[A method for researching the local physiological effects of exposure to millimeter radio waves on biological objects].
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Haematological parameters were measured in 43 radar operators employed in air traffic control occupationally exposed to microwave radiation of low intensity over a period of four years. Exposure to heat, soft X-ray radiation and noise were within maximally allowed limits. The haematological changes included a decreased number of erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets, segmented granulocytes and monocytes, and an increased number of leucocytes and lymphocytes. The changes were not pathologically significant and most of them were reversible.
The effects of a high frequency electro-magnetic field, generated by a Diapulse instrument (Diapulse Corporation of America) on rat liver has been investigated. Ultrastructural aspects are described and quantitative determinations of mitochondrial enzymes MAO, CyT-Ox, MDH, SDH and ATP-ase recorded. The standard therapeutic parameters generally used with the Diapulse instrument in medicine were found to induce a stimulation effect at the investigated level, without apparent degenerative modifications. A concordance between the qualitative ultrastructural data and quantitative subcellular enzymic determinations has been observed.
Electromagnetic radiation is present in increasing amounts in our environment, and its potential effects on human (and animal) health has been investigated. It remains unclear whether the risk of acute childhood leukemia is associated with cumulative exposure to magnetic fields. An association with brain cancer and colon cancer has been suggested in electrical company workers. The radars used by police departments may increase the incidence of cancer. Electromagnetic radiation may play a role in a number of disorders such as depression and memory loss. It has been established that cell phones interfere with pacemakers only if direct contact occurs and have no effect if held in their normal position. Interferences have been reported between pacemakers and shop-lifting detectors.
About 4000 Danish employees may be significantly exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF) or microwaves (MW) during work in the health sector or industrially. Exposure measurements and classifications are difficult, therefore, epidemiological as well as experimental research in the field is complicated. High exposure induces elevation of body temperature or local heating ("hot spots"). Some biological effects from RF/MW exposure seem to be mediated by heating, others are considered to be athermic. Epidemiological studies do not indicate that RF/MW should be carcinogenic, and experimental studies have not shown the radiation to be mutagenic or carcinogenic. Epidemiological studies among physiotherapists have indicated that RF may have reproductive effects. In one study, an association between ischaemic heart disease and exposure to RF is observed. The cataractogenic property of MW is supposed to be mediated by elevation in lens temperature following relatively high exposure. However, in the light of the problems in exposure classification, the epidemiological research may not be conclusive, and attempts should be made to improve the methods. In addition, Danish experience points out a number of methods of exposure reduction in the working environment.
Results of experimental and clinical investigations of using radioknife "Surgitron" for dissection and coagulation of tissues were compared. In 145 experiments the possibility to dissect different tissues (skin, muscles, fascia) and parenchymatous organs of the abdominal cavity was studied. The specific course of reparative processes was analyzed at different periods after operation. In clinical conditions the radioknife was used for operative interventions on 520 patients: in 91 cases the device was used for dissection and coagulation of hollow organs and in 73 cases--of parenchymatous organs of the abdominal cavity, in 356 patients radioknife was used for plastic operations. The radioknife "Surgitron" was established to be very good for dissection of tissues. The coagulating effect was weak. The zone of undesirable lateral necrosis was negligible, and often it was absent that makes favorable conditions for the reparative processes. On the basis of clinical and experimental investigations it was established that using radioknife "Surgitron" is indicated and expedient in plastic and esthetic surgery because it is in this field where the positive properties of radiowave action can have maximal realization taking into account the requirements of the means and quality of dissection of tissues.
The nurse as a primary care provider professional participates actively in health education activities. Within the spoken language, the radio, because of its power of penetration, assumes an important role in the dissemination of health information. Thus, the School of Nursing at Santo Amaro University, in São Paulo, Brazil, initiated a series of community health programs using the services of the university radio. The purpose of this paper is to report on the experience of elaborating and implementing the weekly programs "Healthy Life" and "People taking care of People", in first one implemented in 1996. Due to the positive results obtained, this activity became part of the University Extension Program with the participation of teachers and students.
A mechanism is described whereby the optical radiation from stars embedded in dust-filled HII regions may be converted to microwave and longwave radio emissions.
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