Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Occlusal Splints”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Occlusal splint therapy in MPD and internal derangements of the TMJ.

Although occlusal splints are useful in the treatment of MPD and internal derangements, they must be used in a rational manner. Two basic appliances are employed in Phase I palliative therapy: a maxillary full coverage (MAR) and a mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance (MORA). The MAR is used in MPD patients primarily to disengage the occlusion and reduce parafunctional activity. In many cases of internal derangement, protrusive mandibular repositioning is indicated. By using the MORA during the day and the MAR at night, the disadvantages of each appliance are minimized.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Occlusal splint prescription in the management of temporomandibular disorders.

The case records of 159 patients who had been treated for temporomandibular disorders at the School of Clinical Dentistry Queen's University of Belfast were analysed retrospectively to determine which type of occlusal splint had been prescribed. Full maxillary occlusal coverage polycarbonate vacuum formed splints were prescribed most frequently, being used in 45% of cases, whilst lower splints were rarely constructed. After treatment 54% were asymptomatic which is slightly greater than that described by others as a placebo effect in splint therapy. This low success rate was, at least, in part attributable to a poor overall management strategy. The study highlights the need for a structured management strategy in treating patients with temporomandibular disorders and suggests a need for continuing postgraduate education in the care of these patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Occlusal splint therapy with a positioning orifice.

The authors studied the effect of a positioning orifice introduced in the anterior palatine region of occlusal splints for patients with craniomandibular disorders of swallowing and speech patterns. The patients were evaluated in four distinct situations. It was concluded that the splint orifice significantly favored swallowing and speech while the splint was being used, and is more comfortable for the patient.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic features of value in the management of temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome by occlusal splint therapy.

Fifty consecutive patients diagnosed as suffering from a temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome that required occlusal splint therapy were studied. Particular attention was given to observable features that could be analyzed during resolution as indicated by using successive visual analogue scales for pain assessment. By photographing occlusal registrations before and after each splint adjustment visit it was shown that the stabilization of occlusal patterns as resolution progressed gave a good indication of the success of treatment in most patients. In patients in which stabilization of patterns occurred but pain continued there was an indication of a complicating psychosocial disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Clinical effect of full coverage occlusal splint therapy for specific temporomandibular disorder conditions and symptoms.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of maxillary full-coverage occlusal splint (stabilization splint) therapy for specific temporomandibular disorders and their symptoms/signs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study assessed the outcome of 232 patients who were suffering from chronic pain on movements, joint noise except reciprocal clicking, and difficulty of mouth opening. All were treated with the stabilization splint alone. RESULTS: The total remission rate was 41% and, including those reporting some improvement, the rate was 84%. The presence of displaced disk significantly decreased the success rate. However, the presence or absence of radiographic changes in the temporomandibular joint did not influence the treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: From this study, it is suggested that the stabilization splint therapy may be a useful treatment modality in treatment of temporomandibular disorders, especially for the patients without clinical evidence of displaced disk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of difference of occlusal splint contacts on masticatory system].

The short-term effects of the difference of occlusal splint contacts on the jaw function were investigated on five healthy subjects. The maxillary stabilization splint (S-type) was fabricated and sectioned into three parts: an anterior section (A-type) and two posterior sections (P-type). These 3 types of splints were used for 10 days for each subject. The EMG activity of the masseter and the anterior and the posterior temporal muscles were measured during the maximum clenching in the intercuspal position and on the wearing splint. Subsequently on the bite force-measuring device with two transducers the bite and the EMG activity were measured during the maximum clenching, and the intercuspal occlusal contacts were recorded. The results were as follows: 1. After wearing the P-type, the total EMG activity during clenching in the intercuspal position was decreased, then increased after removal. 2. After wearing the S-type and the A-type the anteroposterior distribution of the bite force during clenching was changed, then returned after removal. 3. After wearing the A-type, the occlusal contact area of the anterior teeth in the intercuspal position was decreased, then increased after removal, while after wearing the S-type and the P-type that of the posterior teeth was decreased, then increased after removal.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of a full-arch maxillary occlusal splint on parafunctional activity during sleep in patients with nocturnal bruxism and signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the occlusal splint on parafunctional oral motor behavior (grinding and clenching) during sleep in patients with bruxism and craniomandibular disorders. The results revealed that the splint does not stop nocturnal bruxism. In 61% of the patients, wear facets on the splint were observed at every visit (2-week intervals) and in 39%, from time to time. The wear facets reappeared in the same location with the same pattern and were caused mainly by grinding. The extension of the facets showed that, during eccentric bruxism, the mandible moved laterally far beyond the edge-to-edge contact relationship of the canines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of effects of electromyographic biofeedback and occlusal splint therapy on mandibular dysfunction.

