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PubMed1983

Quantitative evaluation of pallor-disc ratio and colour of the optic disc by a photographic method.

A photographic technique is described, which is based on simultaneous photography of the papilla with green and red filters by means of a stereoscopic fundus camera. Using black and white film, the negatives are photometrically measured and the pallor-disc ratio and colour of the papilla are calculated from the densitometric tracings. The latter parameter is quantitatively expressed by a numerical index. The method is demonstrated in a practical example.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Optic disc pallor: a false localizing sign.

A 20-year-old pregnant woman was referred with bilateral mild visual acuity loss and optic disc pallor. Because of profound color vision deficits out of proportion to her acuity loss, an abnormality of the cone photoreceptors was suspected. An electroretinogram confirmed the diagnosis of a cone dystrophy and precluded further costly and invasive testing. Cone dystrophy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with bilateral, nonrefractive visual loss, especially if color vision is disproportionately affected, even with a normal retinal appearance and no significant family history.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ectasis and pallor of peripheral airways during mechanical ventilation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphologic changes in peripheral airways associated with positive-pressure ventilation (PPV). DESIGN: Single-blind study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Ten patients who required mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory failure but had no history of prior pulmonary disease. INTERVENTIONS: Seventeen fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedures were performed using a fine fiberoptic bronchoscope of 1.8 mm outside diameter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main morphologic findings were pallor and ectasis. Increased secretions, pigmentation, and stenosis or collapse in peripheral airways also were observed. Patients with ectasis were more likely to have had prolonged mechanical ventilation (17 +/- 9 days) as compared with those patients without ectasis (9 +/- 5 days). CONCLUSION: The structural alterations in peripheral airways noted in patients on prolonged PPV suggest that barotrauma may be more widespread than previously recognized.

Adult↗

PubMed1952