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PubMed1998

Stanley Paris Award Lecture. Reflections on the history and future of orthopaedic physical therapy.

Carolyn Wadsworth, MS, PT, CHT, OCS, deliver the 1998 Paris Distinguished Service Award Lecture at the Combined Sections Meeting in Boston in February. Wadsworth is the fifth recipient of the Paris Award, which is the Orthopaedic Section's highest honor given to commemorate a member's exceptional and enduring service. The Paris Distinguished Service Award was established in 1990 and is named after Stanley V. Paris, PhD, PT, founder and first president of the Orthopaedic Section. Born in Dunedin, New Zealand, Paris immigrated to the U.S. in 1966. He developed physical therapy practices in Boston, Hamilton, Bermuda, and Atlanta; established the Institute of Graduate Health Sciences in Atlanta, GA; and is currently president of the University of St. Augustine, St. Augustine, FL. Paris is a strong advocate of assertive professional practice, clinical specialization, and strengthening leadership in physical therapy. He also champions wellness, exemplified by his personal achievements in sailing the Atlantic Ocean, swimming the English Channel, and completing the Ironman Triathlon. Carolyn Wadsworth, recipient of the 1998 Paris Award, has served as secretary and president of the Orthopaedic Section and is currently editor of the Orthopaedic Section's Home Study Course. She owns a private practice, teaches nationally, and has written two books, Examination and Mobilization of the Spine and Extremities (1988) and Orthopedic Review for Physical Therapists (1998). Major components of the speech she presented at the Orthopaedic Section Awards Ceremony are highlighted in this article.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of particulate dentin-plaster of Paris combination with/without platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of bone defects around implants.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of particulate dentin-plaster of Paris with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone healing and new bone formation around titanium dental implants in a canine model. Histologic sections and histomorphometric analysis of the defects were obtained at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three circular bone defects were surgically prepared in iliac crest sites in each of 10 animals. A total of 30 Avana dental implants were placed in the animals. They were self-tapping, screw-type implants, 10 mm in length and 4 mm in diameter, all made of commercially pure titanium. A titanium implant was placed centrally in each defect. In each dog, the defects were treated with 1 of the following 3 treatment modalities: (1) no treatment (control); (2) grafting with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris; (3) grafting with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris and PRP. RESULTS: Histologic analysis showed that all of the bone defects surrounding the implants that were treated with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris, with and without PRP, were filled with new bone. The defects that were not treated (control) demonstrated new bone formation only in the inferior threaded portion of the implants. DISCUSSION: Histomorphometric results revealed a higher percentage of bone contact with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris and PRP compared to the control and particulate dentin-plaster of Paris. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that bone defects around titanium implants can be treated successfully with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris, and that the outcome can be improved if PRP is also used.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

Electron microscopy of fibrin Paris I.

Fibrinogen Paris I, a congenital fibrinogen abnormality, is characterized by delayed fibrin aggregation and poor clot retraction owing to the replacement of normal gamma-chains by mutant gamma-chains, which are termed gamma-Paris I. Available evidence indicates that the structural abnormality involves the amino acid sequence near the COOH-terminus of the mutant chain and probably includes the region containing the normal gamma-chain crosslinking site. Electron microscopy was carried out on Paris I fibrin. In place of the normally interwoven network of branching cross-striated fibers, negatively or positively contrasted Paris I fibrin was characterized by nonfibrous clumps of material connected by distince fibrous strands tending to be thinner and more irregular in width than normal fibrin. Most Paris I fibrin fibers tended to the aperiodic, although cross-striations were observed occasionally in negatively contrasted specimens and rarely in positively contrasted specimens. In addition, Paris I fibrin frequently showed relatively short, abruptly terminating fibers. The gross ultrastructural differences between normal and Paris I fibrin suggest that for fibrin assembly to take place normally, a region(s) in the fibrin molecule near to or possibly overlapping the COOH-terminal gamma-chain crosslinking site must be preserved or at least not sterically hindered.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Undergraduate education in endodontology at two European dental schools. A comparison between the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden and Faculty of Odontology, Paris 5 University (René Descartes), France.

