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PubMed1982

Effect of different temperatures and humidities on the development of the eggs of poultry louse, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis. (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera).

The temperature and humidity requirements for the development of the eggs of the poultry louse, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis were determined. It was found that temperature and humidity requirements for morphogenesis and hatching are not the same. Morphogenesis in the eggs of this louse takes place within a temperature range of 30-40 degrees C, the optimum range being 32-37 degrees C. Relative humidity does not seem to have any apparent effect on morphogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Vagina of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, an ischnoceran Phthiraptera.

The vagina in poultry lice, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis PETERS, is a simple cup-shaped structure but is complex in its internal organization. It is divisible into anterior, central and posterior part. The anterior tubular part is deeply sunk into the posterior cup-shaped one due to the invagination of the central part. The space thus formed probably serves as sperm storage, as the spermatheca is absent.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Digestive system of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera).

The alimentary canal of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters has the three typical regions but differs from that of other species of Mallophaga in some respect. The posterior region of the mid-gut is slightly broader in female than in male. The mid-gut was found to have higher epithelium not in the anterior two-thirds but in the anterior one-third and in the posterior one-third part. The epithelium is higher and convoluted in the anterior part of the hind-gut region and is greatly reduced in its posterior part. The salivary apparatus consists of a pair of salivary glands and ducts, a pair of salivary reservoirs and ducts and a salivarium. Four long blind Malpighian tubules, one dorsal, one ventral and two lateral, arise from the junction of mid- and hind-gut. Each is divisible into three distinct parts in both sexes and is without any pigmentation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Population structure of goat biting louse Bovicola caprae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera).

The population structure of Bovicola caprae on goats has been recorded by examining 57 goatskins (45 by brushing cum searching and 12 by dissolving method). Population composition, sex ratio, adult nymph ratio has been recorded at different levels of infestation. The female dominated over the male population and male: female has been found to be 1:2 by brushing cum searching and 1:1.7 by dissolving method. Likewise, A:N was found to be 1:1.2 by brushing cum searching and 1:17 by dissolving method. The number of males and females follow similar pattern throughout population and were found to exhibit a high degree of correlation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The morphology of Laemobothrion (Laemobothrion) maximum (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae).

Adult specimens of Laemobothrion (L.) maximum (Scopoli, 1763), a buzzard louse species, were studied using scanning electron microscopy and paying special attention to sensitive structures, mainly those located on the head, mouthparts, abdomen and legs. Data on shape and size of palpl and antennal sensilla, as well as post-spiracular ones, were obtained. Some modifications of the mouthparts were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Zoogeography and host associations of the Heterodoxus octoseriatus group and H. ampullatus (Phthiraptera: Boopiidae) from rock-wallabies (Marsupialia: Petrogale).

Species of the Heterodoxus octoseriatus group infest five species, comprising eight chromosome races, of Petrogale in Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia. The precise host and geographic ranges of the 11 species of the H. octoseriatus group were determined. Individual hosts and host populations were infested by single species of lice only. The geographic ranges of lice were discrete. In some cases the geographic ranges of louse species and their hosts were approximately congruent. In others they were completely incongruent and it was unclear which species originally infested which hosts or even which was the most recent colonizer. In at least one case, expansion of the geographic range of one species of louse apparently led to fragmentation of the range of another and subsequently, to allopatric speciation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The head and body lice of humans are genetically distinct (Insecta: Phthiraptera, Pediculidae): evidence from double infestations.

Little is known about the population genetics of the louse infestations of humans. We used microsatellite DNA to study 11 double infestations, that is, hosts infested with head lice and body lice simultaneously. We tested for population structure on a host, and for population structure among seven hosts that shared sleeping quarters. We also sought evidence of migration among louse populations. Our results showed that: (i) the head and body lice on these individual hosts were two genetically distinct populations; (ii) each host had their own populations of head and body lice that were genetically distinct to those on other hosts; and (iii) lice had migrated from head to head, and from body to body, but not between heads and bodies. Our results indicate that head and body lice are separate species.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Transmission ratio distortion in the human body louse, Pediculus humanus (Insecta: Phthiraptera).

We studied inheritance at three microsatellite loci in eight F, and two F2 families of the body (clothes) louse of humans, Pediculus humanus. The alleles of heterozygous female-parents were always inherited in a Mendelian fashion in these families. Alleles from heterozygous male-parents, however, were inherited in two different ways: (i) in a Mendelian fashion and (ii) in a non-Mendelian fashion, where males passed to their offspring only one of their two alleles, that is, 100% nonrandom transmission. In male body lice, where there was non-Mendelian inheritance, the paternally inherited set of alleles was eliminated. We interpret this pattern of inheritance as evidence for extreme transmission ratio distortion of paternal alleles in this species.

Alleles↗
PubMed1998

Scanning electron microscope study of Mirophthirus liae (Anoplura: Mirophthiridae) and confirmation of the family status of the Mirophthiridae (Phthiraptera: Anoplura).

The family Mirophthiridae was erected in 1980 to accommodate the monotypic sucking louse Mirophthirus liae Chin, an ectoparsite of the Chinese pygmy dormouse, Typhlomys cinereus. Some systematists did not accept this taxonomic designation and instead placed M. liae in the family Polyplacidae. The scanning electron microscope study described here provides further diagnosis of M. liae and, based on the unique morphological characteristics of this louse, it is returned to the monotypic family Mirophthiridae. A diagnosis of the family Mirophthiridae is provided.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Method to measure force required to remove Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) eggs from human hair.

Head lice are very common and mainly affect children between 3 and 12 yr old. Little is known about the way nits, the eggs of the head louse, are attached to the hair. In this report, an objective measurement procedure for the ease with which nits can be removed is presented. The first peak force, associated with the start of nit movement, and the average and maximal force during the sliding of the nit were measured. The three force variables correlated with the length of the cylinder by which the nit was attached to the hair. A negative correlation was found between the maximum force exerted and the distance of the nit from the scalp. The method described in this report can be used to determine the in vitro efficacy of various products to remove nits.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

First molecular evidence of Bartonella quintana in Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), collected from Nepalese children.

Trench fever is a body louse-borne disease caused by Bartonella quintana Brenner. The recent status of louse infestation in Nepalese children is not well known. We collected head and body lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and Pediculus humanus humanus L., respectively, from 30 children, including 11 cases of double infestation with both head and body lice. Detection of B. quintana in both louse species identified was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products with B. quintana DNA sequences were detected in both head and body lice from two children as well as in body lice derived from two other children. These results demonstrate that head lice may also play a role in the transmission of trench fever.

Animals↗