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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Frequent monthly use of selected non-prescription and prescription non-narcotic analgesics among U.S. adults.

PURPOSE: Analgesics offer many benefits, however, chronic, long-term use may pose risks of adverse drug events. The objective of this study was to estimate frequent monthly non-narcotic analgesic use among U.S. adults, identifying socio-demographic trends and potentially at-risk groups. METHODS: Analysis of adult medication use data from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey household interview (n = 4880). RESULTS: Some 20% of U.S. adults used non-prescription or prescription non-narcotic analgesics on a frequent basis, that is nearly every day for a month, at some point during their lifetime. Also, 14% of U.S. adults were currently using analgesics frequently. Aspirin was most commonly used (8%), followed by non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAID, 3%) and acetaminophen (3%). Three-quarters of aspirin, 46% of NANSAID and 63% of acetaminophen users were long-term frequent monthly users (1+ years). Seven percent of frequent monthly analgesic users reported using two or more analgesics nearly every day during the month. Frequent analgesic use was most common among older adults and non-Hispanic whites with no differences by gender or education. Use patterns, however, varied by analgesic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent monthly non-narcotic analgesic use, especially of over-the-counter analgesics, is widely prevalent among U.S. adults. Health-care providers should heighten their awareness of this trend, and routinely monitor both non-prescription and prescription analgesic use in their patients to prevent adverse drug effects and inappropriate use.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1997

[Analysis of compound prescriptions by practicing dermatologists. A study of 72,615 prescriptions for patients insured by the North Rhine-Westphalia BKK].

Over 72,000 prescriptions from practicing dermatologists were reviewed to obtain an overview of current prescribing trends including both medical and economic aspects. One main point of concern was the quality of compounded prescriptions, which play an important role in dermatology, comprising 39.5% of the total and 47.8% of the topical prescriptions. Mixtures containing corticosteroids play a central role, being present in 45.2% of topical preparations, and comprising 35.9% of the standard preparations. While most mixtures were totally acceptable, some seemed questionable, either because of the number of active ingredients (as many as 7), the combinations (corticosteroid, antibiotics and antifungals) or the selected concentrations. The increased number of prescriptions and the use of compounding both appear fertile areas for cost-control measures.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1998

[A research on chemical dynamic changes and drug efficacy of SMS compound prescription: chemical researches on shenmaisan prescription (I)].

To clarify the material base of the distinct curative effect of Shengmaisan (SMS) compound prescription, a study was made on the dynamics of chemical constituents in the decoction prepared according to the compound prescription. From the decoction a new compound was isolated and identified by UV, IR, MS and NMR as 5-hydroxymethy-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF). The study suggests that the distinct curative effect of SMS compound prescription hinges on a material base which is different chemically from that in the other three single drugs used separately, thus presenting scientific criteria for rational compatibility and quality check in making preparations on compound prescriptions.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed2004

[The use of methylphenidate in children: analysis of prescription usage based in routine data of the statutory health insurance bodies concerning drug prescriptions].

UNLABELLED: In Germany only few data is available on the use of stimulants in the treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. For the first time a full survey of health insurance data was carried out on methylphenidate prescriptions from 2000 to 2001 in an East German District. 783 patients of the total cohort received at least one prescription for methylphenidate. In our sample, the treatment prevalence more than doubled in the observation period from 0.6 % to 1.4 % in children aged between 5 and 15 years, this age group representing the largest treatment group. Younger children, adolescents and adults were only rarely treated. The treatment was undertaken predominantly by paediatricians, general practitioners and neurologists/psychiatrists/child psychiatrists. Prescriptions were issued by one, or by not more than two doctors. CONCLUSION: In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern the prevalence of stimulant treatment has clearly increased. Since diagnosis-related data is not available it is not possible to assess the indications for treatment. Further studies should serve to evaluate the correspondence between diagnosis and therapy in relation to stimulant medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987; Prescription Drug Amendments of 1992; policies, requirements, and administrative procedures; delay of effective date; reopening of administrative record. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule; delay of effective date; reopening of administrative record.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is delaying until October 1, 2001, the effective date and reopening the administrative record to receive additional comments regarding certain requirements of a final rule published in the Federal Register of December 3, 1999 (64 FR 67720). The other provisions of the final rule become effective on December 4, 2000. The final rule implements the Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 (PDMA), as modified by the Prescription Drug Amendments of 1992 (PDA) and the FDA Modernization Act of 1997 (the Modernization Act). FDA is delaying the effective date for certain requirements relating to wholesale distribution of prescription drugs by distributors that are not authorized distributors of record. FDA is also delaying the effective date of another requirement that would prohibit blood centers functioning as "health care entities" to act as wholesale distributors of blood derivatives. The agency is taking this action to address numerous concerns about the provisions raised by affected parties.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2004

Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987; Prescription Drug Amendments of 1992; policies, requirements, and administrative procedures; delay of effective date. Final rule; delay of effective date.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is further delaying, until December 1, 2006, the effective date of certain requirements of a final rule published in the Federal Register of December 3, 1999 (64 FR 67720). In the Federal Register of May 3, 2000 (65 FR 25639), the agency delayed until October 1, 2001, the effective date of certain requirements in the final rule relating to wholesale distribution of prescription drugs by distributors that are not authorized distributors of record, and distribution of blood derivatives by entities that meet the definition of a "health care entity" in the final rule. The agency further delayed the effective date of these requirements in three subsequent Federal Register notices. Most recently, in the Federal Register of January 31, 2003 (68 FR 4912), FDA delayed the effective date until April 1, 2004. This action further delays the effective date of these requirements until December 1, 2006. The final rule implements the Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 (PDMA), as modified by the Prescription Drug Amendments of 1992 (PDA), and the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (the Modernization Act). The agency is taking this action to address concerns about the requirements in the final rule raised by affected parties. As explained in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section, FDA is working with stakeholders through its counterfeit drug initiative to facilitate widespread, voluntary adoption of track and trace technologies that will generate a de facto electronic pedigree, including prior transaction history back to the original manufacturer, as a routine course of business. If this technology is widely adopted, it is expected to help fulfill the pedigree requirements of the PDMA and obviate or resolve many of the concerns that have been raised with respect to the final rule by ensuring that an electronic pedigree travels with a drug product at all times. Therefore, it is necessary to delay the effective date of Sec. Sec. 203.3(u) and 203.50 (21 CFR 203.3(u) and 203.50) until December 1, 2007 to allow stakeholders time to continue to move toward this goal. In addition, the further delay of the applicability of Sec. 203.3(q) to wholesale distribution of blood derivatives by health care entities is necessary to give the agency additional time to consider whether regulatory changes are appropriate and, if so, to initiate such changes.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2002

Training for prescriptions vs. prescriptions for training: where are we now? Where should we be? How do we get there?

The proposal that state legislatures should grant prescription privileges to psychologists is examined critically, with particular attention to the proposal's implications for the future education and training of clinical psychologists. First, the current status of clinical psychology is described. Then, an alternative to the prescription privilege proposal is presented; this alternative prescribes a scientific approach to clinical psychology. Finally, a plan for achieving this alternative is outlined.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Prescription sequence analysis: a new and fast method for assessing certain adverse reactions of prescription drugs in large populations.

Prescription sequence analysis (PSA) uses pharmacy-based prescription drug histories to detect a subset of drug effects: those that are themselves indications for changes in the prescribing of another drug. Dutch pharmacy practice ensures virtually complete drug histories. With a database of 25,000 patients, we used PSA to test an alleged link between the use of the anti-vertigo drug flunarizine and mental depression. The temporal sequence of anti-depressant use among flunarizine users shows no clustering that would suggest a causal link. PSA can be run within a few days, which may make it helpful in resolving certain of the periodic controversies about adverse drug reactions.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1993

Use of prescription and non-prescription drugs in pregnancy. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group.

We analyzed use of therapeutic drugs during pregnancy by 2752 mothers of infants without major congenital malformations. During pregnancy, 68% of the women used at least one prescription or non-prescription drug. Drug use in pregnancy was significantly more common for women who were white, older, married, better educated, of higher income and occupational status, receiving private prenatal care and not living in urban areas. Number of maternal illnesses, higher socioeconomic status, white race, multiparity and use of recreational drugs explained 26% of reported drug use. The mean number of drugs reported (1.2) underestimates total drug exposure due to exclusion of some drug categories including multivitamins and illicit drugs. Since the majority of women giving birth to normal infants report use of at least one pharmacologic agent during pregnancy, attribution of adverse outcome to drug use in an individual case is rarely justified.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2005

[Prescription practices: an audit of prescription quality among Lorrain general practitioners].