The aim of this study was to compare the courses in endodontics and to assess the treatment quality in the student clinics in two dental schools, in Malmö, Sweden and Paris, France. A further aim was to improve the curriculum development in Paris 5 and Malmö by testing student exchange programmes. The comparison was based on the guidelines for undergraduate education set up by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) [Int. Endod. J. 25 (1992) 169] and on the criteria formulated by Qualtrough and Dummer [Int. Endod. J. 30 (1997) 234]. The latter criteria covered the following aspects: educational methods, the timing of endodontic teaching, pre-clinical practical exercises, student assessment, recommended literature, clinical/practical procedures, the education of the staff and number of students per teacher. The quality guidelines for endodontic treatment set up by the ESE [Int. Endod. J. 27 (1994) 115] were used for the assessment of the quality of the treatment. The following aspects were covered: history, diagnosis and treatment planning, records, infection control, root-canal treatment, assessment of endodontic treatment. The undergraduate education in endodontics was fundamentally similar in Paris 5 and Malmö. The main differences observed were related to: Educational methods: In Malmö, problem-based learning and in Paris 5, traditional. Assessment of student performance. In Malmö, self-assessment and in Paris 5, credits for clinical/practical procedures. Clinical/practical procedures relating to infection control. Aseptic treatment regimens were more meticulously performed in Malmö than in Paris 5. Assessment (follow-up) of all endodontic treatments was a routine only in Malmö.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

Wartime Paris, cirrhosis mortality, and the ceteris paribus assumption.

OBJECTIVE: This article critiques the ceteris paribus assumption, which tacitly sustains the epidemiologic literature's inference that the sharp decline in cirrhosis mortality observed in Paris during the Second World War derived from a sharp constriction in wine consumption. Paris's wartime circumstances deviate substantially from the "all else being equal" assumption, and at least three other hypotheses for the cirrhosis decline may be contemplated. METHOD: Historical and statistical review. RESULTS: Wartime Paris underwent tumultuous changes. Wine consumption did decline, but there were, as well, a myriad of other changes in diet and life experience, many involving new or heightened hardships, nutritional, experiential, institutional, health and mortality risks. Three competing hypotheses are presented: (1) A fraction of the candidates for cirrhosis mortality may have fallen to more sudden forms of death; (2) alcoholics, heavy drinkers and Paris's clochard subpopulation may have been differentially likely to become removed from the city's wartime population, whether by self-initiated departure, arrest and deportation, or death from other causes, even murder; and (3) there was mismeasurement in the cirrhosis mortality decline. CONCLUSIONS: The alcohol-cirrhosis connection provided the template for the alcohol research effort (now more than 20 years old) aimed at re-establishing scientific recognition of alcohol's direct alcohol-problems-generating associations and causal responsibilities. In a time given to reports of weaker associations of the alcohol-cirrhosis connection, the place and importance of the Paris curve in the wider literature, as regards that connection, remains. For this reason, the Paris findings should be subjected to as much research scrutiny as they undoubtedly deserve.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2002

Serological cloning of PARIS-1: a new TBC domain-containing, immunogenic tumor antigen from a prostate cancer cell line.

Identifying immunogenic tumor antigens plays a critical role in developing efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer. Using a recently developed technology, serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning (SEREX), we identified a total of 8 genes whose expression elicited antibody responses in prostate cancer patients. Of the 8 genes, 5 represented known genes in the GenBank database, 2 were previously uncharacterized genes, and 1 showed sequence homology to a mouse gene. The sequence feature and the expression of one of the novel genes, prostate antigen recognized and identified by SEREX (PARIS-1), are determined in this study. The PARIS-1 cDNA is 3257 bp in length and contains a complete open reading frame of 2751 bp encoding for a primary translation product of 917 amino acids. Using Northern blot hybridization assay, we detected a single species of approximately 3.3 kb PARIS-1 mRNA that is differentially expressed in prostate normal and cancer cells. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of the PARIS-1 protein in these cells. Structure analysis revealed that PARIS-1 protein contains a TBC domain that is conserved in the family of cell cycle-regulatory and Rab GTPase-activating proteins (Rab-GAP). Thus, the PARIS-1 protein may play a role in regulation of cell differentiation and growth or represent a new member of the Rab-GAP family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plaster of Paris: the forgotten hand splinting material.

