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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Change in spatial distribution patterns of a biennial plant between growth stages and generations in a patchy habitat.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate factors causing change in spatial distribution patterns of plants between growth stages and generations for a monocarpic biennial plant, Lysimachia rubida. It was assumed that habitat heterogeneity was a primary factor determining spatial patterns of plants, and a randomization procedure was developed for testing the null hypothesis that only spatial association with ground surface conditions determined spatial patterns of plants. METHODS: A 5-year demographic census was conducted on an open dry habitat that was heterogeneous with regard to the ground surface conditions. KEY RESULTS: There was significant habitat association in that plants at vegetative and reproductive stages were denser in areas with smaller gravel than with larger gravel. Point process analyses rejected the null hypothesis of the spatial association with ground surface conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that other factors, such as patchy seed dispersal, secondary dispersal of the seeds and life-history variation at various spatial scales, also affected spatial patterns of individuals in a population of L. rubida. Spatial structures and dynamics of a local population in a patchy habitat represent various performances of plants within patches and seed dispersal within a patch and beyond the patch.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed2003

Reversibility of cold- and light-stress tolerance and accompanying changes of metabolite and antioxidant levels in the two high mountain plant species Soldanella alpina and Ranunculus glacialis.

Two high mountain plants Soldanella alpina (L.) and Ranunculus glacialis (L.) were transferred from their natural environment to two different growth conditions (22 degrees C and 6 degrees C) at low elevation in order to investigate the possibility of de-acclimation to light and cold and the importance of antioxidants and metabolite levels. The results were compared with the lowland crop plant Pisum sativum (L.) as a control. Leaves of R. glacialis grown for 3 weeks at 22 degrees C were more sensitive to light-stress (defined as damage to photosynthesis, reduction of catalase activity (EC 1.11.1.6) and bleaching of chlorophyll) than leaves collected in high mountains or grown at 6 degrees C. Light-stress tolerance of S. alpina leaves was not markedly changed. Therefore, acclimation is reversible in R. glacialis leaves, but constitutive or long-lasting in S. alpina leaves. The different growth conditions induced significant changes in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (qN) and the contents of antioxidants and xanthophyll cycle pigments. These changes did not correlate with light-stress tolerance, questioning their role for light- and cold-acclimation of both alpine species. However, ascorbate contents remained very high in leaves of S. alpina under all growth conditions (12-19% of total soluble carbon). In cold-acclimated leaves of R. glacialis, malate represented one of the most abundant compounds of total soluble carbon (22%). Malate contents declined significantly in de-acclimated leaves, suggesting a possible involvement of malate, or malate metabolism, in light-stress tolerance. Leaves of the lowland plant P. sativum were more sensitive to light-stress than the alpine species, and contained only low amounts of malate and ascorbate.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2005

Global voices of science: Mangroves, fishponds, and the quest for sustainability.

Aquaculture, the farming of shrimp and other useful aquatic and marine plants and animals in artificially confined and tended ponds, pens, and cages, ranks as a phenomenal success story in global food production. In 1975, aquaculture contributed 8% to the overall yield of the world's fish harvest; now it provides more than one-third of the yield. Total aquaculture production in 2003 was 54.8 million metric tons valued at 67.3 billion in U.S. dollars. More than 90% of this output comes from Asia, where aquaculture has its origins and where this month's essay author has lived and worked all of her life. In her essay, Jurgenne H. Primavera, senior scientist of the Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center based in Iloilo, Central Philippines, traces the recent history of aquaculture and the socioeconomic and environmental challenges that its rapid growth has wrought, especially for the mangrove ecosystems in which much of brackishwater pond aquaculture occurs. With an eye on all stakeholders, Primavera lays out how aquaculture is now falling short of the goal of sustainability and what steps might be taken to move the industry in that direction.

Aquaculture↗
PubMed2006

Analysing ethnobotanical and fishery-related importance of mangroves of the East-Godavari Delta (Andhra Pradesh, India) for conservation and management purposes.