In order to evaluate and compare the effects of biofeedback and occlusal splint therapy on mandibular dysfunction, 30 patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. The patients were women aged 20--40 years without any obvious organic reasons for their symptoms. There were no significant differences between the two groups before the start of treatment in respect of signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. One group used full coverage splints at night for 6 weeks. The other group received biofeedback training up to six times, 30 min per session. One month after completion of the therapy the patients were re-examined. Both groups showed a significant reduction in symptoms, both subjectively and clinically. No significant differences between the groups were found. The two treatments were thus equally effective in the short-term perspective in patients with signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Retrospective study on the application of occlusal splints in 312 patients with temporomandibular disorders].

BACKGROUND: Temporo-mandibular disorders are classified into disorders involving TMJ components (articular disk displacement, deviation in form) and masticatory muscle disorders. METHODS: In this study the authors describe their experience of the non-surgical treatment of these pathologies. They review a total of 312 patients suffering from TMJ disorders treated with occlusal splint therapy applied for any TMJ dysfunction. The sample was monitored before and after occlusal therapy with an average follow-up of 30 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results were evaluated by comparing the authors' method of assessment with the parameters put forward by Levitt in 1993. Both methods of evaluation gave comparable results with a percentage of long-term success in excess of 87%.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Body position effects on sternocleidomastoid and masseter EMG pattern activity in patients undergoing occlusal splint therapy.

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of body position on electromyographic (EMG) activity of sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles, in 15 patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction undergoing occlusal splint therapy. EMG activity was recorded by placing surface electrodes on the sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles (contralateral to the habitual sleeping side of each patient). EMG activity at rest and during swallowing of saliva and maximal voluntary clenching was recorded in the following body positions: standing, supine and lateral decubitus. In the sternocleidomastoid muscle significant higher EMG activities at rest and during swallowing were recorded in the lateral decubitus position, whereas during maximal voluntary clenching EMG activity did not change. In the masseter muscle significant higher EMG activity during maximal voluntary clenching in a standing position was observed, whereas EMG activity at rest and during swallowing did not change. The opposite pattern of EMG activity supports the idea that there may exist a differential modulation of the motor neuron pools of the sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles, of peripheral and/or central origin. This suggests that the presence of parafunctional habits and body position could be closely correlated with the clinical symptomatology in these muscles in patients with myogenic craniomandibular dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effect of occlusal splint therapy on different curve parameters of axiographic TMJ tracings.

Computerized axiography was used as an objective instrumental method of evaluating the response of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptomatology to occlusal splint therapy. Diagnosis was performed in a standardized manner by systematically analyzing TMJ path tracings obtained by computerized axiography. Thirty-six patients were axiographed before and after therapy with full-arch occlusal stabilizing appliances, followed by assessing the effect of therapy on various path curve parameters. The data obtained for the patient group treated with splints was compared to that of six patients also axiographed, but left untreated for a period of six weeks before a second TMJ tracing was obtained. The results show that splints have a certain effect on reciprocal TMJ clicking (response rate 67%). Retral stability and path characteristics are also substantially improved (response rates 44% and 40%). Less influence was noted on hypomobile joint paths (response rate 29%), the quality of movements (response rate 28%) and Bennett angle values (response rate 23%). Patients with disk displacements without reduction were not treated with splints, they underwent surgery. Their results will be reported later. By contrast, TMJ tracings in the control group remained essentially unchanged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pressure pain thresholds in patients with craniomandibular disorders before and after treatment with acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy: a controlled clinical study.

