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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

High proportion of T-cell systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-infected patients in Lima, Peru.

OBJECTIVE: Few reports have described the clinical and pathologic characteristics of HIV-related systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (sNHL) in developing countries. We aimed to determine these characteristics from a national HIV reference center in Peru and to evaluate factors associated with survival. METHODS: A retrospective/prospective study of patients with HIV-related sNHL from the Guillermo Almenara General Hospital in Lima, Peru between 1993 and 2004. Clinical characteristics at diagnosis included age, gender, risk behavior, previous AIDS diagnosis, opportunistic diseases, previous highly active antiretroviral therapy, Karnofsky score, origin, clinical stage and B-cell symptoms of sNHL, and CD4 cell count. Cases of sNHL were classified according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases were identified (26 male, age range: 38 +/- 10 years). Ten patients (30%) had a prior history of AIDS, 14 (42%) had a Karnofsky score of <or=70, and 18 (56%) had clinical stage IV sNHL. The CD4 cell count median value was 111 cells/microL (n = 25). Twenty-four cases (73%) were B-cell sNHL, and 9 cases (27%) were T-cell sNHL, both from peripheral cells. Nineteen cases of sNHL were extranodal: 15 of B-cell origin and 4 of T-cell origin. Eighteen cases of B-cell sNHL had diffuse large cell histologic findings, and all cases of T-cell sNHL were unspecified. Although there were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between phenotypes, patients with T-cell sNHL had less aggressive disease and a better survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of T-cell sNHL cases was found at an HIV reference center in Peru. Clinical characteristics were similar between B-cell and T-cell lymphoma patients. T-cell lymphoma was less aggressive, and patients with T-cell lymphoma had a better survival rate than those with B-cell lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Molecular resolution of a complex of potyviruses infecting solanaceous crops at the centre of origin in Peru.

Peru is a centre of origin and domestication of the potato, pepper and tomato (family Solanaceae). Many potyviruses (genus Potyvirus) that infect these crops were described 20-30 years ago. However, definitive classification of these viruses as distinct species remains unresolved for several reasons, including their close serological relationships, similar symptomatology in test plants and lack of genomic sequence data. Using samples collected from Peru, we have determined the complete genomic sequence of two strains of Peru tomato virus (PTV) as well as near-complete sequences for two additional PTV strains. We also obtained partial sequences of four strains of Potato virus V (PVV). Comparisons with genomic sequences of Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Potato virus A (PVA) and other potyviruses established that all these viruses constitute different taxa (species). Phylogenetic comparisons indicated that PTV, PVV and WPMV are the most closely related species which, together with PepMoV, PVY, Pepper yellow mosaic virus and Pepper severe mosaic virus, constitute a group that is distinguishable from other potyviruses. Therefore, the members of this group may share a common ancestor. PVA does not belong to this group. PVV and PTV were also closely related serologically. However, PTV did not cross-protect against PVV and WPMV in tobacco plants or complement systemic infection of PVV and WPMV in pepper plants. Two biologically and phylogenetically distinguishable strain groups were identified within PTV and PVV. In future studies, the sequence data and virus-specific primers and probes for PTV, PVV and WPMV described in this study will enable accurate indexing of plants with respect to either single or mixed infection with these viruses.

Capsicum↗
PubMed2005

The 1991 cholera epidemic in Peru: not a case of precaution gone awry.

