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PubMed2004

[Unit for psychotherapy at the clinic for psychiatry and psychotherapy Bayreuth].

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: Inpatients of "psychotherapeutic treatment units" at State Mental Hospitals in Bavaria are different from those treated in so-called psychosomatic clinics for rehabilitation, looking at additional criteria like psychiatric and somatic comorbidity or suicidal behaviour. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Treatment concepts and results are respectable and comparable to so-called psychosomatic clinic. In this paper we describe the "Psychotherapy Unit" at the Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bayreuth. Depressive episode is the most diagnosis, with 1 to 4 comorbid psychiatric diagnosis in 82 % of all patients and 28 % with somatic comorbidity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[E-mail in psychotherapy--an aftercare model via electronic mail for psychotherapy inpatients].

We introduce an aftercare program for psychotherapy inpatients, which is based on regular communication via E-mail. The organizational and operational structure of the program are described within the context of computer mediated communication. First results on utilization and acceptance are reported. In comparison to patients who did not participate in either aftercare program of the clinic, the E-mail participants are younger and higher educated. Inpatient treatment of the participants was three days shorter in duration than that of non participants. Both groups were similar with regard to symptom distress at discharge from hospital. A low dropout rate of 8%, the high activity and satisfaction emphasize the positive acceptance of the program. Therapists' E-mail activity turned out to be important for the participants. Neither age, internet experience or symptom related variables nor the own E-mail activity were associated with participants' evaluation of the new service. Based on these first positive experiences the perspectives of using E-mail in psychotherapy will be discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Obstacles to a randomised controlled trial of intensive dynamic psychotherapy: an account of the New South Wales Section of Psychotherapy outcomes project.

OBJECTIVE: This paper examines the obstacles to a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of intensive dynamic psychotherapy (IDP) by reference to the fate of the New South Wales Section of Psychotherapy outcomes project. METHOD: Planning was complete and the final research protocol was about to be implemented when funding difficulties led to suspension of the project. The opinions of the research subcommittee regarding the main obstacles to the ultimate success of the project are now analysed in the expectation that better research strategies will follow. RESULTS: With hindsight, six of the eight members of the research subcommittee reported that the project was not feasible. By choice of questionnaire items they identified the greatest threats to a successful trial as: standardisation of the procedures, termination at 24 months, the availability of funding and the choice of treatment procedures. The most frequently volunteered concerns related to the enlistment and cooperation of the trial therapists (5), standardisation of the experimental therapy (3), probable shortfall in trial subjects (3) and the availability of funding (2). CONCLUSIONS: The most powerful general obstacles to success of the project related to the standardisation of procedures and the failure to maintain sufficient cooperation of trial therapists. The protocol required IDP therapists to terminate procedures at 24 months, which contradicted their usual practices and led to some alienation from the project. Amendments to the protocol might improve the possibility of a successful trial. However, one might also conclude that it is premature to attempt a naturalistic RCT of IDP.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Assessing the effects of psychotherapy. IV. The incompatibility between the logic of the experiment and the nature of psychotherapy.

The reverence of the experimental method in psychotherapy research, even where it is pointless or unwarranted, is taken as an instance of the rhetoric function of science. The distinguishing features of an experiment, manipulation and randomization, are explicated. The vital assumption of the effect of the experimental treatment being constant among subjects is demonstrated, and it is concluded that this assumption is unwarranted, on both theoretical and empirical grounds, as applied to psychotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Factor analysis of the evaluation form for selecting patients for short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy. The Bergen project on brief dynamic psychotherapy.

The selection criteria of Sifneos' short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy has been assumed to consist of two separate dimensions, resources and motivation. A factor analysis revealed three factors: ego-resources, motivation for psychotherapy and motivation or desire to change. The resource items on the evaluation form constitute one factor as assumed, it is the items on the motivation section that are split into two independent factors. The evaluation form might become more useful if the motivation items are reorganized according to the two different dimensions of the concept.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Meditation and psychotherapy: a rationale for the integration of dynamic psychotherapy, the relaxation response, and mindfulness meditation.

