Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Patch Tests”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparative multi-center study with TRUE Test and Finn Chamber Patch Test methods in eight Swedish hospitals.

292 individuals were patch tested with twelve allergens, using a new patch test technique, TRUE Test (TT). As controls, the same allergens in standard concentrations in petrolatum were applied using the Finn Chamber technique (FC). The allergen doses used in TT were chosen according to results from a previous serial dilution patch test study. There were reactors to all twelve allergens. The concordance of positive reactions between TT and FC was 78%. 10% were indicated only with TT and 12% FC only. Irritant reactions occurred in the same order of magnitude for the two tests. Weak positive, uncertain, and irritant reactions observed with the different test methods used, indicate minor errors of allergen dosage in both. The investigation indicates that the TRUE Test method is simple to handle, is well standardized and gives good accuracy with the 12 allergens investigated.

Allergens↗
PubMed1999

Assessment of budesonide patch tests.

Patch-test technique for budesonide needs improvement. 20 subjects with positive or questionable patch-test responses to budesonide were retested for 3 to 96 h (4 days [D]) with polyester patches coated with budesonide in serial doses (150 to 0.074 microg/cm2). Multiple readings were taken visually and with a laser Doppler perfusion imaging technique up to 264 h (day [D]11). Additionally, all subjects were tested with 0.1% budesonide in petrolatum in Finn Chambers for 48 h (2D) with readings taken at 72 (D3), 96 (D4) and 168 h (D7). Different dose levels and application times affected unpredictably highest assessments of reactions. No clear suppression of reactivity was observed at high doses. Time points of highest assessments of reactions varied between subjects but were generally the same for each subject with both reading methods regardless of dose levels or application times. Positive and negative subjects during the study were easily distinguished with all serial doses, regardless of assessment technique. At 2.0 microg/cm2, the lowest dose level tested on all subjects, longer applications than 24 h (1D) were required to detect all positive subjects. 48-h (2-D) applications required 2 readings, optimally at 96 (D4) and 216 h (D9). The only test technique with Finn Chambers used here did not make such distinction possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Positive patch test reactions to nickel sulphate are not modified by neighbouring negative fragrance patch tests. A multicenter-study by the German contact dermatitis research group.

It is tacitly assumed that a positive patch test reaction is not affected by adjacent negative tests. However, despite its fundamental importance for the interpretation of test reactions this assumption has not been proven. To test this assumption, special TRUE-test strips were prepared containing placebo, nickel sulphate and fragrance mix as the only allergens, separated by distances of 1 cm and 7 cm and blinded to the investigators. Patients were synchronously tested with two strips. Out of 493 patients tested in 6 centres, the 93 with positive reactions to nickel sulphate only were evaluated. No relevant difference was found between positive nickel reactions in the two different distances to a negative fragrance patch test. We conclude that a positive patch test reaction is not affected by adjacent negative patch tests, which therefore can be neglected for the interpretation of positive reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed1975

Patch testing in the rabbit using a modified human patch test method. Application of histological and visual assessement.

A 5 h, semi-occlusive human patch test repeated daily for 5 days, was modified for use in the rabbit Using this method, the relative irritancy of three cosmetic samples of known human irritancy was determined in the rabbit. In addition, attention was paid to assessment methods and a detailed histological scoring system is described as well as two methods of visual assessment. In order to compare the effectiveness of these methods, the reaction to a series of concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate was examined. All three assessment methods gave similar results and the merits of combining histological and visual assessment are discussed.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1988