The precautionary principle calls on decisionmakers to take preventive action in light of evidence indicating that there is a potential for harm to public health and the environment, even though the nature and magnitude of harm are not fully understood scientifically. Critics of the precautionary principle frequently argue that unbridled application of the principle leads to unintended damage to health and ecosystems (risk tradeoffs) and that precautious decision making leaves us vulnerable to "false-positive" risks that divert resources away from "real risks." The 1991 cholera epidemic in Peru is often cited as an example of these pitfalls of the precautionary principle. It has been mistakenly argued that application of the precautionary principle caused decisionmakers to stop chlorinating the water supply due to the risks of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), resulting in the epidemic. Through analyses of investigations conducted in the cities of Iquitos and Trujillo, Peru, literature review, and interviews with leading Peruvian infectious disease researchers, we determined that the epidemic was caused by a much more complex set of circumstances, including poor sanitation conditions, poor separation of water and waste streams, and inadequate water treatment and distribution systems. The evidence indicates that no decision was made to stop chlorinating on the basis of DBP concerns and that concerns raised about DBPs masked more important factors limiting expansion of chlorination. In fact, outside of Peru's capital Lima, chlorination of drinking water supplies at the time of the epidemic was limited at best. We conclude that the Peruvian cholera epidemic was not caused by a failure of precaution but rather by an inadequate public health infrastructure unable to control a known risk: that of microbial contamination of water supplies.

Cholera↗
PubMed2006

Prokaryotic community composition and biogeochemical processes in deep subseafloor sediments from the Peru Margin.

The community compositions of Bacteria and Archaea were investigated in deep, sub-seafloor sediments from the highly productive Peru Margin (ODP Leg 201, sites 1228 and 1229, c. 25 km apart) down to nearly 200 m below the seafloor using taxonomic (16S rRNA) and functional (mcrA and dsrA) gene markers. Bacterial and archaeal groups identified from clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene sequences at site 1229 agreed well with sequences amplified from bands excised from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) depth profiles, with the exception of the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG). This suggested that the prokaryotic community at site 1228, obtained from DGGE profiling alone, was reliable. Sites were dominated by Bacteria in the Gammaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi (green non-sulphur bacteria) and Archaea in the MCG and South African Gold Mine Euryarchaeotic Group, although community composition changed with depth. The candidate division JS1 was present throughout both sites but was not dominant. The populations identified in the Peru Margin sediments consisted mainly of prokaryotes found in other deep subsurface sediments, and were more similar to communities from the Sea of Okhotsk (pelagic clays) than to those from the low organic carbon Nankai Trough sediments. Despite broad similarities in the prokaryotic community at the two sites, there were some differences, as well as differences in activity and geochemistry. Methanogens (mcrA) within the Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales were only found at site 1229 (4 depths analysed), whereas sulphate-reducing prokaryotes (dsrA) were only found at site 1228 (one depth), and these terminal-oxidizing prokaryotes may represent an active community component present at low abundance. This study clearly demonstrates that the deep subsurface sediments of the Peru Margin have a large diverse and metabolically active prokaryotic population.

Archaea↗
PubMed2004

Detection of CTX-M-type beta-lactamase genes in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy children in Bolivia and Peru.

A survey was carried out from August to November 2002 to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal Escherichia coli isolates from 3,208 healthy children from four different urban areas of Latin America, two in Bolivia (Camiri and Villa Montes) and two in Peru (Yurimaguas and Moyobamba). Ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli isolates were detected in four children, one from each of the areas sampled. The isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype, including resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins and aztreonam, and the MICs of ceftazidime for the isolates were lower than those of cefotaxime. By PCR and sequencing, the bla(CTX-M-2) determinant was detected in three isolates and the bla(CTX-M-15) determinant was detected in one isolate (from Peru). The CTX-M-2-producing isolates belonged to three different phylogenetic groups (groups A, B2, and D), while the CTX-M-15-producing isolate belonged to phylogenetic group D. The bla(CTX-M-2) determinants were transferable to E. coli by conjugation, while conjugative transfer of the bla(CTX-M-15) determinant was not detectable. Plasmids harboring the bla(CTX-M-2) determinant exhibited similar restriction profiles, and in all of them the gene was located on a 2.2-kb PstI fragment, suggesting a genetic environment similar to that present in In35 and InS21. The findings of the present study confirm the widespread distribution of CTX-M-type beta-lactamases and underscore the role that commensal E. coli isolates could play as a potential reservoir of these clinically relevant resistance determinants. This is the first report of CTX-M-type enzymes in Bolivia and Peru and also the first report of the detection of CTX-M-15 in Latin America.

Bolivia↗
PubMed2004

Population genetic analysis of Bartonella bacilliformis isolates from areas of peru where Carrion's disease is endemic and epidemic.

