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Results for “Psychosocial development”

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PubMed1999

Religious involvement and adolescent psychosocial development.

The purpose of this study was to determine if religious involvement was associated with psychosocial maturity of adolescents as understood in Erikson's psychosocial theory. Three forms of religious involvement (attendance at religious services, participation in a Bible study group, and youth group involvement) were examined in relation to ego strengths, ideological and ethnic forms of identity, general self-esteem, and school self-esteem. Questionnaires were completed by 62 African-American and 63 European-American students in the 11th grade. All participants were from rural areas in West Virginia and of lower income status. Ego strengths of hope, will, purpose, fidelity, love, and care were associated with various forms of religious involvement. These associations were most apparent for European-Americans. Although ideological identity was not related to religious involvement, higher ethnic identity was associated with being African-American, especially for those more religiously involved. General self-esteem was not significant in the analyses, but school self-esteem was higher for each form of religious involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial development and corrective shoewear use in childhood.

To assess the short- and long-term psychosocial effects of wearing modified shoes during childhood, we compared measures of self-esteem and self-image of 46 adults who wore shoe modifications during childhood with 92 adult controls. The treated cases characterized their remembrance of the experience through a subjective report questionnaire. Those who wore shoe modifications during childhood showed lower self-esteem than controls (p < 0.05). In addition, the treated recalled a decrease in their self-image (41%), the experience as negative (57%), being teased about their footwear (47%), and having their activities limited (41%). These findings show that wearing shoe modifications during childhood, in addition to being ineffective and unnecessary as demonstrated in prior studies, is a negative experience in childhood and is associated with lower self-esteem in adult life. Such data suggest that children who wore modified footwear may fall into the spectrum of the vulnerable child syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Psychosocial development of an opiate addict--a catamnestic study].

In the summer of 1974, 204 opiate users in West Berlin were extensively interviewed in regard to their present living conditions (housing situation, employment, social contacts, use of drugs, subjective complaints, vocational goals, political und ideological orientation), their family background (education of parents, occupation of parents, intactness of family, family atmosphere, type of child rearing methods used by the parents, other addicts in the family), and the development of the opiate addict himself (significant personal relationships in childhood and adolescence, psychosocial disturbances prior to use of drugs, addictive behavior prior to use of drugs, educational and vocational background). The results of this catamnestic study were presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of timing of surgery on the intellectual and psychosocial development of children with tetralogy of Fallot].

Chronic hypoxemia in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot may influence intellectual and social development. Even though the physical situation is the most important factor for the time of operation, psychosocial aspects should be considered as well. 24 children underwent intelligence tests and questionnaires, 13 of them having had surgery in early infancy, 11 between 7 and 11 years of age. No significant difference was noted between the two groups concerning early childhood development and mean IQ. Early operation does appear to improve the social situation. Such children are able to participate in kindergarten, start school in time and pass through school without delay. These results suggest a possible beneficial relief of the stressed situation of the whole family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

In vitro fertilization children: early psychosocial development.

Following community concerns regarding the status of children conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), 33 children who had received pediatric follow-up were seen for a psychosocial evaluation. Parents were interviewed in a semistructured format by a child psychiatrist regarding their child's development, child-centered problems, parental problems, marital issues, parenting experience, and experience of the IVF program. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to the children by a clinical psychologist. Children's ages ranged from 12 to 37 months (the majority between 12 and 20 months). There was a high incidence of prematurity and twins in the population seen. Twenty-two children had no current problems and seven presented minor problems. Of the four with significant developmental problems, two had been very low-birth weight infants with significant neurological problems and one had severe congenital heart disease. Overall Bayley Scale scores were within the normal range and parents as a group were seen to function well. Problems presented were in accordance with those expected in a population of this age range, particularly considering the high incidence of prematurity.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Using personal and fictional documents to assess psychosocial development: a case study of Vera Brittain's generativity.