This article examines the concept of tissue adaptation in response to the application of plaster of Paris splints and casts. A review of the history of plaster of Paris and its composition, its working properties, and precautions for its use introduces the reader to this oft-forgotten material. Four designs are described for plaster of Paris application-circumferential padded casts, digital unpadded casts, plaster slabs, and contour molds. The discussion of clinical application of plaster of Paris covers joint tightness, arthritis, contracted joints due to spasticity, muscle-tendon tightness, skin tightness, skin and joint tightness, and edema reduction. In addition, a new application called casting motion to mobilize stiffness (CMMS), developed by the author, is discussed. The use of plaster of Paris to improve postoperative flexor tendon glide is also discussed. This review article intends to stimulate the reader to use plaster of Paris splinting or casting more frequently to solve clinical problems.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of plaster of Paris and autogenous cancellous bone on the healing of cortical defects in the femurs of dogs.

Four one quarter inch evenly spaced circular defects were created bilaterally in the lateral femoral diaphysis of 12 clinically normal adult dogs. The defects were left unfilled (control), or were filled with one of the following: (1) plaster of Paris, (2) an equal-volume mixture of plaster of Paris and autogenous cancellous bone, and (3) autogenous cancellous bone. The degree of bone healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. Radiographically, no objective conclusions could be drawn due to the small size of the defects and limited amount of plaster of Paris implanted. Histologically, there was no inflammatory reaction to the plaster of Paris. No differences were determined in the degree of bone healing between autogenous cancellous bone, plaster of Paris, and a mixture of plaster of Paris and autogenous cancellous bone. All implants were superior to the control defect in degree of bone healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Neuromuscular effects of vecuronium and neostigmine in Montreal and Paris.

The potency of vecuronium was reported to be greater in Montréal than in Paris. This study was designed to determine whether there were differences in onset, duration, and reversibility with neostigmine between both centres. Twenty ASA I or II adults (ten men, ten women), aged 18-65 yr were studied in each of the two cities, during a standard thiopentone-fentanyl-nitrous oxide (60-70%) - isoflurane 0.5% end-tidal anaesthetic. Train-of-four stimulation was applied every 20 sec to the ulnar nerve at the wrist and the force of contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle was measured. Vecuronium, 0.1 mg.kg-1, was given as a bolus, and neostigmine, 0.04 mg.kg-1, was administered, with atropine 0.02 mg.kg-1, at 25% first twitch height recovery. Onset time to maximum blockade was (mean +/- SD) 3.9 +/- 1.3 min in Paris vs 4.5 +/- 1.3 min in Montréal (NS). Duration from injection to 25% first twitch recovery was shorter (28.5 +/- 6.8 min) in Paris than in Montréal (39.1 +/- 7.3 min) (P < 0.0001). Time from injection of neostigmine to a train-of-four ratio of 70% was not different in Paris (6.3 +/- 2.2 min) from Montréal (5.6 +/- 1.9 min). It is concluded that the duration of an "intubating" dose of vecuronium is longer in Montréal, but, when given at 25% first twitch recovery, neostigmine has the same efficacy in Montréal as in Paris.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Coronary heart disease in middle-aged Frenchmen. Comparisons between Paris Prospective Study, Seven Countries Study, and Pooling Project.

A systematic comparison was made of the incidence rates of major coronary heart disease (CHD), defined as fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and probable CHD deaths, observed in the Paris Prospective Study, the European and American cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, and the populations of the Pooling Project. The Paris study results were adjusted to the age-distribution and follow-up duration of the other studies. The major CHD incidence rate in the Paris study proved to be intermediate between those observed in Northern and Southern European populations and half to one-third those observed in the American populations. Mean risk-factor levels were of the same order of magnitude as in the whole European group and were lower than in the Pooling Project population, particularly for cholesterol and smoking. The coefficients of risk factors in the multivariate analysis of risk among the four studies showed similar gradients of risk except for a steeper gradient with smoking in the Paris Prospective Study. After adjustment to the risk-factor levels, major CHD incidence in the Paris study was comparable with that in the European population but lower than those in the U.S. Railroad population (ratio of predicted numbers of cases=1.56) and the pooling project population (ratio of predicted numbers of cases=2.24).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Aloys Martin and the Society of German Physicians in Paris].