Carrion's disease is caused by infection with the alpha-proteobacterium Bartonella bacilliformis. Distribution of the disease is considered coincident with the distribution of its known vector, the sand fly Lutzomyia verrucarum. Recent epidemics of B. bacilliformis infections associated with atypical symptomatology in nonendemic regions have raised questions regarding the historic and present distribution of this bacterium and the scope of disease that infection causes. Phylogenetic relationships and genomic diversity of 18 B. bacilliformis isolates (10 isolates from a region where Carrion's disease is epidemic, Cuzco, Peru, and 8 isolates from a region where Carrion's disease is endemic, Caraz, Peru) were assessed using genomic data generated by infrequent restriction site PCR and gene sequence analysis of the flagellin gltA and ialB genes. A population genetic analysis of the genomic diversity suggests that what was once considered an epidemic region of Peru did not result from the recent introduction of B. bacilliformis.

Bartonella Infections↗
PubMed2006

Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture.

This paper examines the traditional use of medicinal plants in Northern Peru, with special focus on the Departments of Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca, and San Martin. Northern Peru represents the center of the old Central Andean "Health Axis," stretching from Ecuador to Bolivia. The roots of traditional healing practices in this region go at least as far back as the Moche period (AC 100-800). Although about 50% of the plants in use reported in the colonial period have disappeared from the popular pharmacopoeia, the plant knowledge of the population is much more extensive than in other parts of the Andean region. 510 plant species used for medicinal purposes were collected, identified and their vernacular names, traditional uses and applications recorded. The families best represented were Asteraceae with 69 species, Fabaceae (35), Lamiaceae (25), and Solanaceae (21). Euphorbiaceae had twelve species, and Apiaceae and Poaceae 11 species. The highest number of species was used for the treatment of "magical/ritual" ailments (207 species), followed by respiratory disorders (95), problems of the urinary tract (85), infections of female organs (66), liver ailments (61), inflammations (59), stomach problems (51) and rheumatism (45). Most of the plants used (83%) were native to Peru. Fresh plants, often collected wild, were used in two thirds of all cases, and the most common applications included the ingestion of herb decoctions or the application of plant material as poultices.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Genetic lineages in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Peru.

The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti was introduced in Peru in 1852 and was considered to be eradicated in 1958. In 2001, Ae. aegypti had been recorded in 15 out of 24 Peruvian Departments. Peru has great ecological differences between the east and west sides of Andes. Because of this, we consider that Ae. aegypti populations of both east and west sides can have a genetically distinct population structure. In this study we examined genetic variability and genealogical relationships among three Ae. aegypti Peruvian populations: Lima, Piura (west Andes), and Iquitos (east Andes) using a fragment of the ND4 gene of the mitochondrial genome. Three haplotypes were detected among 55 samples. Lima and Iquitos showed the same haplotype (Haplotype I), whereas Piura has two haplotypes (Haplotype II and III). Haplotype II is four mutational steps apart from Haplotype I, while Haplotype III is 13 mutational steps apart from Haplotype I in the network. The analysis of molecular variation showed that mostly of the detected genetic variation occurs at interpopulational level. The significant value Phi(st) suggests that Piura population is structured in relation to Lima and Iquitos populations and the gene flow of the ND4 is restricted in Piura when compared to Lima and Iquitos. Genetic relationship between haplotype I and haplotype II suggests introduction of the same mtDNA lineage into those localities. However the existence of a genetically distant haplotype III also suggests introduction of at least two Ae. aegypti lineages in Peru.

Aedes↗
PubMed2006

[Drug consumption and occupational violence in working women, a multicenter study: Mexico, Peru, Brazil].