Adult diaries and novels written by the British feminist and pacifist Vera Brittain (1893-1970) were content analyzed for Eriksonian themes of identity, intimacy, and generativity. Brittain's concerns with identity and intimacy decreased over time, while her generative concerns increased, suggesting that she expressed the issue of generativity vs. stagnation in her mid-life diaries and fiction. The large number of identity themes relative to both intimacy and generativity provokes speculations about Brittain's personality, the characteristics of writers, the influence of gender, the impact of society, and the possibility that the crisis of identity vs. role confusion involves the last major structural change in personality development. This archival case study is consistent with Erikson's notion of a sequence of concerns with psychosocial issues, although directions for theoretical revision and elaboration are discussed.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2006

Growing up with idiopathic short stature: psychosocial development and hormone treatment; a critical review.

To facilitate decisions on interventions in medically referred children with idiopathic short stature, the research on psychosocial functioning of these children, possible risk and protective factors influencing adaptation, and effects of hormone treatment were reviewed. Parents ranked the behaviour of their children on average between normal and below normal. The magnitude of these deviations varied from small to large. Little is known about the children's self-perceived psychosocial functioning. Some risk factors were found: being teased, being juvenilised, being a boy, having a younger but taller sibling, low intelligence, and low socioeconomic status. There have been few studies on the impact of protective factors including temperament, coping strategies, and social support. On average, hormone treatment did not improve psychosocial functioning. The research shows the advantages and disadvantages of hormone treatment that must be considered when choosing a suitable intervention. It is suggested that psychosocial adjustment can be improved by focusing on factors other than height alone.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

[Language development: psychosocial requirements for communication].

This work describes the social and psychological characteristics of attachment adults. These features are considered as sociopsychological prerequisites for the child language development. The focus is put on the so-called no formal education, suitable for these attachment adults who are involved affectively and emotionally. Some educational strategies to be practised at home are also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relationships among hope, psychosocial development, and locus of control.

29 male and 79 female undergraduate and graduate students took the 1986 Miller Hope Scale, Beck's 1988 Hopelessness Scale, Erikson's Psychosocial Stage Inventory, Levenson's 1972 Locus of Control Scale and rated their present state of hopefulness on a 10-point scale. As expected, scores on both the Miller Hope Scale and the self-rated hope scale were negatively correlated with scores on Beck's Hopelessness Scale, but positively with scores on Erikson's Psychosocial Stage Inventory. Thus, greater hopelessness was associated with more successful resolution of psychosocial issues. The Miller Hope Scale was negatively and Beck's Hopelessness Scale was positively associated on the Locus of Control Scale with viewing control as from powerful others or chance. Therefore, lack of hopefulness was related with the perception that external factors control one's life. The Miller Hope Scale and scores on self-rated hopefulness were not significantly correlated. The concept of hope is more complex than currently measured by any single scale and requires further refinement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applicability of a Western-developed psychosocial group intervention for Japanese patients with primary breast cancer.

This paper examines the applicability of psychosocial group intervention for Japanese patients with primary breast cancer. The study included two phases. First, we examined the applicability for Japanese patients of an intervention model developed in a Western country. The model, based on the work of Fawzy and Fawzy (1994) on a structured psychosocial group intervention for cancer patients, is a series of six 1.5-h sessions that incorporate health education, coping-skills training, relaxation training and psychological support. Second, we formulated a Japanese version of the intervention model by modifying areas identified as inappropriate by participants in the first-phase study. We then evaluated this by conducting sessions of the modified model with 44 additional breast cancer patients. Of the ten participants in the first-phase pilot study, three (30%) dropped out and several inappropriate areas were reported. The areas requiring significant change were the provision of medical information and communication style with family members and doctors. No participants dropped out of the modified version, and very few found any program areas to be inappropriate. The findings suggests that psychosocial group intervention is applicable for Japanese breast cancer patients when the model accounts for cultural differences.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Psychosocial development in adolescents with Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition in which part or all of the second X chromosome is missing. Our goal in this study was to examine the psychosocial adjustment of a sample of adolescent girls with Turner syndrome. Subjects included 122 girls with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS) and a control group of 108 girls with no genetic disorder or chronic illness. Subjects were 13 to 18 years of age. A battery of questionnaires assessing social, academic, school, and behavioral functioning was administered. TS girls were seen as having significantly more problems in terms of social relationships and school progress and were more likely to meet criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder than control girls. The TS girls were also rated by a parent as less socially competent (e.g., fewer friends, less time with friends) than the control group. Social difficulties appear to be an area of vulnerability for TS girls. Counseling individuals with Turner syndrome and their families about the need to carefully develop and nurture social skills and relationships may prove useful in advancing the social adaptation of these young women.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

[Symptoms of dementia misdiagnosed as psychosocial development disorder in congenital aqueduct stenosis].