A framework for the integration of meditation and psychotherapy is presented through a consideration of the psychobiological nature of meditation (the relaxation response) and discussion of a traditional meditation practice (mindfulness meditation) as an effective cognitive technique for the development of self-awareness. The mechanisms by which the emotional and cognitive changes of meditation can be of therapeutic value are explored and the synergistic advantages of the combination of psychotherapy and meditation are discussed.

Attention↗
PubMed2003

[The contribution of psychotherapy to a therapeutic approach of bipolar disorders that combines psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy].

The author assumes that genetic and environmental factors interact in the etiology of Bipolar Disorders. The main goal of this article is to discuss the contribution of psychotherapy in a therapeutic approach to Bipolar Disorders that includes both psychopharmacological treatment and psychotherapy. The central tenet of the paper is that the psychotherapeutic approach to depression focuses on the personality structure as a whole and identifies the predominant psychodynamic factors: the disparity between actual and ideal self-representations, the loss of internal objects, the impact of the vicissitudes of symbiotic relationships on the psychic equilibrium. In the treatment of mania, the psychotherapeutic interventions are considered to be significantly less useful than in the treatment of depression.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1992

[German version of the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Scales: description and use in two brief psychotherapies].

The Vanderbilt-Psychotherapy-Scales appeared to be useful instruments for the identification of process characteristics determining the outcome of brief dynamic psychotherapies. The German versions of the two scales measuring important components of the psychotherapeutic process and of negative indicators are described in this article. It could be shown that--similar to the original versions--both scales can be used economically and that rater agreement soon reaches satisfactory levels. To demonstrate the potential use of the scales, their application in two different short term treatments are described which are presently analysed in a multi-center study of "single case oriented process research" using a variety of different methods. The example demonstrates that both scales are useful to discriminate both different theoretical foundations of the treatments as well as specific features of the patients and their therapists. The usefulness of the scales in a broader context is mainly based upon the experience that they reveal a lot of important informations about the psychotherapeutic process with a minimum of expense.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed2004

[The most frequently cited articles in the SCI and SSCI of the Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie (Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy) -- a review and analysis].

AIM: We investigate which articles out of the entire fifty volumes of the Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie (Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy (Psychoanalysis) have been most frequently cited. These articles are analysed according to the groups of authors and topics. METHODS: The citation frequency was determined in the source journals listed by the ISI and contained in the SCI and SSCI data banks. RESULTS: 58 articles were cited at least ten times, and five of these articles were cited at least twenty times. One article was cited 45 times and thus was the top runner. The authors who are particularly important in their specialized areas dominated, and the most frequently cited articles were distributed quite evenly in both psychosomatic and psychotherapeutic topics. DISCUSSIONS: A relatively large number of articles in this journal have a sustained influence among experts in the field. Since there are not many of German journal listed in the ISI data banks or have only recently been included by them, the number of citations is most likely considerably higher.

Authorship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapy motivation and psychotherapy acceptance. Initial results of the Mannheim intervention study].

In our controlled longitudinal study of a representative high-risk sample of psychogenically impaired individuals, within a multidimensional model of mental health, the variables "life event", "social support" and "personality" are examined concerning their analysis of variance and their interdependence. We assume that a therapeutic influence on the variable "personality" causes a modified risk of becoming psychogenically impaired, and intend to prove this in terms of the altered maturity of defenses, the improved ego-functions, but also in terms of the improvement of the social network and the rarer constellation of critical life events. The modified effect on the variable "personality" is a differential offer of psychoanalytic therapy. By means of our instruments of investigation we tried to clarify if the acceptance of psychotherapy offered to resp. the motivational situation of our probands in regard to a psychotherapy covariates with certain sociodemographically or depth psychologically measurable personality patterns. There was a trend towards accepting the offer of therapy in case of high psychical and socio-communicative psychogenic impairment and in case of relatively high frankness on the FPI scale. The acceptance of an offer of therapy correlated highly significantly with the frankness scale of the Bond questionnaire extended for several defense items. The implications of this finding are discussed.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Is psychotherapy what we call "psychotherapy"?].