The purposes of the study were: 1) Determine the proportion of working women who consume drugs; 2) identify some occupational and personal risk factors that can predict drugs consumption; 3) identify the presence of occupational violence and its relation with drugs consumption; 4) identify differences and similarities in drugs consumption and occupational violence among women from three communities in Mexico (Monterrey), Peru (Lima) and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). A multicenter, descriptive, correlational and comparative study was carried out, with a sample of 903 women. The results show that 11% of the participants in Mexico consume alcohol, 53% in Peru and 45% in Brazil. The consumption of illicit drugs corresponded to 5% in Mexico and 6% in Peru. The presence of occupational violence was found in 16% of the Mexican participants, 24% of the Peruvians and 39% of the Brazilians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Rotavirus diarrhea disease burden in Peru: the need for a rotavirus vaccine and its potential cost savings.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the disease burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Peru as well the need for and the potential cost savings with a rotavirus vaccine in that country. METHODS: To assess the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Peru, we reviewed published and unpublished reports where rotavirus was sought as the etiologic agent of diarrhea in children. Rotavirus detection rates obtained from these studies were combined with diarrhea incidence rates from a number of national surveys in order to estimate both the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in the country and its associated medical costs. RESULTS: Rotavirus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Peruvian children. In their first 5 years of life, an estimated 1 in 1.6 children will experience an episode of rotavirus diarrhea, 1 in 9.4 will seek medical care, 1 in 19.7 will require hospitalization, and 1 in 375 will die of the disease. Per year, this represents approximately 384,000 cases, 64,000 clinic visits, 30,000 hospitalizations, and 1,600 deaths. The annual cost of medical care alone for these children is approximately US$ 2.6 million--and that does not take into account the indirect or societal costs of the illness and the deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus immunization provides the prospect of decreasing the morbidity and mortality from diarrhea in Peru, but a vaccine regimen would have to be relatively inexpensive, a few dollars or less per child. Future cost-effectiveness analyses should explore the total costs (medical as well as indirect or societal) associated with rotavirus diarrhea. Newly licensed vaccines should be tested according to both their ability to avert deaths and their efficacy with fewer than three doses. All three of these factors could increase the cost savings associated with a rotavirus vaccine.

Cost Savings↗
PubMed2004

[Tiredness and sleepiness in bus drivers and road accidents in Peru: a quantitative study].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship that tiredness and sleepiness in bus drivers have to road accidents in Peru. Information from various countries indicates that driver sleepiness plays an important role in road accidents. However, there is only limited information on this subject in Peru. METHODS: Using a supervised, pretested survey, a cross-sectional observational and comparative study was carried out with 238 bus drivers who drive on the Northern Pan American Highway of Peru. To determine the relationship between variables the chi-square test was used, along with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The variables analyzed were: tiredness, sleepiness, hours of driving per day, daily hours of sleep, body mass index, snoring, sleep apnea, and either having had or almost having had an accident while driving. RESULTS: Of the 238 drivers, all of them were men, 45% said they had had or nearly had had an accident while driving, 55% slept less than 6 hours per day, 31% had slept less than 6 hours in the 24 hours before answering the survey, and 80% were in the habit of driving more than 5 hours without stopping. Of the drivers, 56% of them reported being tired at least some of the time while driving; of this group, 65% of them reported being tired during the early morning. Seventy-six drivers (32%) said that while they were driving their eyes had fallen shut. In terms of where they slept, 194 of the drivers (81%) said they always slept in the lower luggage compartment of the bus while another driver was driving the bus or when the bus was parked in the bus terminal. The steps that drivers took to avoid falling asleep while driving included: wetting the face with water, eating fruit, opening the window of the driver's compartment, drinking coffee, listening to music, smoking, chewing coca leaves, and drinking alcohol mixed with coca leaves. In the opinion of 55% of the drivers, the leading cause of road accidents is tiredness. Accidents and near-accidents while driving occurred mainly between midnight and 6 a. m. Having an accident or a near-accident was strongly associated with tiredness and with having the eyes drop shut while driving (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Tiredness and sleepiness while driving were common among the bus drivers, with various possible causes: acute and chronic sleep deprivation, irregular schedule changes, and sleep disorders due to the drivers' working conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that fatigue and sleepiness among bus drivers are related to road accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Amazon Basin region of Peru.

