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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of energy on propylene glycol aerosols using the capillary aerosol generator.

The CAG is being developed for pulmonary drug delivery. Liquids are pumped, heated and vaporized by the CAG, whence they nucleate and condense to form aerosols. This study characterized the effect of energy on the aerosolization process. With increasing energy, the CAG produced an increasing fine particle fraction (FPF) until "optimal aerosolization" was achieved between 40 and 45 J; this energy range agreed with that theoretically required to vaporize the dose of PG. Further increases in energy above this optimal range did not improve PG's aerosolization efficiency. Based on the energy, FPF and temperature profiles, it was possible to deduce the nature of the liquid flow-boiling during aerosol generation. The aerosol particle size went through a minimum, as energy was increased through the "optimal range." In the "energy excess" region, where additional energy increased PG vapor temperature and velocity, droplet sizes were increased primarily due to changes in the nucleation rates and supersaturation ratios affecting the nucleation and condensation processes occurring within the vapor jet. The in vitro MMAD of the PG aerosol changed as a function of the applied energy, suggesting that for any pharmaceutical application, the choice of applied energy is critical to deposition profile of the aerosol.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet manufacture. Part 1: flow properties and water sorption.

Four substances were evaluated for their potential usefulness as dry binders for direct compression techniques in tablet making. The flow properties of these substances including angle of repose, timed delivery through an orifice and compressibility were determined. The effect of particle size of the binder on its flow properties was investigated. Comparative rates of water sorption demonstrated by the various substances evaluated as dry binders were also determined.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet manufacture. Part 2: Comparative self-binding properties.

Comparative self-binding qualities of four substances studied as potential dry binders for direct compression applications in tablet making were investigated. The effect of particle size of these materials on hardness, friability and hardness-friability ratio of disks made with mere binders was studied. The results showed that for comparable particle sizes, values of hardness-friability ratio of the various disks were in the following descending order: Plasdone, tragacanth, Carbowax 4000 and then mannitol.

Excipients↗
PubMed1982

[Acne and contact dermatitis].

Contact dermatitis in patients suffering acne is raising. These reactions are provoked by different sensitizing substances used in the treatment of acne. The Authors review the diverse possibilities of sensitisation in acne patients: contact dermatitis, primary irritation, photoallergy and phototoxicity, and "dermatitis by general administration of the allergen". The diverse acneiform contact dermatitis are reviewed and classified. The importance of acne venenata or contact acne--professional or no--, and different acneiform contact eruptions or by ingestion, is emphasized.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

Large unilamellar vesicles as trehalose-stabilised vehicles for vaccines: storage time and in vivo studies.

Liposomes, as a pharmaceutical formulation must display a long shelf life. The recombinant heat-shock protein from Mycobacterium leprae (18-kDa hsp) or its N-acylated derivative, when entrapped within or externally associated with large unilamellar vesicles, acts as a T-epitope source. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy shows unequivocally that trehalose avoids aggregation and fusion of these vesicles. Formulations containing trehalose retained up to 98% of the entrapped protein. The highest antibody level is obtained with formulations containing trehalose. The adjuvant effect depends on the liposomal membrane integrity.

Acylation↗