The news about the discovery of the anaesthetic properties of ether swept rapidly from America to Europe. The first informations concerning this topic reached England in late fall of 1846 and after that came to France and especially Paris. The German physician Aloys Martin from Munich who was living in Paris at that time was largely responsible for conveying the news about these new findings in medical science to the German-speaking nations. Controversial discussions concerning the anaesthetic properties of ether developed among the members of various scientific circles right after the news from America had reached the city--and many members of the "Verein Deutscher Aerzte in Paris" (Association of German Physicians in Paris) took part in them, Martin then was one of the club's most active members and repeatedly reported on the new method as a correspondent for the widely read "Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung": Documents discovered recently at the archives of the "Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie" of Halle provide an interesting insight into this association, whose members tried to find out more about the anaesthetic properties and side effects of ether carrying out a series of well appreciated self-experiments in the spring of 1847. The following text reports on the history of the "Verein Deutscher Aerzte in Paris" which has largely fallen into oblivion and emphasizes the importance of Aloys Martin whose name is strongly attached to the spread of the use of ether throughout the German-speaking countries.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Medical treatment abroad. Why Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson died in Paris 1910].

The Norwegian poet and playwright Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1832-1910), Nobel prize laureate in literature 1903, died in Paris. He had suffered from angina pectoris for a few years and had difficulties in walking because of thrombophlebitis in his right leg. In 1909, he had received electrotherapy from a French physiologist, Dr. d'Arsonval, in Paris and felt rejuvenated after the treatment. In May 1909, while undergoing spa treatment in Larvik, he had an apoplexy which left him with a left hemiparesis, presumably due to a thrombosis of the right internal carotid artery. He became bedridden, developed focal epilepsy and was unable to participate in the national cultural activities that used to be part of his life. He then decided to return to Paris for another series of electrotherapy. He was brought to Paris in the Royal Danish railway carriage, and was received at the border as an official guest of the French republic. The electrotherapy machine was installed in his room at Hotel Wagram, where he stayed for several months while receiving treatment. However, his health deteriorated during the treatment and he died in Paris in April 1910.

Carotid Artery Thrombosis↗
PubMed1981

Plaster of paris as an alloplastic implant in the frontal sinus.

The use of calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) has been advocated to repair bony defects because of its unique capability of stimulating osteoneogenesis. Plaster of Paris can be used as a bony alloplast, and it can be analyzed histologically. Sinus roentgenograms and technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scanning further support the use of plaster of Paris as an alloplast and assess its osteoneogenic capacity when implanted in the frontal sinus of dogs; complete bone regeneration was demonstrated in six dogs within four to six months. The use of plaster of Paris for bone reconstruction in the head and neck can be applied in surgery. The experience with plaster of Paris to date, although limited, shows it to be safe and highly encouraging as an effective bone allograft.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Co-occurrence of Arum- and Paris-type morphologies of arbuscular mycorrhizae in cucumber and tomato.

Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Clethra barbinervis (Ericales) grown in field-collected soil known from previous studies to generate Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizae in C. barbinervis. Spores of Paraglomus, Acaulospora, Glomus, and Gigaspora were found in the soil. Formation of hyphal coils and arbusculate coils of Paris-type mycorrhizae and of arbuscules of Arum-type mycorrhizae in roots raised in this soil in the growth chamber were compared with the detection of DNA of AM fungi from the same root systems using Glomales-specific primers. Only Paris-type mycorrhizae with extensive arbusculate coils developed in C. barbinervis, but cucumber and tomato developed both Paris- and Arum-types in the same root systems. Glomaceae and Archaeosporaceae and/or Paraglomaceae were detected strongly in the DNA from both cucumber and tomato roots, in which Arum-type mycorrhizae were observed. In contrast, DNA of Glomaceae was detected more sparingly in C. barbinervis, in which Paris-type mycorrhizae dominated. Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae were strongly detected in the DNA from both C. barbinervis and tomato, whereas they were more weakly detected in cucumber. These results indicate that the morphology of colonization is strongly influenced by the selection of fungi to colonize the host plant from among those in the soil environment.

Clethraceae↗
PubMed1994

An in vitro evaluation of plaster of Paris barriers used under amalgam and glass ionomer to repair furcation perforations.

