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Objectives and guidelines for dental components in Project Head Start in Georgia.
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Project Head Start: aprons to cover their dirty clothes.
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Assessment of the utility of Project Head Start for the culturally deprived: an evaluation of social and psychological functioning.
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Kentucky society cooperates in Project Head Start.
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A report on project head start.
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The optometrist and project head start.
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Experience in Project Head Start: a method of acquainting pediatric house staff with primary health screening and community resources.
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Vision care in Project Head Start.
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Time out for project head start.
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The cDNA sequencing project.
The Dictyostelium discoideum cDNA sequencing project started in 1995, preceding the genome sequencing project. Altogether, 14 cDNA libraries, including full-length ones, were constructed from five different stages of growth and asexual and sexual development, from which nearly 100,000 randomly chosen clones were sequenced to yield over 150,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The data have been publicized online to facilitate clone distribution and collaboration using the whole clone set for microarray analyses. The EST reads were assembled to 6700 independent genes, which constitute about 55% of the total estimated Dictyostelium genes. Utilization of wet and dry resources have contributed to the understanding of the genetic system controlling the multicellular development in Dictyostelium.
Filamentous micro-organisms observed in industrial activated sludge plants.
As part of the EU-sponsored MACOBS (Monitoring and Control of Bulking Sludge through Molecular Probe Assays) project, the size and the composition of the filamentous population in 73 industrial activated sludge plants, were investigated. The inventory included plants in Denmark, Germany, Italy and The Netherlands. Large filamentous populations were present in about 60% of the plants, which means that bulking of activated sludge, which is no longer a serious problem in modern domestic nutrient removal plants, still occurs frequently in industrial treatment plants. The filamentous micro-organisms present were identified/described by "traditional" methods, based on their morphological features and several staining techniques, and by the application of molecular probes (FISH: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation). Nine species specific probes were available when the project started, nine new probes have been developed during the project. Fifty nine different filamentous species were observed in the samples, including ca. 40 species that have not been described so far. The unknown species are denoted as Type Ind-1, 2, 3, etc. Probes are now available for the identification of about 17 species. Further research aimed at developing additional probes will be necessary in order to establish which species distinguished provisionally are identical, viz. morphotypes of the same filamentous organism.
Finnish PACS project.
A Finnish PACS project has been set up with the participation and financing of 13 university and central hospitals, the Medical Board of Finland, the Hospital League of Finland, the Post and Teleoffice of Finland and the Helsinki Telephone Company with the Medical Engineering Laboratory of the Technical Research Centre of Finland as the principal investigator. The project started in December 1988 and ended in December 1990. The project focused on the functional needs for PACS. The image production, archive sizes, network capacity and workstation requirements have been studied in a big university hospital. The results show that without compression the image archive size needs to be at least 10 TB. The network capacity requirement depends very much on the interactivity requirements. In normal situations less than 1 Mbit/s is needed, if the network is configured in an efficient way. In some cases, however, the speed requirement can be of the order of 100 Mbit/s. A proposal for a hospital-wide PACS network was made. Simple calculation rules to estimate the needed capacities were also developed.
General guidelines for the assessment of internal dose from monitoring data: progress of the IDEAS project.
In recent major international intercomparison exercises on intake and internal dose assessments from monitoring data, the results calculated by different participants varied significantly. Based on this experience the need for harmonisation of the procedures has been formulated within an EU 5th Framework Programme research project. The aim of the project, IDEAS, is to develop general guidelines for standardising assessments of intakes and internal doses. The IDEAS project started in October 2001 and ended in June 2005. The project is closely related to some goals of the work of Committee 2 of the ICRP and since 2003 there has been close cooperation between the two groups. To ensure that the guidelines are applicable to a wide range of practical situations, the first step was to compile a database of well-documented cases of internal contamination. In parallel, an improved version of an existing software package was developed and distributed to the partners for further use. A large number of cases from the database was evaluated independently by the partners and the results reviewed. Based on these evaluations, guidelines were drafted and discussed with dosimetry professionals from around the world by means of a virtual workshop on the Internet early in 2004. The guidelines have been revised and refined on the basis of the experiences and discussions in this virtual workshop. The general philosophy of the Guidelines is presented here, focusing on the principles of harmonisation, optimisation and proportionality. Finally, the proposed Levels of Task to structure the approach of internal dose evaluation are reported.
Final results of the Austrian Radon Project.
The Austrian Radon Project started in 1992 and ended in 2001. The Austrian Radon Project had two aims: firstly, finding areas of enhanced indoor radon concentration for future radon mitigations, and, secondly, defining areas with elevated radon risk where radon safe construction is necessary for new houses. The project was based on systematic indoor measurements in randomly selected houses using different types of detectors. Successful intercomparison tests were made in a radon chamber, but simultaneous measurements by different detectors normally used in homes deviated sometimes up to a factor of two. We have to assume that this results from manipulations of the detectors by the inhabitants. The mean radon concentration in Austrian homes was found to be 99 Bq m(-3). A radon potential was derived from the results of the measurements and the information received from questionnaires. This radon potential was defined as an expected radon concentration in a standard situation and characterizes the radon risk from ground sources with all the influences of different living situations eliminated. A mean radon potential was computed for every municipality and the information is displayed as a map. The uncertainty and the reliability of the classification of municipalities according to the radon potential are discussed in more detail and compared with results from Switzerland.
Environmental Management and the New Politics of Western Water: The Animas-La Plata Project and Implementation of the Endangered Species Act.
/ This paper explores the new politics of western water policy through an examination of the Animas-La Plata water project and implementation of the Endangered Species Act. It is suggested that the focus of western water programming has shifted from the source of distributed funds, the United States Congress, to the agencies originally created to deliver federal benefits because funding for new project construction has not been forthcoming. Under this new system, members of Congress continue to excite their constituents with promises of money for new project starts, while the administrative agencies perform the myriad duties needed to keep these projects alive. The result is that political objectives have replaced operational/management objectives in administrative processes. In this case, the author demonstrates how resource managers in the Bureau of Reclamation manipulated hydrological analysis to control administrative process, why their manipulation was unfair, and perhaps illegal, and why biologists from the US Fish and Wildlife Service accepted the analysis. While ostensibly protecting all interests, the result is that none of the objectives of federal water programming are achieved. KEY WORDS: Environmental management; Administrative politics; Water policy; Endangered Species Act; Animas-La Plata, Bureau of Reclamation