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Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”

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PubMed1989

[Value of x-ray computed tomography in muscular pathology. Personal cases and review of the literature].

The authors have studied the advantage of CT scans in muscular pathology. The scan, in addition to the diagnosis of tumors and muscular abscesses, permits to differentiate primary myopathies from neurogenic atrophies: in the course of myopathies, the muscle volume is preserved and they appear as a hypodensity; in neurogenic atrophies, the muscle volume is reduced with preserved density. The CT scan permits to determine the extension of these lesions. In the course of polymyositis, certain forms of rheumatoid arthritis, the scan discloses a trabecular and "worm-eaten" aspect of the muscles. This is also observed after long-term steroid therapy and other endocrine diseases (hyperthyroidism, osteomalacia) indicating an infra-clinical myopathy. In vertebral osteoporosis with fractures and patients with chronic lumbalgia, very often, an atrophy of the spinal muscle is observed. Finally, in the course of acquired kyphosis of the adult patient (camptocormia), the CT scan suggest an isolated myopathy, with late manifestations, of the paravertebral muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Patterns of personality pathology in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, and social phobia.

The relationship between co-occurring personality disorders and anxiety disorders (panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder) was examined, taking into account the effect of major depression. This article describes findings for 622 participants in the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Project, a longitudinal follow-up study of DSM-III-R-defined anxiety disorders. A total of 24% of participants had at least one personality disorder, with avoidant, obsessive compulsive, dependent, and borderline most common. Generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and major depression were positively associated with the occurrence of one or more personality disorders, whereas panic disorder with agoraphobia was not associated. Major depression was associated in particular with dependent, borderline, histrionic, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders and social phobia was associated with avoidant personality disorder. Whereas some of our findings confirm results from earlier studies, others are somewhat inconsistent with previous results and indicate the need for further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ambulatory treatment of varicose veins pathology. Personal experience].

OBJECTIVE: In time of Surgery Cost Planning, progress is every step to ward an efficient and complete ambulatory treatment of pathology. In the field of venous surgery, a large share of patients take profit from a complete treatment in a single hospitalisation day. MATERIALS: The Authors carried out 21 strippings of great saphenous vein in 21 patients with local and regional anaesthesia. RESULTS: The results were the same as those of the traditional operation carried out with the help of spinal anaesthesia for a greater safety and comfort of the surgeons action. Moreover the authors obtained an immediate take off of the patient and his discharging after a few hours under observation. COMMENTS: The particular surgery technique perfectly copes with the anaesthetic method and fully profits from it because it limits local complication and unacceptable aesthetic defects. The chosen anaesthetic technique and the early take off haven't brought to any complications; moreover subcutaneous bleeding has been reduced, due to the absence of vasoparalysis typical of spinal anaesthesia.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting personality pathology among adult patients with substance use disorders: effects of childhood maltreatment.

The purpose of this study was to examine predictive relationships between types of childhood maltreatment and personality disorders in a substance-abusing population. Three hundred thirty-nine drug- or alcohol-dependent patients completed a reliable and valid retrospective measure of childhood trauma, the CTQ, and a self-report inventory that assesses the entire range of DSM-III-R personality disorders, the PDQ-R. As a preliminary step, factor analyses were used to group personality disorders into the three DSM-III-R Axis II clusters (Clusters A, B, and C), although some diagnostic subclusters were also found. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed several significant paths between types of maltreatment and personality disorder clusters (and subclusters). Physical abuse and physical neglect were related to a subcluster of "psychopathic" personality disorders consisting of childhood and adult antisocial personality traits and sadistic traits. Emotional abuse emerged as a broad risk factor for personality disorders in Clusters A, B, and C. Emotional neglect was related to the traits of schizoid personality disorder, which formed its own subcluster. Finally, sexual abuse, which had been expected to predict borderline personality disorder traits, was unrelated to any personality disorder cluster. These findings support the view that child maltreatment contributes to the high prevalence of co-morbid personality disorders in addicted populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Interpersonal dependency and personality pathology: variations in Rorschach Oral Dependency scores across Axis II diagnoses.

