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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Long-term all-sites cancer mortality time trends in Ohio, USA, 1970-2001: differences by race, gender and age.

BACKGROUND: There were significant changes in cancer mortality in the USA over the last several decades, in the whole country and in particular states. However, no in depth analysis has been published so far, dealing with changes in mortality time trends in the state of Ohio. Since the state of Ohio belongs to the states of relatively high level of all-sites mortality in both males and females, it is of interest to analyze recent changes in mortality rates, as well as to compare them with the situation in the rest of the USA. The main aim of this study was to analyze, describe and interpret all-sites cancer mortality time trends in the population of the State of Ohio. METHODS: Cancer mortality data by age, sex, race and year for the period 1970-2001 were obtained from the Surveillance Research Program of the National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software. A joinpoint regression methodology was used to provide estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and to detect points in time where significant changes in the trends occurred. RESULTS: In both, males and females mortality rates were higher in blacks compared with whites. The difference was bigger in males (39.9%) than in women (23.3%). Mortality rates in Ohio are generally higher than average USA rates--an overall difference was 7.5% in men in 1997-2001, and 6.1% in women. All-sites mortality trends in Ohio and in the whole USA are similar. However, in general, mortality rates in Ohio remained elevated compared with the USA rates throughout the entire analyzed period. The exceptions are the rates in young and middle-aged African Americans. CONCLUSION: Although direction of time trends in Ohio are similar in Ohio and the whole US, Ohio still have cancer mortality rates higher than the US average. In addition, there is a significant discrepancy between white and black population of Ohio in all-sites mortality level, with disadvantage for Blacks. To diminish disparities in cancer mortality between African Americans and white inhabitants of Ohio efforts should be focused on increasing knowledge of black people regarding healthy lifestyle and behavioral risk factors, but also on diminishing socioeconomic differences, and last but not least, on better access to medical care.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of E. coli O157 and Shiga toxin-encoding genes (stx) prevalence between Ohio, USA and Norwegian dairy cattle.

Environmental and food contamination with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) pose a threat to public health worldwide, with notable geographic differences in incidence of human disease caused by these organisms. The prevalence of E. coli O157 and total stx-positive specimens collected from mature dairy cattle in Ohio and Norwegian dairy farms was compared using identical laboratory methods in a cross-sectional survey. E. coli O157 was isolated from 5/750 (0.66%) of Ohio dairy cows from 4/50 (8%) different herds, whereas E. coli O157 was not isolated from any (0/680) cattle present in 50 Norwegian dairy herds. In contrast, at least one stx-positive faecal sample was identified by PCR on all (50/50) Norwegian farms but only on 70% (35/50) of Ohio farms. Average animal stx prevalence on Ohio farms was also lower; 14% vs. 61% in Ohio and Norwegian herds, respectively. Livestock feed contamination with generic E. coli was uncommon in Norway, 1/50 feeds testing positive, whereas 19/50 (38%) of feeds collected from Ohio farms were contaminated, some as high as 10(5) CFU/g. Despite extreme differences in on-farm management practices between countries, stx appear to be widely disseminated in cattle in both countries, while the human pathogenic O157 serotype is less widely disseminated in Norway than it is in Ohio. Geographic distribution differences of human pathogenic STEC serogroups in the bovine reservoir, as opposed to specific farm management practices affecting on farm STEC prevalence, may be an important defining factor influencing the incidence of human illnesses associated in different areas of the world.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Mortality from lung cancer and tobacco smoking in Ohio (U.S.): will increasing smoking prevalence reverse current decreases in mortality?

BACKGROUND: Despite significant changes in smoking patterns within the past few decades, lung cancer remains a major cause of cancer deaths in many developed countries in people of each sex, and one of the most important public health issues. The study aims to analyze the possible impact of changes in tobacco smoking practices in the state of Ohio (U.S.) on current and future trends and patterns of lung cancer mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mortality rates from lung cancer were calculated for the period 1970 to 2001 on the basis of data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The Joinpoint regression approach was used to evaluate changes in time trends by sex, age, and race. Data on smoking prevalence in Ohio were retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. RESULTS: Lung cancer mortality rates in Ohio have declined among men of all ages as well as in specific age groups in the 1990s, and the rate of increase among middle-aged and elderly women has dropped over time. The mortality rate among young women (ages 20-44) began to increase during the early 1990s. The prevalence of smoking in Ohio has increased since the early 1990s, especially among young persons. CONCLUSIONS: Recent trends in tobacco smoking in Ohio indicate that the declining trends in lung cancer mortality might be reversed in the future. An early indicator of possible change is the recent increase in mortality among young women. Implementation of the Ohio Comprehensive Tobacco Use Prevention Strategic Plan might help to disseminate proven prevention strategies among the inhabitants of Ohio and might thus prevent future increases in lung cancer mortality rates in the state.

Adult↗