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Results for “Perceptual Disorders”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Sensory integration therapy: a trial of a specific neurodevelopmental therapy for the remediation of learning disabilities.

In the population of learning-disabled (LD) children, there appears to be a subsample who demonstrate basic dysfunction in sensory integration. Previous research suggested that sensory integration (SI) therapy may be effective in improving the academic performance of this subsample of LD children. This study is a systematic replication of previous research on the effects of SI therapy on LD children. The 87 LD children in this study manifest moderate SI dysfunction, a vestibular processing disorder, perceptual deficits, and reading retardation. Data on a subgroup of 45 children with markedly depressed postrotary nystagmus are presented. After nine months of individual SI therapy, no systematic effects on any of the dependent variables were discernible. The implications of these findings for further research are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Fluctuating perceptual hearing disorders].

The author presents a characteristic of a fluctuating perception hearing disorder of unknown aetiology. The disease is considered a special nosological unit. Two examples are given. In the discussion the author analyzes the literature pertaining to the aetiology of the disease.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pseudohallucinations: a pseudoconcept? A review of the validity of the concept, related to associate symptomatology.

"Pseudohallucination" is a concept used in the classification of nonpsychotic perceptual disorders. This report describes the history of the concept and investigates whether pseudohallucinations can be differentiated from related psychopathological symptoms, such as hallucinations, re-experiencing, and dissociative phenomena. We performed a literature review, which shows that pseudohallucinations and related symptoms have low construct validity and are, accordingly, clinically ambiguous. Most likely, pseudohallucinations are placed on an overlapping continuum of symptomatology that includes perceptual disorders, re-experiencing, (dissociative) imagery, and normal thought and memory processes. Recommendations are made regarding the specification of dimensions of this continuum. The term "nonpsychotic hallucinations" is preferred over "pseudohallucination."

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2002

Sensory-perceptual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and comorbid alcoholism.

We studied the effects of aging and comorbid alcoholism on sensory-perceptual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Using sensory-perceptual tests from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery included in the Russell, Neuringer, and Goldstein (1970) Perceptual Disorders Index, samples were compared of 54 patients with comorbid schizophrenia and alcoholism, 234 patients with schizophrenia but no history of alcoholism, 132 patients with chronic alcoholism and 171 patient controls. Data were analyzed by one-way analyses of variance followed by Scheffe multiple comparison tests. Numerous significant differences were found among groups, with the comorbid schizophrenia group doing more poorly than the other groups on measures of touch perception and suppression, finger agnosia, and fingertip number writing. Multiple regression analyses using the sensory-perceptual tests as predictor variables and age as the dependent variable indicated that the strength of association between age and the multivariate set of sensory-perceptual test scores was greater in the comorbid schizophrenia group than the noncomorbid schizophrenia, alcoholism and patient control groups. The preponderance of age-related deficits was left-sided, suggesting accelerated decline in right hemispheric function. A comparison of groups across ages on a single Perceptual Disorders Index score showed a substantially larger age effect in the comorbid schizophrenia group relative to the other groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Constructional apraxia and visuoperceptive disabilities in relation to laterality of cerebral lesions.

The main purpose of the present study was to determine whether constructional apraxia is due to a visual perceptual disorder in right but not in left brain-damaged patients. In order to resolve this question, 36 normal controls and 73 brain-damaged patients with lesions restricted to the right (N = 30) or to the left (N = 43) cerebral hemisphere were given a graphomotor and a multiple choice version of the Benton Visual Retention Test. The graphomotor version of the V.R.T. was used as a test of constructional praxis, whereas the multiple choice version of the V.R.T. was used as a test of visual form discrimination. No difference was found between right and left brain-damaged patients with respect to incidence and severity of visuo-constructive and of visuo-perceptive disabilities. Contrary to the hypothesis, the relationship between perceptual and praxic tasks was higher in left than in right brain-damaged patients. The high level of correlation found between graphomotor and perceptual scores within the left hemispheric group was due chiefly to the poor performances obtained on both tasks by aphasic patients. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that the basis for visuoconstructive disturbances is a perceptual disorder, independently of the hemispheric side of lesion. The contrasting results of our intercorrelational study and of analogous studies reported in neuropsychological literature are interpreted as being due to sampling differences, in the absence of clearcut qualitative or quantitative differences between visuo-constructive disabilities of right and left brain-damaged patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orientation illusions in spaceflight.