Furcation perforations were created in the pulpal floor of 60 teeth and were repaired with amalgam alone, plaster of Paris under amalgam, light-cured glass ionomer alone, and plaster of Paris under light-cured glass ionomer. After the access openings were filled with composite resin, the teeth were immersed in 2% erythrocin B dye solution for 2 wk, sectioned longitudinally, and dye penetration was measured. The light-cured glass ionomer group provided the least amount of leakage, followed by the group of plaster of Paris under glass ionomer. The groups using amalgam alone and plaster of Paris under amalgam showed the most leakage. The plaster of Paris barrier prevented the overextension of the repair materials when used under amalgam and glass ionomer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

The city of Paris and the rise of clinical medicine.

This article argues that the city of Paris played a unique role in shaping clinical medicine at the Paris hospital at the turn of the nineteenth century. Under outstanding clinicians such as Corvisart, Pinel, Bichat, Desault, Alibert, Bayle, and Laennec, who headed the "Paris School," teaching and research became hospital-based. New methods such as percussion, mediate auscultation, and psychological evaluation were introduced, and autopsies became routine. Chaptal, a physcian and minister of internal affairs under the Consulate, played a key role by creating the Paris Hospital and Health Councils, the Central Pharmacy, and central triage for hospital admissions. These municipal councils supervised the practice and teaching of anatomo-clinical medicine and the concomitant social changes involved in the delivery of health care to a city of six hundred thousand inhabitants. These changes included the orderly provision of bodies for dissection, the subordination of nurses to physicians, the teaching of preclinical courses, and the adaptation of the confiscated religious buildings to house patients grouped according to their diseases. The new arrangements fostered the rise of medical specialties, including public health, practiced by hygienists who turned Paris itself into a patient.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Plaster of Paris as an osteoconductive material for interbody vertebral fusion in mature sheep.

STUDY DESIGN: In adult female sheep, histologic and biomechanical criteria were used to determine whether the osteoconductive performance of plaster of paris would promote the incorporation of the tubular titanium mesh implants used for interbody vertebral fusions. OBJECTIVES: To compare the osteogenicity of plaster of paris with that of autogenous iliac crest bone and bone marrow 6 months after they were loaded into tubular titanium mesh cages and implanted as L3-L5 bridges after L4 corpectomies. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: One of the aims of surgery for vertebral pathology is to stabilize the spine by interbody fusions. The morbidity associated with the use of iliac crest autograft bone for fusion grafts prompted trials using plaster of paris as an osteoconductive substrate. METHODS: The total volume of bone that invested the L3-L5 mesh cages after 6 months was quantitated by computed tomography scans. All specimens subsequently were cut into fusion mass segments for biomechanical testing in flexion, extension, compression, and torsion, and then embedded in plastic for sectioning and histomorphometry to determine the trabecular bone volume within the titanium mesh. RESULTS: In each experimental model, implants of plaster of paris were the osteoconductive equal of autogenous iliac crest bone/marrow preparations. The volumes of bone formed around and within the titanium mesh were identical, and the tissues were biomechanically indistinguishable. A partial mechanism was determined by modifying the system for midshaft femoral defects. CONCLUSIONS: In the sheep, a tubular titanium mesh packed with plaster of paris forms an osteoconductive conduit to achieve a biomechanically stable interbody lumbar vertebral fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of lung deposition of colomycin using the HaloLite and the Pari LC Plus nebulisers in patients with cystic fibrosis.

AIM: To examine the effectiveness of delivery of nebulised colistin by the HaloLite nebuliser compared to the Pari LC Plus in patients with cystic fibrosis. METHODS: Randomised crossover trial of 15 patients aged >6 years. Inhalation of one mega unit of colistin in 3 ml diluent, labelled with technetium-99m DTPA, was used to assess lung deposition. The Pari was nebulised to dryness and one button press of the HaloLite was completed. Following a seven day washout period, patients inhaled colistin twice daily for seven days through the first device. Sputum specimens were analysed for colistin levels and pseudomonas load. This procedure was repeated with the alternative device. RESULTS: Lung uptake of radiolabelled colistin was significantly higher with the Pari. However, lung uptake calculated as a percentage of the amount of drug used was significantly higher for the HaloLite. Time to nebulise was significantly shorter with the HaloLite. Sputum levels of colistin were higher following use of the Pari; this was close to significance. CONCLUSION: The manufacturer's recommended dosages for nebulising antibiotics with a HaloLite result in a lower delivery than patients receive when using a Pari nebuliser. The concept of adaptive aerosol delivery has several theoretical advantages but the recommended doses for the HaloLite need to be modified in order to improve effectiveness.

Administration, Inhalation↗