"It is the theory that determines what we can observe", Einstein claimed as early as 50 years ago. His statement is valid also for psychotherapy: The basic assumptions of any school of psychotherapy regarding the nature of man and of change determine what seems to be possible or impossible (and therefore "wrong"). The paper examines the practical consequences of these assumptions from the point of view of modern constructivism.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Group psychotherapy in neuroses: styles of conducting psychotherapy groups (comparative study in the USSR and Czechoslovakia)].

Using an adapted psychologic technique, the authors considered the predominant types of therapeutic behaviour of 70 psychotherapists from the USSR and CSSR who employ methods of group psychotherapy in treating neuroses. The frequency of optimal variants of the therapeutic behaviour resorted to by psychotherapists in difficult situations arising in the course of group psychotherapy was established. Characteristic features of the therapeutic tactics used by psychotherapists from both countries are shown.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1978

[The study of psychotherapy. Analysis of the psychotherapies given in an ambulatory psychiatric service].

Using critisized statistical technics, the authors have studied the psychotherapies done at a given time in a university psychiatric outpatient clinic. Thereupon they display some correlations, more specifically, the importance of sex gender, of patients' socio-cultural level, of unconscious socio-cultural stereotypes present in the therapists, of diagnosis and of the motivation to seek treatment by psychotherapy. Statistical analysis allows a more coherent approach of these problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluative psychotherapy research: clinical relevance of psychotherapy catamnesis].

In this article we will depict the relevance of follow-up studies for evaluative psychotherapy research. Follow-up studies distinguish themselves from pure result studies in that they are clinically more meaningful as they examine the stability of psychotherapy results over a longer period of therapy-free time. The special methodical problems of follow-up studies are discussed and the minimal essentials for the research design of such studies are called for.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of inpatient long term group psychotherapy--a contribution to differential psychotherapy research on inpatient settings].

The paper describes an attempt to evaluate a highly specialized inpatient treatment setting differentially. In addition, it was investigated if patients differing with respect to their outcome, can be discriminated on the basis of their assessments of the basic component of the treatment program, i.e, the psychoanalytically oriented group psychotherapy. 31 patients (treated for approximately 6 months) formed the sample of the study showing that a differential assessment of treatment outcome could clarify questions related to specificities of inpatient settings. It is proposed to develop a basic inventory as well as a basic strategy to intensify differential process and outcome research within the field of inpatient psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Why "no" to psychotherapy? Cognitive stereotypes of psychosomatic patients of a population sample in correlation with refusal of offered psychotherapy].

Practical and organizational reasons, e.g. problems of timing, and strain factors in private or professional life are cited predominantly when probands spontaneously utter their motives for the non-acceptance of an offer of psychotherapy. In the second place, a lack of insight into the necessity of this kind of treatment is indicated as motive for the rejection of a therapy offer. An exploration of the probands leads to a change in the frequently distribution of the motives uttered to refuse psychotherapeutic treatment. Basically, the differentiation of the answers increases (indication of more than one category of motives). A negative attitude to or fear of psychotherapy was indicated considerably more often, especially by women. Those--mostly male--probands, who had pointed out that a lack of insight into the necessity of psychotherapeutic treatment was the decisive factor for their non-acceptance of the therapy offer, adhered most consistently to their argumentation also after exploration. The statistical analysis of possible determinants for the different styles in which probands state the motives for their rejection revealed significant sex differences. These findings suggest that the uptake of psychotherapeutic treatment is also guided by sex role sterotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Individual psychotherapy. Institutional psychotherapy: theoretical-practical aspect].

The author describes his experience in institutional psychotherapy, at the Clínica Hospital of Villahermosa, Tabasco. He mentions factors in the patient, in the psychiatrist, in the institution and in the culture, as fostering the success or the failure of institutional psychotherapy. He shows the effectiveness of this type of treatment in this enviroment and describes ways of improving this kind of work.

Humans↗