Investigations of spontaneous illusory reactions were carried out during space-flights of various durations by ANKETA questionnaires (104 cosmonauts). From a total of 104 cosmonauts, 24, in addition, used a dictaphone to record a verbal description of the illusions and their sensations on tape. Analysis of data generated by ANKETA and the tapes thus recorded have shown that during adaptation to weightlessness, 98% of cosmonauts have noted the occurrence of various illusions of orientation (coordinate and kinetic): illusions pertaining to their position or illusions of self- and surround-motion. The development of spatial orientation illusions during and after flight is not limited to certain individuals, but is a general response of the sensory system to microgravity. These responses differ to some extent among individuals in severity, nature, time and duration of occurrence, and the dynamics of the process. Perceptual disorders may occur even if the cosmonaut feels well and experiences no anomalous autonomic reactions. The nature of spatial illusions was determined by the role and relative contribution of various types of sensory input to spatial orientation. After completion of the initial stage of adaptation to weightlessness, the perceptual disorders disappear. However, spontaneous illusory reactions were often observed after 50 days of exposure to weightlessness. The adaptation process during long-term spaceflight had an undulating course, in which adaptation and de-adaptation alternated. A classification of weightlessness illusions is proposed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Stable quantitative EEG difference in post-LSD visual disorder by split-half analysis: evidence for disinhibition.

Hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder (HPPD) may follow the ingestion of LSD or other hallucinogens in a subset of users. It is characterized by chronic, intermittent or constant visual hallucinations of many sorts persisting beyond the period of acute drug effects. We studied 44 LSD-induced HPPD subjects and 88 matched controls to search for spectral and evoked potential differences using quantitative EEG (qEEG). HPPD subjects demonstrated faster alpha frequency and shorter VER (visual evoked response) latency, consistent with prior animal and human data on response to acute LSD administration which suggest LSD-induced cortical disinhibition. AER (auditory evoked response) latency was prolonged consistent with a differential LSD effect upon visual and auditory systems. The exploratory T-statistic significance probability mapping (T-SPM) technique demonstrated HPPD-control differences mostly involving temporal and left parietal scalp regions, confirmed by a split-half analysis. Significant variables were all derived from the long latency flash VER and click AER. None were derived from spectral analyzed EEG data. Canonical correlation between SPM-derived measures and variables reflecting disease severity was highly significant. A between-group stepwise discriminant analysis based upon a full set of qEEG measures demonstrated 87% prospective classification success by jackknifing and 88% success in a separate split-half analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Oxygen therapy in sudden perceptual hearing disorders].

The authors treated patients with sudden perception hearing disorders during the first five days in hospital by oxygenation using a respiration circle type D according to Mepleson's classification. Then oxygenation treatment was combined with medicamentous treatment (Rheodextran, Vinpocetinum and vitamins). After five days, when only an oxygenation mixture of 5% CO2 + 95% O2 was administered, the authors observed improvement or normalization of hearing in 19 of 25 patients. After termination of comprehensive treatment further improvement took place in 14 patients. The same audiometric results were recorded after a one year follow-up in all patients but one. Despite the great capacity of spontaneous recovery, which was described in sudden perception disorder, the authors assume, based on their results, that their method of oxygenation is effective either when applied alone or as part of comprehensive treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Optometric vision therapy -- results of a demonstration project with a learning disabled population.