Better medical practice begins with personal evaluation. A group of Lorraine medical practitioners too part in an evaluation of their prescription practices and their compliance with existing regulations. The prescription servers as a link between the physician, the pharmacists and the patient. Three broad topics were studies in this audit: patient identification, regulation per se, and general criteria such as legibility and computerization. Among the different mandatory inscriptions, the only item which was often missing was the patient's age. The results listed here present the average performance observed in a group of medical practitioners and the highest and lowest performances.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Maternal exposure to prescription and non-prescription pharmaceuticals or drugs of abuse and risk of craniosynostosis.

BACKGROUND: The pre- and peri-natal drug exposures reported by women participating in a case-control study of children in Colorado were examined for association with infant craniosynostosis. METHODS: Mothers of case and control children underwent a standardized telephone interview and obstetric and newborn medical record review. The interview included questions on the use of prescription and non-prescription drugs, nutritional supplements, recreational and drugs of abuse. The mother's obstetric record was abstracted for information about pharmacologic agents taken before and during the antepartum period. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant risk ratios associating craniosynostosis with prenatal exposure to hydantoin, valproic acid, or cocaine. Mothers of four case children and one control child reported specific exposure to retinoic acid. There were no statistically significant increases in the odds ratio (OR) for any suture type among children exposed to hypoxigenic agents, sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic agents, or metal-containing agents. The OR was 1.87 (lower bound of the two-sided 95% test-based confidence interval (CI): 1.08) among children with sagittal/lambdoid suture synostosis who were exposed to nitrosatable drugs chlorpheniramine, chlordiazepoxide, and nitrofurantoin compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Certain nitrosatable drugs may be associated with increased risk of infant sagittal/lambdoid craniosynostosis. A possible mechanism related to ischaemia/reperfusion injury is suggested.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2002

Should psychologists be granted prescription privileges? A review of the prescription privilege debate for psychiatrists.

BACKGROUND: The debate over whether clinical psychologists should be granted the right to prescribe psychoactive medication has received considerable attention over the last 2 decades in the US, but there has been relatively little discussion of this controversial topic among Canadian mental health professionals, namely psychologists and psychiatrists. Proponents of prescription privileges (PPs), including the American Psychological Association (APA), argue that psychologists do not and cannot function as independent professionals because the medical profession places many restrictions on their practice. It is believed that PPs would help circumvent professional psychology's impending marginalization by increasing psychology's scope of practice. Proponents also argue that PPs would enhance mental health services by increasing public access to professionals who can prescribe. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to inform psychiatrists about the major arguments presented for and against PPs for psychologists and to discuss the major implications of PPs for both professional psychology and psychiatry. METHODS: We conducted a literature search of relevant articles published from 1980 to the present appearing on Psychlit and Medline databases, using "prescription privileges" and "psychologists" as search titles. CONCLUSION: Although proponents present several compelling arguments in favour of PPs for psychologists, pilot projects relating to feasibility and efficacy are either sparse or incomplete. Thus, it is too soon to tell whether PPs could or should be pursued. Clearly, more research is needed before we conclude that PPs for psychologists are a safe and necessary solution to psychology's alleged impending marginalization.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

[French National Institute for observation of prescriptions and consumption of medicines. Prescription and consumption of antibiotics in ambulatory care].