Active participation of eosinophils in patch test reactions to inhalant allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Intracutaneous testing and patch tests with house dust mite and grass pollen allergens were performed in patients with atopic dermatitis. Only patients with an immediate type skin reaction to house dust mite or grass pollen allergens showed a positive patch test reaction to these allergens 24-48 h after testing. Occasionally positive patch test reactions at 20 min, 2 h and 6 h were also observed. Patch test reactions were not found in normal controls or atopic patients without atopic dermatitis. Analysis of the cellular infiltrate demonstrated an influx of eosinophils into the dermis, starting from 2-6 h after patch testing. Immunostaining with antibodies against granular constituents of the eosinophils revealed that the infiltrating eosinophils were in an activated state and had lost part of their granular contents. At 24 h eosinophils also appeared in the epidermis. Electron microscopy showed that in the epidermis, some eosinophils were in close contact with Langerhans cells, suggesting a cell-cell interaction. Taken together, these results strongly suggest an active role for eosinophils in patch test reactions to inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Multiple patch-test reactions: a pilot evaluation of a combination approach to visualize patterns of multiple sensitivity in patch-test databases and a proposal for a multiple sensitivity index.

BACKGROUND: The variety of patterns of multiple sensitivity in patch-test data remains poorly defined. Studies addressing this topic have primarily concerned the occurrence of pairs of allergens, and some reports hypothesize a predisposing factor that influences the individual sensitivity of patients to multiple reactions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to address this topic by reanalyzing a matched data set from two patch-test units in Cleveland, OH, and one unit in Cologne, Germany, focusing on multiple reactions to identical allergens of the standard screening trays over the same 4-year period. METHODS: Based on the statistical FREQ procedure (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), we propose a program for addressing the difficulties in computing and visualizing patterns of multiple sensitivity. Additionally, we propose the "multiple sensitivity index" (MSI) as an absolute measure for characterizing the occurrence of an allergen with others on a selected panel. RESULTS: For the seventeen allergens examined, 131072 possible combinations were evaluated in a total of 2881 patients. Of patients tested, 12.4% had multiple positive patch-test reactions to two to seven allergens. However, because of the small number of patients with the crucial number of possible combinations, no cluster patterns were evident in the three- to seven-allergen combinations. Pairs of allergens most frequently observed were nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate (n = 23), formaldehyde and quaternium-15 (n = 18), and nickel sulfate and formaldehyde (n = 13). We found that nickel sulfate, once again the most frequent sensitizer, occurred in the majority of noncombined cases (MSI = -0.280). CONCLUSION: Larger patch-test databases require evaluation to obtain further evidence of cluster patterns of multiple sensitivity and to validate the MSI.

Allergens↗
PubMed1996

The disturbance of epidermal barrier function in atopy patch test reactions in atopic eczema.

Atopic eczema (AE) is a common skin disorder. Eczematous lesions showing macroscopic, microscopic and immunopathological resemblance to lesional AE can be induced by aeroallergens by epicutaneous testing (atopy patch test, APT). Altered epidermal barrier function, as determined by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), is a typical feature of patients with AE. The present investigation was performed to define the differences in the epidermal barrier function between positive APT reactions to aeroallergens and positive patch test reactions to contact allergens in AE patients. Allergen extracts from grass pollen, birch pollen, cat dander and house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were applied in large Finn chambers on Scanpor for 48 h on the clinically unaffected and untreated skin of the back, in 11 patients with AE. The same procedure was done with 27 contact allergens of a standard test battery. Test reactions were read and TEWL was measured after 48 and 72 h. Eight of the 11 patients developed positive APT reactions to D. pteronyssinus, two to cat dander and one to birch pollen. Seven of the 11 patients showed positive patch test reactions to nickel sulphate, two to potassium dichromate, one to thiuram-mix and one to paraphenylenediamine. Vehicle controls were negative. The TEWL of the positive APT reactions was significantly higher, both after 48 h (mean +/- standard deviation 10.0 +/- 6.5 g/m2h) and after 72 h (9.7 +/- 5.4 g/m2h) as compared with the control site (48/72h: 4.4 +/- 1.5/4.1 +/- 1.4 g/m2h) (P < 0.01). In contrast, TEWL of the positive patch test reactions to contact allergens (48/72 h: 5.4 +/- 2.2/5.4 +/- 1.9 g/m2h) was similar to that of the control site (48/72 h: 5.2 +/- 2.1/5.0 +/- 1.8 g/m2h) (not significant). The relative TEWL at 48 h and 72 h, expressed as the ratio between the positive patch test and the control site, was significantly higher in the positive APT reactions (48/72 h: 218.8 +/- 80.4%/232.0 +/- 85.9%) compared with positive patch test reactions to contact allergens (48/72 h: 102.1 +/- 12.0%/107.1 +/- 9.5%) (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the epidermal barrier function in AE patients is altered only in positive APT reactions, in contrast to positive patch test reactions to contact allergens. As a consequence of this aeroallergen-induced altered epidermal barrier function, further allergens can more easily penetrate the skin, inducing a vicious circle and perpetuating the eczematous lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A new method for intraoral patch testing.