Mangrove forests, though essentially common and wide-spread, are highly threatened. Local societies along with their knowledge about the mangrove also are endangered, while they are still underrepresented as scientific research topics. With the present study we document local utilization patterns, and perception of ecosystem change. We illustrate how information generated by ethnobiological research can be used to strengthen the management of the ecosystem. This study was conducted in the Godavari mangrove forest located in the East-Godavari District of the state Andhra Pradesh in India, where mangroves have been degrading due to over-exploitation, extensive development of aquaculture, and pollution from rural and urbanized areas (Kakinada).One hundred interviews were carried out among the fisherfolk population present in two mangrove zones in the study area, a wildlife sanctuary with strong conservation status and an adjacent zone. Results from the interviews indicated that Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., a dominant species in the Godavari mangroves, is used most frequently as firewood and for construction. Multiple products of the mangrove included the bark of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou to dye the fishing nets and improve their durability, the bark of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco to poison and catch fish, and the leaves of Avicennia spp. and Excoecaria agallocha L. as fodder for cattle. No medicinal uses of true mangrove species were reported, but there were a few traditional uses for mangrove associates. Utilization patterns varied in the two zones that we investigated, most likely due to differences in their ecology and legal status. The findings are discussed in relation with the demographic and socio-economic traits of the fisherfolk communities of the Godavari mangroves and indicate a clear dependency of their livelihood on the mangrove forest.Reported changes in the Godavari mangrove cover also differed in the two zones, with significantly less perceptions of a decrease in the protected area, as compared to the adjacent non-protected area. A posteriori comparisons between sequential satellite imagery (retrospective till 1977) and respondents that were at least 15 years back then, revealed a mangrove decrease which was however perceived to different extents depending on the area with which the fishermen were familiar. While local needs had not been incorporated in the existing policy, we created a framework on how data on ethnobotanical traditions, fishery-related activities and local people's perceptions of change can be incorporated into management strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Ardisiphenols A-C, novel antioxidants from the fruits of Ardisia colorata.

Novel alk(en)ylphenols, named ardisiphenols A--C (1--3) were isolated from the fruits of Ardisia colorata, together with known alk(en)ylresorcinols (4--6). Their structures were determined by the NMR and MS/MS analyses. All compounds showed scavenging activities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and cytotoxicities against murine breast cancer cell line, FM3A.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2006

Triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia davurica.

Three new saponins were isolated from the whole plants of Lysimachia davurica. On the basis of 1D and 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)HCOSY, HMBC, HMQC, and TOCSY) techniques, MS, and hydrolysis, their structures were found to be 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-13,28-epoxy-3beta-hydroxy-16-oleanaone (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxyuronic acid-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-cyclamiretin A (2), and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-cyclamiretin A (3), respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 showed significant cytotoxicities against human A-2780 cells.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed2002

Myrsinoic acids B, C and F, anti-inflammatory compounds from Myrsine seguinii.

The methanolic extract of Myrsine seguinii yielded three anti-inflammatory compounds, myrsinoic acids B, C and F, and their structures were elucidated from the spectroscopic data. These compounds suppressed the TPA-induced edema of mouse ear, myrsinoic acid F being the most active (IE 77% at a dose of 0.56 micromol).

Alkenes↗
PubMed2003

Myrsinoic acid E, an anti-inflammatory compound from Myrsine seguinii.

The methanolic extract of Myrsine seguinii yielded the novel anti-inflammatory compound, myrsinoic acid E (1), whose structure was elucidated to be 3,5-digeranyl-4-hydroxy benzoic acid. We synthesized 1- and its 3,5-diprenyl (2) and 3,5-difarnesyl analogues (3). Compounds 1-3 suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation of mouse ears by 59%, 14%, and 69% at a dose of 1.4 micromol.

Alkenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryopreservation of auricula shoot tips using the encapsulation/dehydration technique.

Calcium alginate encapsulated, in vitro culture derived shoot tips of the florist's auricula, cultivar Embley, were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation/dehydration technique. The use of preculture media containing both sucrose and mannitol was essential for post-thaw growth. After 2 weeks cold acclimatisation at 10 degrees C, shoot tips were encapsulated and incubated in culture medium containing 0.25 M sucrose and 0.25 M mannitol for 48h, followed by 23h dehydration with silica gel (water content of beads approximately 16%) prior to plunging into liquid nitrogen. Post-thaw growth of the shoot tips was without callus formation. The morphology of frozen and non-frozen shoots was comparable.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed2002

[Study on the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Lysimachia trientaloides Hemsl].

The volatile oil from Lysimachia trientaloides Hemsl. was obtained by steam distillation. The chemical constituents were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative contents in the volatile oil were determined by peak area normalization. The yield of oil by steam distillation was 0.11%, and 40 chemical constituents were separated and identified. Terpenic series and their oxo-derivatives are major chemical constituents in the oil. The main compounds were patchouli alcohol(22.54%), L-bornyl acetate(16.17%), gamma-gurjunene(3.27%), delta-guaiene(2.62%), nerolidol(2.02%), linalool(1.99%) and palmitic acid(1.96%).

Camphanes↗
PubMed1999

[Studies on chemical constituents of Lysimachia pentapetala].

From the ethanol extract of Lysimachia pentapetala, six compounds have been isolated. These compounds were identified as triacontanol, beta-sitosterol, glycerol monopalmitate, succinic acid, flavonol glycosides and hitrite upon the date of mp, IR, MS and 1HNMR tests.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed2002

[The effects of n-butanol fraction of Lysimachia hemsleyana on the activities of lymphocytes in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of n-butanol fraction from the whole plants (Lysimachia hemsleyana) on the phagocytic activities of the peritoneal macrophage, production of interleukin-2. METHODS: We extracted the components with ethanol, acetic ether, n-butanol and chloroform, then studied the n-butanol fraction on the phagocytic activities of the peritoneal macrophage, production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) from splenocytes induced by ConA in mice in vitro. RESULTS: n-Butanol fraction of an ethanol extract of air-dried herbs bilaterally regulated the IL-2 production from splenocytes induced by ConA, and enhanced the phagocytic activities of activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Lysimachia hemsleyana may has an immunoregulation effect and may be an potential agent in the treatment of the inflammatory pathological process and some autoimmune diseases.

1-Butanol↗
PubMed2002

[Studies on chemical constituents in herba of Lysimachia davurica].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica. METHOD: The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatograph, and identified by spectral analysis and physical data. RESULT: Six compounds were isolated and identified as triacontanoic acid(I), palmitic acid(II), beta-amyrin(III), stigmasterol(IV), oleanolic acid(V), soya-cerebroside I (VI). CONCLUSION: I, III, VI were isolated from this gene for the first time.

Cerebrosides↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of aqueous extract in herba of Lysimachia christinae on hyperuricemia in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study hypouricemic effect of aqueous extract of Lysimachia christinae on hyperuricemia in mice. METHOD: The uricase inhibitor potassium oxonate was used to induce hyperuricemia in mice, and serum uric acid level was determined with the phosphotungstic acid method. RESULT: The aqueous extract of Lysimachia christinae, when administered orally to the oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice at the doses of 5.2, 10.4 and 20.8 g.kg-1, was able to elicit dose-dependent hypouricemic effects. At these doses of the extract, the serum urate levels of the oxonate-pretreated mice showed no difference from the normal mice. In normal mice, however, oral administration of the extract at the same doses did not produce any observable hypouricemic effects. CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of Lysimachia christinae possesses potent hypuricemic effects on models of hyperuricemia in mice pretreated with oxonate.

Animals↗