Thirty-six children attending a private school for learning disabled children were diagnosed as having visual and/or perceptual disorders. The experimental group received individual programming in visual and perceptual development at their appropriate developmental levels. The control group received instruction in physical education, art or music classes. Both groups received individualized reading assistance. Statistical analysis of the two year demonstration project, which included nine months of actual training, indicated that the experimental group made significant gains in reading as compared to the control group. The improvement in basic instructional level of The Informal Reading Inventory (Temple University), and the Word Reading and Paragraph Meaning subtests of the Stanford Achievement Tests, and the actual classroom reading levels were all statistically significant. The Informal Word Recognition Inventory (Daniels) and the Spelling subtest of the Stanford Achievement Tests showed a definite trend approaching statistical significance.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[Judo -- a contribution to rehabilitation (author's transl)].

A judo group was formed at the Wolfsburg sports club with twenty 9 to 15 years old children who received treatment at the centre for developmental diagnostics and pediatrics. The children suffered primarily from more or less pronounced cerebral motor disturbances. Other functional disturbances such as perceptual disorders, language and reactive behavioural disturbances completed the picture of minimal brain-damage. The training programme attributed more importance to functional judo exercises than to perfect judo techniques. Allowances were made for individual difficulties. After 15 months of training improvements were observed in the motor, psychological and perceptual fields. This is why the authors believe it is worthwile to consider judo also in connection with rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Anomalous subjective experience among first-admitted schizophrenia spectrum patients: empirical investigation.

Our research group has for several years conducted philosophically informed, phenomenological-empirical studies of morbid alterations of conscious experience (subjectivity) in schizophrenia (Sz) and its spectrum of disorders. Some of these experiential alterations constitute, in our view, the vulnerability markers to Sz--indicators that are intrinsic to this disorder and which were historically considered as constituting the phenotypic anchor of the very concept and the diagnostic validity of Sz spectrum disorders. In a more pragmatic clinical context, these indicators, considered here as symptoms, may be potentially effective for early differential diagnosis. In this study, 151 consecutive first-admitted patients (with bipolar, melancholic and organic patients excluded) diagnosed according to the ICD-10, were evaluated on a number of expressive and experiential psychopathological dimensions, with special emphasis on the experiences of perplexity, disorders of self-awareness, perceptual disorders and anomalous bodily experiences. The a priori scales derived from the item pool of a slightly modified OPCRIT and BSABS were used for analyses. Sz and schizotypal disorder scored equally on the subjective dimensions, suggesting a basic phenomenological affinity of these disorders. In contrast, anomalies of subjective experience were clearly more pronounced among the patients within, as compared to those outside the Sz spectrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The inference of speech perception in the phonologically disordered child. Part I: A rationale, some criteria, the conventional tests.

This paper considers the rationale and presents some criteria for assessing the speech perception of children with disorders at the phonological level of language. An examination of conventional test procedures suggests that none is useful in identifying clinically relevant perceptual disorders. However, readers are encouraged to inspect Part II (Locke, 1980), which describes procedures with more clinical promise.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Visual disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease and optometric management.

BACKGROUND: Patients with early or undiagnosed Alzheimer's disease commonly experience visual disorders that may cause them to seek optometric evaluation. METHODS: As this condition is difficult to diagnose, clinicians may be faced with a confusing presentation of symptoms. Typically, visual perceptual disorders exist in the absence of abnormal ocular findings. RESULTS: Familiarity with the visual disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease and recognition of the value of neuropsychological evaluation are critical to accurate diagnosis and management. CONCLUSIONS: Case presentations are used to illustrate these issues.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Prosopagnosia and the Capgras syndrome.

The Capgras syndrome is an unusual psychiatric disorder which has attracted much attention in recent years because of its striking nature and controversial etiology and pathogenesis. The question of whether some cases of Capgras syndrome are an expression of a perceptual disorder of facial recognition, i.e., prosopagnosia, is addressed in this report. Careful testing for a possible prosopagnosia revealed that in 2 newly identified cases of Capgras syndrome, the deficit was present. A deficit of facial recognition could not be appreciably detected in a group of normal female and schizophrenic controls.

Adult↗