Intraoral patch testing was performed in 3 subjects, 2 of whom were contact sensitive to nickel. Maxillary acrylic plates carrying test pieces containing 66% nickel were applied for 48 h, and readings were performed 24 h after removal. Few if any clinical signs were detected, but biopsies from the mucosal contact sites showed lichenoid reactions. Biopsies from control sites showed no or slight non-specific inflammatory reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Late patch-test reactions to budesonide need not be a sign of sensitization induced by the test procedure.

Patch-test sensitization may be suspected when a flare-up is seen at a test site at least 10 days after the test application. We describe two patients allergic to budesonide who were only diagnosed at patch-test readings on day 10 and day 13, respectively. The patients were patch-tested to a standard series including two corticosteroid mixes and their three constituents in petrolatum, namely, budesonide, tixocortol pivalate, and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, at differing concentrations. In both patients, positive reactions to the mixes were seen on day 6 or day 7, but positive reactions to the budesonide preparations at 0.1% and 0.002% were not seen on the first or second ordinary reading day, day 3 or 4, and day 6 or 7, but no positive reactions to both budesonide preparations were seen on day 10 and on day 13, respectively. Not all late patch-test reactions represent patch-test sensitization, at least not to budesonide.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Results of patch test using mite components in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. 1st report. "As is patch test" using crushed mites].

UNLABELLED: As is patch test using crushed live mites and crushed dried dead mites of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.), Dermatophagoides farinae (D.f.), & Tryophagus ptrescentiae (T.p.) was performed on 49 AD patients and 18 control patients suffering from dermatitis other than AD. RESULTS: 1) with crushed dried dead mites all patients showed negative reactions but with live mites 11 among 49 AD patients were positive (22.4%); 2) female mites were more positive than males at the rate 8:1; 3) with cases positive to mites, (a) D.p. was positive in all 11 positive cases (100%), (b) D.f. was negative in 5 cases (0%), and (c) T.p. was positive in 2 cases among 4 (50%); 4) because of the pathological manifestations of spongiosis and the infiltration of histiocytes and lymphocytes, the possibility of contact allergy to mite elements was suggested, as a mechanism of atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Laser-assisted penetration of allergens for patch testing.

BACKGROUND: Patch-test patients often complain of itching and inconvenience. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate (1) the usefulness of laser-assisted alteration of the stratum corneum to enhance allergen delivery and (2) patient satisfaction with this procedure. METHODS: The LAD-01 (erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser unit was used to alter stratum corneum from patients with known sensitivity to nickel or Kathon CG. These allergens were then applied to the laser-pretreated sites for 60 minutes. Results were observed at 24, 48, and 96 hours and at 1 week. One patient who refused conventional patch testing was tested with an entire modified North American standard series tray with the laser patch-test technique. An additional patient with previously demonstrated positive atopy patch-test reactions to environmental organisms was retested with laser pretreatment to the same antigens. RESULTS: Three of three patients known to be sensitive to Kathon CG and eight of eleven known nickel-sensitive patients had positive reactions at the laser-pretreated sites. The patient who was tested with the entire standard series demonstrated relevant positive reactions to formaldehyde and to a textile resin. One subject with known reactions to three environmental organisms reproduced patch-test responses with laser pretreatment. No irritant reactions were noted. Patients reported no pain. CONCLUSION: With further modification, laser pretreatment may improve patient convenience and decrease irritant test reactions owing to occlusion.

Adult↗