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[Risks related to the uncontrolled development of pharmacognosy in the United States and France].

A number of plants of ancestral tradition exhibit properties deserving therapeutic applications. However, their use in conditions which do not guarantee sufficient safety may lead to incidences and sometimes serious accidents. In the US the weakness of the present provisions of the federal regulation do not allow a satisfactory and preliminary control. Moreover, these plants are mostly prescribed by non-medicals and outside the authority of pharmacists. This situation would be highly prejudicial if it would be implemented in Europe. France has a well conceived and satisfactory system, but which is unable to benefit from new accessions, namely exotic plants. To ignore them would lead to strengthening the already existing and parallel organizations. The authors suggest that the health authorities should create a complementary system open to new medicinal plants, avoiding uncontrolled sales. They suggest also that before any acceptance a realistic probationary period would be applied in order to evaluate the quality but overall the eventual toxicity of these plants.

France↗

[Dragon's blood. A glance into the history of pharmacognosy].

Dragon's blood, a red resin, which is often used as a dry powdered "herbal" remedy in traditional medicine, has different origins which are briefly discussed. This contribution however focuses on the species of the genus Dracaena Vand ex L., belonging to the Agavaceae and native to the Old World and the Canary Islands. H.J.N. Crantz, a botanist and medical doctor turned pharmacologist (born in 1722 near Luxembourg), had published a brief and very uncommon treatise on this group of plants, which he only knew from botanical gardens. The pharmacognostical and historical background of dragon's blood use is at the core of this contribution--the drug itself being of no major importance in today's medical care.

Botany↗

[Pharmacognosy of hog nail of Sus scrofa domestica Brisson].

This paper reports the characteristics of microscopic and physicochemical identifications, as well as the determination of amino acids and inorganic elements in Unguis Suillus of the crude drug Hog Nail of Sus scrofa domestica. The results show that the protein content of Unguis Suillus amounts to 80.65%. The amino acids in the drug consist of 7 essential amino acids and 9 nonessential amino acids. The main inorganic elements are Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Zn.

Amino Acids↗

[Studies on the pharmacognosy of Cortex Illicii and its adulterants].

The traditional Chinese Medicine Cortex Illicii and its adulterants were studied on textual identification, botanical origin, morphological and histological characters. The TLC and UV spertra methods were established to separate and estimate Difengpin, Magnolol and beta-sitosterol in Cortex Illicii and its products.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗

[Studies on pharmacognosy of Echinacea purpurea].

Pharmacognostical studies of Echinacea purpurea were carried out by botanical analysis, microscopic analysis and physicochemical analysis. The detalied pharmacognostical characteristics of Echinacea purpurea were described respectively.

Echinacea↗