Fifty-five patients (46 women and 9 men) with craniomandibular disorders and a history of pain of at least 6 months' duration participated in this trial. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: one group to receive acupuncture; one group to receive occlusal splint therapy; and one group to act as controls. Pressure pain threshold, clinical dysfunction score, and visual analog scale measures were used to evaluate patients before, immediately after, and 6 months after treatment. A moderate, but statistically significant, correlation was found between pressure pain threshold and the number of tender spots in the masticatory muscles (tau = -.43; P < .001), degree of tenderness in the masticatory muscles (tau = -.43; P < .001), clinical dysfunction score (tau = .32; P < .001), and the visual analog scale (tau = -.25; P < .01). The short-term results showed a statistically significant improvement in all evaluations for both treatment groups. No significant differences were found in the control group. The improvements resulted in significant differences between the control and each treatment group immediately after treatment. At the 6-month follow-up, no significant differences in pressure pain threshold or clinical dysfunction score were found in the two treatment groups compared with the short-term results.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the cybernetic aspects of occlusal splint therapy].

This study was focussed on the effects of changes in interocclusal clearance on the activity of oral muscles. Two types of occlusal splints were incorporated in 20 subjects without TMJ-syndrome. Their muscle reactions were recorded electromyographically in the masseter muscle. The results show 5 groups of muscle reaction correlated with the mean postural face height. The changed height of the postural position has a significant influence on the control pattern of the masticatory system.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Occlusal splints (MORA) vs. placebos show no difference in strength in symptomatic subjects: double blind/cross-over study.

Many athletes with or without occlusal problems are now using mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliances (MORA) or simply occlusal splints, supposedly to enhance skeletal muscle strength. Recent research to establish these claims has suffered from design inaccuracies. In theory, the MORA reduces temporomandibular stress during clenched jaw efforts. It is suggested that pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding musculature could limit a maximum effort during an athletic endeavour. Eight subjects with TMJ disorders were tested for strength changes in 4 muscle groups with a custom MORA and placebo splint in a tightly controlled double-blind cross-over protocol using a Cybex II dynamometer. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences in strength change between the two splints. Neither were there any trends that would suggest strength benefits from the MORA.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Electrophysiological evaluation of occlusal splint treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction].

Blink reflex time records were obtained from patients with temporomandibular joint disfunction (TMJD), before and after treatment with occlusal splint, since blink reflex time helps to study the trigeminal-facial functional relationship. Results suggest that the impaired sensory-motor function in the trigeminal-facial complex of TMJD patients, may return to normal latency values following such treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Influence of the height of the occlusion splint in the treatment of dysfunctional articular syndrome].

The authors subjected 30 patients of both sexes aged on average 35.5 years with dysfunctional syndrome of the mandibular joint to clinical and X-ray examination. As monotherapy they used a temporary occlusion splint made from resin with a vertical dimension of 2, 4 and 6 mm and investigated its effect on the regression of complaints. The best therapeutic effect and most rapid regression of complaints was recorded in the group of patients with a 6 mm spleen.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of an occlusal splint on integrated electromyography of masseter muscle in experimental tooth clenching in man.

Six male subjects exercised maximal voluntary tooth clenching until fatigue appeared in the masseter muscle and until pains and exhaustion of this muscle could no longer be endured; that is, the fatigue threshold and the pain tolerance of the muscle were determined in seconds. An occlusal splint was inserted and the clenching exercises were repeated. During these exercises, and also during 10s of clenching, the electrical activity in the masseter muscle was recorded by bipolar surface electrodes and linearly integrated. Use of the splint did not result in significant changes in the subjective sensations of onset of fatigue and endurance of pain. As the periods of clenching increased, after insertion of the splint, the electrical activity decreased consistently, and use of the splint caused a significant decrease in the electrical activity of the pain tolerance test. As induced by the splint, there was no orderly pattern in changes of the fatigue thresholds and pain tolerances in relation to changes in the electrical activities of these parameters. The mode of action of the splint, in reducing the muscle activity, might have been that of stretching the elevator jaw muscles beyond their resting length.

Adult↗