As part of a comprehensive study on the ecology of arthropod-borne viruses in the Amazon Basin region of Peru, we assayed 539,694 mosquitoes captured in Loreto Department, Peru, for arboviruses. Mosquitoes were captured either by dry ice-baited miniature light traps or with aspirators while mosquitoes were landing on human collectors, identified to species, and later tested on Vero cells for virus. In total, 164 virus isolations were made and included members of the Alphavirus (eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Trocara, Una, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses), Flavivirus (Ilheus and St. Louis encephalitis), and Orthobunyavirus (Caraparu, Itaqui, Mirim, Murutucu, and Wyeomyia viruses) genera. In addition, several viruses distinct from the above-mentioned genera were identified to the serogroup level. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was associated primarily with Culex pedroi Sirivanakarn & Belkin, whereas Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus was associated primarily with Culex gnomatos Sallum, Huchings & Ferreira. Most isolations of Ilheus virus were made from Psorophora ferox (Von Humboldt). Although species of the Culex subgenus Melanoconion accounted for only 45% of the mosquitoes collected, 85% of the virus isolations were made from this subgenus. Knowledge of the viruses that are being transmitted in the Amazon Basin region of Peru will enable the development of more effective diagnostic assays, more efficient and rapid diagnoses of clinical illnesses caused by these pathogens, risk analysis for military/civilian operations, and development of potential disease control measures.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in northern Peru.

Since Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) was isolated in Peru in 1942, >70 isolates have been obtained from mosquitoes, humans, and sylvatic mammals primarily in the Amazon region. To investigate genetic relationships among the Peru VEEV isolates and between the Peru isolates and other VEEV strains, a fragment of the PE2 gene was amplified and analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism. Representatives of seven genotypes underwent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results identified four VEE complex lineages that cocirculate in the Amazon region: subtypes ID (Panama and Colombia/Venezuela genotypes), IIIC, and a new, proposed subtype IIID, which was isolated from a febrile human, mosquitoes, and spiny rats. Both ID lineages and the IIID subtype are associated with febrile human illness. Most of the subtype ID isolates belonged to the Panama genotype, but the Colombia/Venezuela genotype, which is phylogenetically related to epizootic strains, also continues to circulate in the Amazon basin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Basic epidemiology of tuberculosis in Peru: a prevalence study of tuberculin sensitivity in a Pueblo joven.

Tuberculosis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in developing nations. As a first step in defining the magnitude of the problem in Peru, we determined the prevalence of tuberculin sensitivity in an age-stratified, community-based population on the outskirts of Lima in December 1990. The overall prevalence of 10 mm or more induration in 368 individuals was 34%. When stratified by age, the prevalence was 12% in the 0-1-year-old group, 18% in the 2-4-year-old group, 24% in the 5-14-year-old group, 60% in the 15-24-year-old group, and 68% in the > or = 25-year-old group. Vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (87% of the study population) caused significant increases in weak (5-9 mm) reactions to purified protein derivative, but did not cause strong (10 mm or more) reactions. The prevalence of tuberculous infection in this population is higher than that previously reported in Peru and in most other high-risk populations. Unfortunately, the current political and economic situation in Peru makes it difficult to implement public health measures to prevent infection and progression of infection to disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Epidemic cholera in Trujillo, Peru 1992: utility of a clinical case definition and shift in Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype.

Epidemic cholera continues in Peru. Since 1991, cholera surveillance in Peru has been based mainly on clinical recognition. To determine the proportion of reported cholera patients who actually have cholera and to evaluate the clinical case definition used in surveillance, we cultured rectal swabs from patients presenting with acute diarrhea in March 1992 in Trujillo, Peru. Of 197 patients meeting the clinical case definition, 174 (88%) had confirmed Vibrio cholerae O1 infection. In this epidemic setting, watery diarrhea of sudden onset in a person of any age presenting for treatment is highly predictive of cholera. Of note, 90% of the current V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates were of serotype Ogawa, while a year earlier, all were of serotype Inaba.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Oropouche virus infections among Peruvian army troops in the Amazon region of Peru.