Although several investigations have examined the relationship of Rorschach Oral Dependency (ROD; Masling, Rabie, & Blondheim, 1967) scores to Axis I diagnosis, there has been very little research assessing variations in ROD scores across Axis II personality disorders (PDs). In this study, ROD scores were compared in 5 PD groups (borderline PD inpatients, borderline PD outpatients, avoidant-dependent PD outpatients, narcissistic PD outpatients, and antisocial PD outpatients), and 2 non-PD comparison groups (psychotic disorder inpatients and college students). Borderline PD inpatients had significantly higher ROD scores than borderline PD outpatients, antisocial PD outpatients, and college students; no other between-group differences were found. We discuss implications of these results for research on dependency and Axis II psychopathology and offer suggestions for future studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Clinical utility of dimensional models for personality pathology.

Clinical utility is defined as the extent to which the DSM assists clinical decision makers in fulfilling the various clinical functions of a psychiatric classification system. Distinction is made between elements of diagnostic validity that are more or less conditional to utility (i.e., coverage, and consistency with etiology and prognosis) and components of clinical utility in the narrow sense of the term (i.e., user acceptability and accuracy, communication, reliability, subtlety, and clinical decision making). Clinical utility is often considered the driving force behind the respective revisions of the DSM system, yet it has been difficult if not impossible to obtain reasonable levels of clinical utility within categorical classifications of personality disorders. This paper presents evidence that a dimensional diagnostic system will substantially improve clinical utility, especially with respect to coverage, reliability, subtlety, and clinical decision making. In addition, some evidence suggests that the purely dimensional models outperform the so-called hybrid models (i.e., dimensional profiling of categories) with respect to coverage, consistency with etiology, subtlety, and clinical decision making. Several research options that might inform future revisions, including the choice or development of a dimensional classification, are suggested.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2005

Interpersonal perception and pathological personality features: consistency across peer groups.

This study investigated the consistency of interpersonal perceptions regarding people who exhibit features of personality disorders. The participants (N=82) were college students who were assessed for features of personality disorders, using both self-report and peer nominations at Time 1. Two years later, participants attended four meetings in groups of 7 to 12 people for a total of 2 hours. Group discussions were designed to encourage interaction and give participants an opportunity to behave in ways that might be expected from people with personality problems. After Meetings 1 and 4, group members ranked their impressions of each other with regard to several personality traits and behavioral attributes. We observed important consistencies between the peer nominations collected at Time 1 and personality rankings made by a different peer group at Time 2. There was considerable convergence between personality disorder features and negative evaluations by others, with participants high in detachment eliciting the most negative reactions from peers in the lab.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disord↗
PubMed1981

Developmental structuralist approach to the classification of adaptive and pathologic personality organizations: infancy and early childhood.

Traditional classification of psychopathology is based on either symptom clusters or etiology. The authors suggest the use of a developmental structuralist approach, which focuses on an organism's manner of organizing and differentiating its experience of the world (structures) at each developmental level. The authors describe their postulated development stages of infancy and early childhood and discuss the implications of their approach for understanding adaptive and maladaptive infant functioning, environmental patterns, and principles of preventive intervention. In addition to diagnosis and preventive or therapeutic planning, this approach may be valuable for longitudinal studies and assessing developmental progression and/or outcome because continuity can be observed in terms of developmental level of adaptability rather than specific behaviors and because its provides a set of "baseline" functions to assess clinically relevant aspects of development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Genetic mutations, acquired coagulation system disorders and obstetric pathology. Personal experience].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the incidence of thrombophilic disorders such as Factor II mutation, Leiden factor V and MTHFR genotype, and anti-phospholipid anti-bodies syndrome in women with or without pregnancy related problems. METHODS: Sixty-three patients (group A) with pregnancy complications were included in the study and tested for Factor V mutation, Factor II mutation, 5-10 MTHFR reductase mutation and anti-phospholipid antibodies syndrome. The incidence of disorders was compared with thirty-six pregnancies without complications (control study, group B). RESULTS: Hemostasis thrombophilic like disorders, were significantly high (p=0.001 vs group B). Nobody in both groups was homozygous for Leiden mutation or prothrombin mutation (Factor II). The prevalence of Factor V mutation in heterozygosis was significantly (p=0.01) higher in group A in comparison with group B. The MTHFR mutation in homozygosis was found in 21.4% of group A while in the control group it was 11%. Factor II mutation in heterozygosis and anti-phospholipid antibodies were found only in group A. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to evaluate the hemocoagulation patterns in women with a history of complicated pregnancies.

Adult↗