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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Histopathological changes in the proventriculus of fowl given experimental monospecific infection with Acuaria spiralis.

The pathological changes in the proventriculi of fowls given monospecific experimental infection with Acuaria spiralis were characterized in the initial stages by an acute inflammation due to the migration of 3rd and 4th stage larvae. There was a severe non-keratinizing squamous cell metaplasia of the lining epithelium with pronounced granulocytic infiltration at 4-8 days post-infection. Multiple lymphoid nodules were evident in the lamina propria from 12 days post-infection. As the disease progressed there was extensive fibroplasia in the organ. By 50-100 days post-infection pedunculated fibro-adenamatoid growths developed in the mucosa obliterating the entire lumen of the organ. A mortality rate of 29.16% of chicks (maximum on the 3rd week post-infection) was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Stability of porcine and microbial lipases to conditions that approximate the proventriculus of young birds.

In vitro experiments were conducted to characterize the activity and the stability of lipase from animal (crude porcine, CPL; lyophilized porcine, LPL), fungal (Rhizopus arrhizus, RAL; Aspergillus niger, ANL), and bacterial (two Pseudomonas spp., PL1, PL2; and Chromobacterium viscosum, CVL) sources when exposed to conditions associated with the glandular stomach. Activity was measured at pH 3 to 8, 40 C and then monitored in response to temperature (40 C), time of exposure (0 and 30 min), pH (3 and 7), and pepsin level (5, 50, and 500 U/mL). All lipases except ANL and CVL had maximum activity at pH 7 to 8. The optimal pH for ANL and CVL were 5 and 6 to 8, respectively. Exposure of lipases to 40 C and pH 7 for 30 min reduced the activity of all lipases except ANL. In contrast, 40 C increased ANL activity 2.5-fold. Although activity of all lipases was reduced by exposure to pH 3, it was nearly eliminated for CPL and LPL. Pepsin concentration had only minor effects on lipase activity and then only at high concentration. The results demonstrate that bacterial lipases (PL1, PL2, and CVL) and ANL are more stable under conditions that approximate the glandular stomach and may explain why dietary porcine lipase has been ineffective in preventing fat malabsorption in previous in vivo studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Distribution and developmental change of lymphoid tissues in the chicken proventriculus.

In the chicken proventricular mucosa, aggregations of lymphocytes were localized in three different sites of the lamina propria, namely, underneath the surface epithelium, near the duct orifice of the deep proventricular gland, and in the gland tissue itself. In the lymphoid masses underneath the surface epithelium and in those near the duct orifice, CD4+ T lymphocytes and TCR2+ T lymphocytes occupied their central part, and B lymphocytes were localized in the periphery. CD8+ T lymphocytes and TCR1+ lymphocytes were evenly distributed in the masses. Infiltration of lymphocytes into these sites was first observed on the 20th embryonic day. At 1 week after hatching, CD3+ lymphocytes began to occupy the central area of the masses and His-C1+ B lymphocytes tended to be located in the periphery. Ultrastructurally, M cells were found neither in the epithelium of the mucosa nor in that of the excretory duct close to the lymphoid masses. In the deep proventricular gland, the lymphoid masses had a germinal center consisting of B lymphocytes, surrounded by the T lymphocyte-rich periphery. These masses were first recognized at the 3rd post-hatching week, presumably being formed against possible antigens invading into the lumen of the proventricular gland. On the other hand, the lymphoid masses beneath the surface epithelium and those near the duct orifice existing before the hatching period were considered to be prepared to establish the local mucosal immune barriers against the expectant antigenic invasion.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The relative frequency and topographical distribution of somatostatin-, GRP-, APP-, glucagon-, 5-HT-, and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the proventriculus of seven species of birds.

The relative frequency and topographical distribution of proventricular endocrine cells were examined immunohistochemically in seven species of birds: common finch, pigeon, quail, chicken, duck, gull and kite. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-, glucagon-, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were observed in this study. GRP- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were found in all species examined. All six kinds of immunoreactive cells were found with varying frequency in the pigeon, quail and gull, but not all immunoreactives were found in the other species examined. Species differences with regard to the relative frequency and topographical distribution of proventricular endocrine cells were observed.

Animals↗