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Results for “PINEAL BODY”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of MR imaging on the normal human pineal body: measurement of plasma melatonin levels.

Production of melatonin, a hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal body, has been suppressed by electromagnetic fields in some but not all animal studies. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T was evaluated for its ability to modulate the level of melatonin in eight male volunteers. Subjects were exposed to three conditions, respectively, between 1:00 and 2:00 AM on different nights: (a) a series of routine MR pulse sequences for brain imaging in dark conditions, (b) dark control conditions, and (c) bright-light control conditions. Plasma was analyzed for melatonin and cortisol levels. Hormonal changes were analyzed by one-factor repeated measures within-subject analysis of variance. These conditions were associated with significant differences in melatonin levels: F(2, 6) = 7.95, and P = .021. Subjects exposed to darkness showed a typical increase in melatonin concentration. Subjects exposed to bright light showed a characteristic suppression of melatonin concentration. Those exposed to the MR imaging fields showed an increase in melatonin level similar to that seen in the dark control condition. Light and MR imaging had no significant effects on cortisol levels. Thus, MR imaging at field strengths known to modulate melatonin levels in rats did not suppress melatonin production in human subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1951

[Pineal body].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Daily variation and light responsiveness of mammalian clock gene, Clock and BMAL1, transcripts in the pineal body and different areas of brain in rats.

Expression patterns of mammalian clock genes, Clock and BMAL1, were examined by in situ hybridization in the pineal body, olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellum in rats under constant darkness. In the pineal, the level of Clock transcript was significantly higher at ZT18 (subjective night) than at ZT6 (subjective day), while the level of BMAL1 transcript was significantly higher at ZT6 than at ZT18. A 30 min light pulse did not affect the transcript levels of Clock nor of BMAL1. The Clock expression in the cerebellum was significantly increased at ZT6 than at ZT18, while no difference was detected in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus at these two phases. The BMAL1 expressions in these areas were similar to the case in the pineal. These findings indicate that the mammalian clock gene, Clock and BMAL1, are expressed differently in the different areas of the brain and the pineal.

ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
PubMed1976

Results of irradiation of tumors in the region of the pineal body.

The clinical findings and results of radiation treatment in 14 patients with tumors in the region of the pineal body are presented. The neurologic signs and symptoms improved significantly in 11 patients (79 per cent). The survival rate for five years or more was 50 per cent. Radiation therapy as the primary method of treatment is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Germinoma of the pineal body with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells.

Almost all types of germ cell tumors are known to occur in the third ventricle-pineal region. In this paper we report the case of a 16-year-old boy having a particular subtype of germinoma of the pineal body in which scattered syncytiotrophoblastic cells positive for human chorionic gonadotropin were found. This tumor is considered the central nervous system counterpart of seminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells and dysgerminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Word deafness after resection of a pineal body tumor in the presence of normal wave latencies of the auditory brain stem response.

We studied the case of a 48-year-old woman who had resection of a pineal body tumor in terms of postoperative audiological function. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging disclosed partial inferior colliculi destruction and medial geniculate body degeneration. A pure tone audiogram revealed only moderate sensorineural hearing loss, but her speech perception was totally impaired. The binaural sound localization function was also impaired. The auditory brain stem response (ABR) showed waves I, III, and V to have normal latencies. The amplitude of wave III was larger than that of wave V. These results support the view that the waves of the ABR are elicited from multiple sources in the auditory brain stem nuclei and tracts. This case suggests a substantial role for the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body in the processing of speech perception and sound localization.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1976

Opiate and endocrine interaction: morphine effects on hypothalamus and pineal body.

Experiments were performed on male Holtzman albino rats. Stainless steel semimicroelectrodes 60 micron in diameter were implanted stereotaxically in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and in the pineal body (PB). Six to eight days following this operation, the sensory field potentials from freely behaving, unrestrained rats were averaged. After a control recording was achieved, animals were given injections i.p. with 10,30 or 50 mg/kg of morphine and recordings were resumed for 45 min. Naloxone was then administered and recordings were monitored during another 45 min period. Three consistent components of the averaged sensory evoked potentials were evaluated. In both structures following the two lower doses of morphine (10 and 30 mg/kg), increased and decreased response amplitudes were observed, while following 50 mg/kg morphine, mainly increased response amplitudes were obtained in both structures. With increased doses, the percentage of responses was increased. During the 45 min of recording after morphine, effects remained consistent. Differences in the percentage and the direction of the responses were observed between the VMH and the PB. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) reversed the morphine effect in the two structures, both the increased and decreased responses. The possible interactions between morphine and endocrine function of the two structures are discussed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

Influence of the pineal body on experimental TSH dominance in rat.

Iodide uptake of the thyroid following the joint administration of 1-methyl-2-mercapto-imidazole (MMI) and TSH was studied by autoradiography at various points of time throughout 125 days in pinealectomized and sham-operated rats. In the pinealectomized group iodide uptake decreased. The enhanced TSH effect also decreased by the end of the experiment, suggesting the existence of a mechanism antagonizing the TSH effect. It is assumed that prolonged TSH dominance stimulates the pineal which, in turn, inhibits iodide uptake by the thyroid. This mechanism would thus prevent the TSH dominant state to influence the thyroid. As this prevention occurred also in pinealectomized animals it is postulated that some other as yet unknown structures exert a similar effect. It is suggested that the pineal body acts upon the follicular cells of the thyroid, exerting thus a peripheral inhibitory effect on iodide-uptake.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of morphine on sensory-evoked responses recorded from central gray, reticular formation, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, basal ganglia, dorsal raphe, locus ceruleus, and pineal body.

Field potential recordings of acoustic and photic-evoked responses were obtained from 15 brain sites of freely behaving unanesthetized rats previously implanted stereotaxically with permanent electrodes. Several dosages of morphine (1, 5, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg) were examined. The activities recorded from all the structures in this study, except the cochlear nucleus (CoN), were affected by morphine. Different sensitivities to morphine threshold were observed between structures, and several structures exhibited dose-related patterns (ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), caudate nuucleus (CN), central gray (CG), hippocampus (Hipp), and lateral septum (Spt)). Several brain sites, after the initial dose of morphine, did not recruit more responses to subsequent doses of the drug, ie, exhibited all-or-none responses (pineal body (PB), medial thalamus (MTh), anterior hypothalamus (AH), mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), and the dorsal raphe (DR)). In some structures, morphine induced increases in the response amplitudes, while in other sites decreases in response amplitudes were elicited. Biphasic responses, ie, increases in response amplitude after low doses of the drug and decreases in response amplitude after higher dosages, were also observed (VMH, CN, DR, CG, and MRF). The acoustic-evoked responses were affected by morphine more than the photic responses. The present observations indicated that 1) morphine exerts effects in many parts of the central nervous system (CNS); 2) some structures are more sensitive to morphine than others; 3) only a few structures exhibit dose-related patterns and, thus, may represent sites of direct morphine action; 4) some structures exhibit all-or-none responses; and 5) morphine depressed activity in some structures and increased activity in others, ie, morphine elicited different effects in different structures.

Acoustic Stimulation↗