The paper describes a case in which symptoms of dementia basing on a chronic psycho-organic syndrome together with congenital aqueduct stenosis were for years erroneously regarded as indicating psychosocial maldevelopment. Emphasis is laid on the need to consider the possibility of a process of dementia, even if maldevelopment of the personality only displays mild neurological symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Pregnancy in adolescence--psychosocial development of young mothers and their children].

Hitherto existing concepts on circumstances favouring pregnancies in adolescents have mainly focussed attention on physically precocious maturity, on social risks and on the type of personality of the pregnant adolescents. Based on our material this opinion seems to be in need of correction. Changing of the validity of these factors may be suggested due to psychosocial conditions in connection with both the acceleration of maturity and a new estimation of sexuality including heterosexual development at earlier stages of life. Children from 100 juvenile mothers were clinically and psychologically investigated at the age of 7 years. Neither serious social problems in the children nor considerable deviations of mean average of the physical, mental or social age specific standards could be observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Developing psychosocial care for acute psychiatric wards.

The author has reviewed current literature which suggests that it is possible to utilize psychosocial interventions within inpatient care. Through discussion of specific interventions including medication, cognitive behavioural therapy, coping strategy enhancement and education, problems are identified which can impede nurses from developing these skills.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Psychosocial development of urban children (below 2 years) using culture appropriate indicators of development.

Six hundred essentially normal children 15 days-2 years were randomly assessed for their nutritional and developmental status. Measurement of the mid-upper-arm circumference using the Jellife's technique was employed for a quick nutritional survey. For developmental assessment, the WHO suggested culture appropriate psychosocial Basic Test Battery was used. Shakir's classification of the results did not reveal any malnutrition. Analysis of the data revealed 'at par' performances in Gross Motor, Hearing and Self Help skills and delays in Vision and Fine Motor, Language and Concept Skills. Social skills were particularly advanced.

Child Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurocognitive and psychosocial development in SGA and the indication for growth hormone therapy].

After recent approval of treatment indication for growth hormone therapy (GHT) in SGA (small for gestational age) treatment expectations do not only refer to improvement of growth parameters but also to enhancement of suspected impairments of neurocognitive, behavioural and educational development. Clinical prognosis, however, is difficult which specific developmental risks are to be expected in the individual case and if their course may response to GHT. The paper reviews recent findings of clinical and population-based studies on neurocognitive and psychosocial outcome in SGA and delineates an integrative framework on the emergence and course of potential developmental risk comprising three major causes: Conclusions are drawn for the clinical differentiation of specific adaptation difficulties towards short stature versus global, short stature independent behavioral disorders. Psychosocial outcome parameters can be expected to respond best to endocrinological growth stimulation in conditions with a high specific short stature related maladjustment; in turn, the relevance of child psychology interventions increases in conditions with global disturbance and short stature independent origin.

Body Height↗
PubMed1994

Screening test battery for assessment of psychosocial development.

A multicentric cross-sectional collaborative study was undertaken in 3 centres in India with the main aim of developing simple and reliable indicators for the early detection of developmental disabilities in children under 6 years of age and to compare the age of attainment of developmental milestones in children in the three regions. The study provided a simple low-cost and culture-appropriate psychosocial developmental screening test battery which can be used with ease by trained public health grass-roots functionaries. This instrument was standardized on a large rural, tribal and urban sample comprising more than 13,000 children from 3 regions in India. The procedure for sampling, selection of items and methodology for standardization of the instrument in the Hyderabad region detailed in this paper were replicated in other centres as well. Quality control of data was ensured through inter-rater and test-retest measures of reliability. During pre-testing, 66 culture-appropriate milestones were selected finally from a larger item pool. The 50th centile age reference values of the Hyderabad study children and those obtained by other 2 centres were comparable.

Aptitude Tests↗