The National Research Institute for Prescriptions and Consumption of medicines which was founded under the authority of the Minister of Health, is charged with the following missions: improved evaluation of the therapeutic needs of the population; more precise knowledge of therapeutic management; the identification of possible deviations in relation to systems of reference; recommendations in favor of correct use of medicines; and the optimization of patient management. Its first report concerned the antibiotic therapy of respiratory infections. In France, the average annual increase rate of the frequency of antibiotics consumption was in the region of 3.7%, between the periods 1980-1981 and 1991-1992. It essentially concerned cephalosporins and quinolones. Between 1991 and 1996 antibiotics sales increased on average by 2.1%, in units, per year. The increase of this consumption, which was not justified by any epidemiological evolution, is partly explained by the high frequency of antibiotic prescriptions during respiratory or ENT affections presumed to be of viral etiology: in 40% of rhinopharyngitis, 80% of acute bronchitis and more than 90% of anginas, whatever the age. Moreover the antibiotic treatments were not prescribed optimally: too long duration, insufficient dosages. Such phenomena are disturbing with regard to their consequences on the evolution of bacterial resistances. A comparison between French practices and those of Germany and the United Kingdom suggests that recourse to treatment is more frequent in France for the infectious diseases mentioned above, with more intensive utilization of antibiotics, in particular broad-spectrum penicillins. Recommendations have been made in favor of a rationalisation of practices.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1999

[Prescriptions and consumption of venotonic drugs in France (à propos of the report of the French National Institute for prescriptions and consumption of drugs)].

In 1997, consumption of veinotonic drugs in France represented 3.8% of the sales of refundable patient medicines, that is to say nearly 3 Billion francs with a 2.8% mean annual increase in units sold from 1983 to 1997, whereas prices decreased and new presentations with stronger dosages and larger packagings appeared on the market. No French epidemiologic specificity could be evidenced as regards the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency and its complications. In France, and in comparison with elastic support, veinotonic products are preponderant in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency despite restrictive labelling of authorization (treatment of symptoms) and recommendations of good practice which consider them as a complementary treatment. They are the subject of 18 million prescriptions per year, by 69,000 doctors, mainly general practitioners. They are utilized over long periods, within a context of prescription rather than automedication. The number of patent medicines available (109), the status of refundable medicine, strong demand of patients and therapeutic habits have made France the world's foremost market for veinotonic products, with 70% of international sales. French particularism is indeed due to these factors and not to the prevalence of the condition to be treated.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1995

[Medical treatment after myocardial infarct: reflex prescription or thoughtful prescription].

There have been many therapeutic trials to determine the efficacy of given drugs prescribed after myocardial infarction. This may be explained by the very number of families of drugs which may intervene during the evolution of coronary artery disease. A common mistake is to think that the results of therapeutic trials can be automatically applied in clinical practice. In order for the demonstrated effect of a product to lead to its automatic prescription, there must be confirmation that the importance of the expected benefits does not depend on the type of infarction. This is probably the case for aspirin and the reduction of cholesterol levels which seem to be effective irrespective of the characteristics of the initial infarction. On the other hand, the efficacy or dangers of anti-ischaemic drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or antiarrhythmics, is very dependent on the impact of the infarct on left ventricular function. The prescription of drugs after myocardial infarction depends on individual parameters which lead to the adaptation of consensus recommendations to each particular case.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1993

Drug-prescription in the five new federal lands--a comparison with the prescription of the old federal lands of Germany.

In the present study, the consumption of several drugs on the territories of the former GDR and FRG was compared using 200,000 prescriptions and the defined daily doses (DDD). Furthermore, for the two parts of Germany, the 20 most frequently prescribed drugs were evaluated. Calcium antagonists and the beta-blockers prevailed in East Germany, while cardiac glycosides, vasodilators, reserpin-containing antihypertensives, bronchodilators (beta-adrenoceptor agonists), neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants, antacids, H2-receptor blockers, chondroprotectives were used 1.5 to 5 times more frequently in West Germany. Because in East Germany, a shortage of drugs was no longer observed in 1991, several other reasons for the "over-prescription" of drugs for the patients in West Germany must be mentioned.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1995

[Drug prescription in the postinfarction period; results of the EPPI II (Study of Postinfarct Prescription). A French cooperative study].

An enquiry into drug prescription of patients discharged from hospital after myocardial infarction was carried out in 27 French hospital departments and included 430 patients. Each patient was prescribed an average of 3.9 drugs. Aspirin was the most widely prescribed drug (79.3%); this was followed by the betablockers (67.4%), long acting nitrate derivatives (42.3%) and calcium antagonists (35.1%). These results, though an improvement compared with those of an enquiry carried out 3 years ago, suggest that much prescription in the post-infarction period is not consistent with our present knowledge.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