An outbreak of a febrile illness characterized by headache, ocular pain, myalgia, and arthralgia occurred during June 1994 among Peruvian army troops in Northern Peru. On June 14-16, 1994, clinical data and blood samples were obtained from eight soldiers with a febrile illness, and from 26 others who had a history of febrile illness during the past three months. A follow-up blood sample was obtained 107 days later from four of the febrile and seven of the afebrile soldiers. Serum samples were tested for dengue (DEN), Oropouche (ORO), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) IgM and IgG antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virus isolation was performed by inoculation of newborn mice and Vero cell cultures. Viral isolates were identified by immunofluorescence, ELISA, and nucleotide sequencing. A VEE virus infection was confirmed in three of the eight febrile soldiers, two by virus isolation, and one by serology. Antigenic analysis indicated that one of the virus isolates was similar to VEE subtype I, variety ID, viruses previously isolated in Colombia and Venezuela. Nucleotide sequence data showed that both viral isolates were identical to one another and closely related to VEE ID viruses previously isolated in Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. Serologic results showed that two of 26 afebrile soldiers had IgM antibody to VEE and four had IgG antibody to VEE; two febrile soldiers had IgG antibody in their first serum samples. Oropouche-specific IgM antibody was detected in one of the eight febrile and five of the afebrile soldiers, and 18 of the 34 soldiers had low titers of ORO IgG antibody titers, which did not meet the diagnostic criteria for confirmed cases. All soldiers were negative for DEN IgM antibody, and 10 had flavivirus IgG antibody that reacted with DEN antigens. These data indicated that VEE ID virus was one of the causes of illness among Peruvians soldiers and that this was the first association of this VEE subtype with human disease in Peru.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Identification and genetic analysis of Panama-genotype Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype ID in Peru.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was isolated in 1993, 1994, and 1995 from human cases of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Two virus isolates were recovered in 1994 from Peruvian soldiers at a jungle outpost near Pantoja in northern Peru, and 10 isolates were obtained from military personnel and civilians in 1993-1995 in Iquitos, an urban center in northeastern Peru. The genetic relationship of these isolates to other VEE virus strains was determined by sequencing 856-867 nucleotide reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction fragments derived from the PE2 glycoprotein gene. The sequences were compared with those of other VEE virus strains, including representatives of the IAB, IC, ID, IE, II, and IIIC subtypes. The two Pantoja isolates were most closely related to subtype IC and ID viruses previously isolated in Colombia and Venezuela, and to the ID viruses isolated during the 1970s in Iquitos. All of the recent Iquitos isolates were similar to one another, but they were more closely related to Panamanian ID strains than to isolates previously obtained in Iquitos, Peru, or in Colombia and Venezuela. The recent Iquitos VEE viral isolates were the first Panama-genotype VEE ID virus strains identified outside of the Republic of Panama.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of antibody to human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 among aboriginal groups inhabiting northern Argentina and the Amazon region of Peru.

We carried out a seroepidemiologic survey to define the prevalence of human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infections among aboriginal populations from isolated regions of northern Argentina and the Amazon region of Peru. Antibodies against HTLV were measured with agglutination tests and confirmed with by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting. Five (6.94%) of 72 samples from the Tobas Indians in Argentina were positive by the IFA; two samples were typed as HTLV-1 (2.78%), two as HTLV-2 (2.78%), and one (1.39%) could not be typed because it had similar antibody titers against both viruses. No positive samples were found among 84 Andinos Puneños and 47 Matacos Wichis Indians. Seroprevalences of 2.50% (1 of 40) and 1.43% (1 of 70) for HTLV-1 were observed among Wayku and San Francisco communities in the Amazon region of Peru, and seroprevalences of 4.54% (1 of 22) and 2.38% (1 of 42) for HTLV-2 were observed among Boca Colorada and Galilea communities. No serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was found among the Indians tested. These results indicated the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in the indigenous populations of Argentina and Peru. Moreover, the lack of HIV infection indicates that the virus has probably not yet been introduced into these populations.

Argentina↗