnea or disordered respiration, and (3) whether capnography provides an improvement over accepted monitoring techniques. METHODS: Forty-nine patients undergoing therapeutic upper endoscopy were monitored with standard methods including pulse oximetry, automated blood pressure measurement, and visual assessment. In addition, graphic assessment of respiratory activity with sidestream capnography was performed in all patients. Endoscopy personnel were blinded to capnography data. Episodes of apnea or disordered respiration detected by capnography were documented and compared with the occurrence of hypoxemia, hypercapnea, hypotension, and the recognition of abnormal respiratory activity by endoscopy personnel. RESULTS: Comparison of simultaneous respiratory rate measurements obtained by capnography and by auscultation with a pretracheal stethoscope verified that capnography was an excellent indicator of respiratory rate when compared with the reference standard (auscultation) (r = 0.967, p < 0.001). Fifty-four episodes of apnea or disordered respiration occurred in 28 patients (mean duration 70.8 seconds). Only 50% of apnea or disordered respiration episodes were eventually detected by pulse oximetry. None were detected by visual assessment (p < 0.0010). CONCLUSIONS: Apnea/disordered respiration occurs commonly during therapeutic upper endoscopy and frequently precedes the development of hypoxemia. Potentially important abnormalities in respiratory activity are undetected with pulse oximetry and visual assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Evaluation of the external respiratory and lesser circulatory function in acute postinfarct cardiac aneurysm].

The function of pulmonary respiration was studied in 28 patients with acute postinfarction aneurysms of the heart, in 20 normal individuals and in 25 patients with transmural myocardial infarction non-complicated by by cardiac aneurysm. A comparative analysis of the obtained data has shown that patients with acute postinfarction aneurysms of the heart have more severe pulmonary respiration disorders than those with transmural myocardial infarctions. The degree of these disorders grows in accordance with the degree of circulation insufficiency. The authors believe the main cause of such pulmonary respiration disorders in cardiac aneurysms to consist in a reduced contractile capacity of the heart muscle with subsequent disturbances in the intracardiac haemodynamics and the development of pulmonary hypertension. The authors recommend to take into account the degree of pulmonary respiration disorders when determining the vital and occupational prognosis, as well as the indications for a surgical management of this complication of myocardial infarction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disorders of external respiration and oxygen transport and utilization in stress].

A specific hypoxic condition characterized by a combination of signs of hypoxic, circulatory, and primary tissue hypoxia develops in rats after 6-hour immobilization stress. Post-stress hypoxia is accompanied with accumulation of lactate, decompensated metabolic acidosis, and activation of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood and tissues. Besides, a complex of changes of external respiration, its regulation and biomechanics, inhibition of pulmonary gas exchange is encountered after the stress, which is linked with the development of specific stress damage to the lungs which can be characterized as the stress lung syndrome.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1987

[Disorders of respiration in patients before and after liver transplantation].

In 61 patients with chronic hepatic insufficiency parameters of regulation of ventilation, mechanics of breathing and gas exchange were determined pre and in 16 patients post liver transplantation. Preoperatively disturbances of control with increased central respiratory drive resulting in chronic hyperventilation and maladaptation of perfusion to ventilation were found. Successful liver transplantation resulted in regression of these disturbances to different degrees. We therefore conclude that disturbances of respiration in patients with chronic hepatic insufficiency are reversible after successful liver transplantation.

Airway Resistance↗