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PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of radioactive pollution on the character of the distribution of wild mouselike rodents according to the measure of lipid antioxidant activity in their organs].

The estimation of the degree of the radioactive contamination effect on the antioxidative status in tissues of rodents from natural populations is done by means of biometric methods. It is shown, that the character of distribution and variability of the lipids antioxidant activity (AOA) differs significantly depending of species and age of animals, the degree of contamination on areas where wild rodents were caught and time during which the radioactive factor affected. The change in character of the animals distribution in AOA of the brain lipids for the more radioresistant Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb, occurs the later than for the more radiosensitive Apodemus agrarius and especially for Microtus oeconomus Pall. The data obtained make possible to suppose, that the long-term effect of the low intensive ionizing radiation results the qualitative changes in the rodents natural populations state.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of chronic radiation exposure as one of risk factors of the development of cancer in industrial city residents exposed to radioactive pollution].

With the help of mathematical methods of pattern recognition the analysis of complex cancer risk factors was conducted aiming at estimation the role of chronic radiation exposure in development of lung and breast cancer in dwellers of an industrial city exposed to irregular radioactive contamination as a result of an accident at PO "Mayak". It was shown, that chronic radiation exposure is an important factor, influenced the development of malignant neoplasms in city population.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological study of the liver of mice-like rodents from areas of the Altai region exposed to radioactive pollution].

Morphofunctional liver state of two mice-like rodents species caught at the three areas of Altai region exposed to radiation during nuclear tests at Semipalatinsk site was studied. It was shown that the stereotype morphofunctional changes in the liver of both rodent species were developed under chronic influence of low doses of radiation and chemical contamination. These changes are manifested as dystrophic disorders of hepatocytes and hemodynamic disturbances accompanied by a decrease of volume ratio of sinusoidal capillaries to hepatocytes and stroma to parenchyma. Hyperglycogenosis, redistribution of the main cytoplasmic organelles, and considerably reduction of the volume densities of mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum are the leading ultrastructural changes. Moreover, character and manifestation of the changes are determined by ecological belonging and correlated with intensity of anthropogenic pollution. The role of these changes in development of long-term pathology are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Accidents with radioactive pollution. Can we do something?].

Nuclear accidents are a cause of widespread fear. Treatment of patients exposed to high doses of total body irradiation has very often been ineffective. The use of hematopoietic growth factors may be a new way of treating these patients. This article describes results from studies of total body irradiated animals and clinical experience from treating humans who have been involved in nuclear accidents. G-CSF or GM-CSF administered within three hours after a nuclear accident seems to be of value. Surprisingly, so far bone marrow transplantation seems to be of limited value. Intravenous transfusions of thrombocytes and red blood cells, and the treatment of burns and gastrointestinal symptoms, are important parts of the medical therapy.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic effect in the seeds from natural Crespis tectorum populations in long-term storage subjected to chronic irradiation as a result of the radioactive pollution in a 30-kilometer area of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Seeds of the 1st and 3d Crepis tectorum natural populations subjected to chronic irradiation during 4 months in 1986 within 30 km zone of Chernobyl accident were stored for 5 years in laboratory. For this period germination capacity of 1st population seeds decreased but the seeds retained a germination capacity up to 1992 were characterized by the increased germination rate. The germination capacity and the germination rate of 3d population seeds did not change. The frequency of metaphases with chromosome aberrations in the first mitotic cycle of root tip meristematic cells of seedlings increased after 5 year storage: from 9.1 +/- 0.44 to 13.0 +/- 0.57% in 1st population and from 2.6 +/- 0.27 to 3.8 +/- 0.38% in 3d population.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[Study on consequences of radioactive iodine pollution and iodine prophylaxis after the Czernobyl accident in the Krakow region].

Program of investigations of effects of radiation and iodine prophylaxis undertaken after Czarnobyl accident in Kraków region had to be modified due to goiter endemy in this region. These modifications included: 1) Division of the region into 3 areas (voivodship Nowy Sacz, urban voivodship Kraków and area of Kielce and Swietokrzyskie mountains). 2) Study on iodine uptake in food and urinary secretion. 3) Examination of iodine level in drinking water, add an attempt of calculation of radiation dose absorbed by thyroid. Characterization of selected areas, principles of selection of study groups are presented as well as organizational details and methods of data collection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Chromosome breakage at sites of oncogenes in a population accidentally exposed to radioactive chemical pollution.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the level of aberrations at fragile sites of chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the population of an area polluted with radionuclides, following an accident at the Siberian Chemical Plant. We carried out the micronucleus test to screen people with radiation-related cytogenetic effects. Of the 1246 inhabitants of the settlement of Samus examined, 148 showed a significantly increased frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes and were selected for chromosome analysis as a radiation-exposed group. Additional analysis was carried out on 40 patients with gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis with stage II-III epithelial dysplasia. Eighty six individuals from a non-polluted area were used as a control group. Chromosomal breaks and exchanges occurred preferentially in chromosomes 3 and 6 among radiation-exposed persons and patients. The regions 3p14-25 and 6p23 were damaged most often. There was a tendency to preferential involvement of q21-25 of chromosome 6 in patients with gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis. Specific damage at certain chromosome sites was observed in the radiation-exposed population as well as in patients with gastric cancer. Most often this damage was located near oncogene loci, which could imply that chromosome damage induced by radiation is likely to be a predisposing factor to the expression of oncogenes and malignant transformation of cells in exposed individuals.

Adult↗