Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Organization and administration of the NIDCD/VA Hearing Aid Clinical Trial.

This article describes the organization and administration of the NIDCD/VA Hearing Aid Clinical Trial. The trial involved a total of 360 patients with bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss from eight VA Medical Centers to study three different hearing aid circuits in a three-period, three-treatment crossover design. Strong central coordination of such a complex multi-center clinical trial is essential to its success. The trial took more than 5 years to design, implement, and complete. This timeline is also described.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of cycloheximide on lysosomal proteinase activity in rat organs].

Administration of cycloheximide (0.1-0.4 mg/kg bw) to rats caused a progressive drop of cathepsin A, B, C and D activity in the liver and kidneys. In the spleen, the activity of all lysosomal proteinases declined 50-70% even with the minimal dose of cycloheximide. On the contrary, the activity of other lysosomal hydroxylases (beta-galactosidase and arylsulfatases A and B) dropped by not more than 10-25% in all the organs under study, regardless of the fact that the dose of cycloheximide was maximal. It is suggested that the reduction of cathepsin activities during protein biosynthesis inhibition is a regulatory mechanism by which the protein resources in the cell are preserved.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Long-term effect of tetradecylthioacetic acid: a study on plasma lipid profile and fatty acid composition and oxidation in different rat organs.

Administration of tetradecylthioacetic acid (a 3-thia fatty acid) increases mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidative capacity and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity, but reduces free fatty acid and triacylglycerol levels in plasma compared to palmitic acid-treated rats and controls. The decrease in plasma triacylglycerol was accompanied by a reduction (56%) in VLDL-triacylglycerol. Prolonged supplementation of tetradecylthioacetic acid caused a significant increase in lipogenic enzyme activities (ATP-citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and diacylglycerol acyltansferase, but did not affect phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. Plasma cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels were reduced. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity was, however, stimulated in 3-thia fatty acid-treated rats compared to controls. In addition. the mRNAs of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and LDL-receptor were increased. Tetradecylthioacetic acid administration affected the fatty acid composition in plasma and liver by increasing the amount of monoenes, especially 18:1(n-9), mostly at the expense of omega-3 fatty acids. Compared to liver a large amount of tetradecylthioacetic acid accumulated in the heart, and this accumulation was accompanied by an increase in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly 22:6(n-3) and a decrease in omega-6 fatty acids, mainly 20:4(n-6). The results show that the hypolipidemic effect of tetradecylthioacetic acid is sustained after prolonged administration and may, at least in part, be due to increased fatty acid oxidation and upregulated LDL-receptor gene expression. The increase in lipogenic enzyme activities as well as increased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity, may be compensatory mechanisms to maintain cellular integrity. Decreased level of 20:4(n-6) combined with increased omega-3/omega-6 ratio in cardiac tissue after tetradecylthioacetic acid treatment may have influence on membrane dynamics and function.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

NADPH-diaphorase activity and Fos expression in brain nuclei following nitroglycerin administration.

Organic nitrates are considered nitric oxide donors in that they have been shown to form nitric oxide in vitro and in vivo. Nitroglycerin is an organic nitrate which possesses peculiar activities mediated, to some extent, by the central nervous system via the noradrenergic system. Previous reports have shown that systemic nitroglycerin is able to induce Fos expression in brain nuclei which are known to contain nitric oxide synthesizing enzyme. Neuronal NADPH-diaphorase has been shown to be a nitric oxide synthase. Thus, in this study we used NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry to evaluate the distribution of Fos-immunoreactive cells within neurons which contain nitric oxide synthase. The data showed co-localization of Fos with NADPH-diaphorase activity in numerous neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. In the brainstem, a few neurons were doubly labeled for Fos and NADPH-diaphorase activity, but NADPH-diaphorase positive fibers and Fos-immunoreactive neurons were consistently co-distributed in the locus coeruleus, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius and spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. These findings demonstrate that nitroglycerin administration activates a selective group of neurons which are a source of nitric oxide or which are in close proximity with neuronal processes containing nitric oxide synthase, and suggest that the nitric oxide synthase synthesizing pathway may be involved at various levels in the central effect of nitroglycerin.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Albumin administration improves organ function in critically ill hypoalbuminemic patients: A prospective, randomized, controlled, pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that administration of albumin to correct hypoalbuminemia might have beneficial effects on organ function in a mixed population of critically ill patients. DESIGN: : Prospective, controlled, randomized study. SETTING: Thirty-one-bed, mixed medicosurgical department of intensive care. PATIENTS: All adult patients with a serum albumin concentration < or =30 g/L were assessed for eligibility. Principal exclusion criteria were expected length of stay <72 hrs, life expectancy <3 months or a do-not-resuscitate order, albumin administration in the preceding 24 hrs, or evidence of fluid overload. INTERVENTIONS: The 100 patients were randomized to receive 300 mL of 20% albumin solution on the first day, then 200 mL/day provided their serum albumin concentration was <31 g/dL (albumin group), or to receive no albumin (control group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was the effect of albumin administration on organ function as assessed by a delta Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score from day 1 to day 7 (or the day of intensive care discharge or death, whichever came first). The two groups of 50 patients were comparable at baseline for age, gender, albumin concentration, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. Albumin concentration did not change over time in the control group but increased consistently in the albumin group (p < .001). Organ function improved more in the albumin than in the control group (p = .026), mainly due to a difference in respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous system components of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Diuretic use was identical in both groups, but mean fluid gain was almost three times higher in the control group (1679 +/- 1156 vs. 658 +/- 1101 mL, p = .04). Median daily calorie intake was higher in the albumin than in the control group (1122 [935-1158] vs. 760 [571-1077] kcal, p = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Albumin administration may improve organ function in hypoalbuminemic critically ill patients. It results in a less positive fluid balance and a better tolerance to enteral feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Physicochemical basis of increased bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug following oral administration as organic solutions.

The physicochemical basis of improvement of the bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug [REV 5901; alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol; 1] after oral administration as organic solutions was investigated. The drug, which exists in solid and metastable liquid forms, had a pKa value of 3.7 and a solubility of approximately 0.002 mg/mL in water (pH approximately 6) at 37 degrees C. It had appreciable aqueous solubility only at pH values less than 2. The dissolution rate of 1 at pH values greater than 3 was practically zero. On dilution of the water-miscible organic solutions (polyethylene glycol 400 and polysorbate 80) of 1 with aqueous media, the drug instantaneously formed saturated solutions and the excess drug separated as emulsified oily globules. The dispersibility of the globules improved in the presence of surfactants. The average globule size of the oily form of 1 was 1.6 micron or less, as compared with a particle size of 5-10 microns for the solids. Thus, a high surface area of 1 was obtained after oral intake of water-miscible organic solutions. Although 1 was practically insoluble under intestinal pH conditions, its solubility was greatly increased in the presence of bile salts, lecithin, and lipid-digestion mixtures. The high surface area of 1 separating from organic solutions would facilitate its dissolution rate in the presence of biological surfactants and lipids and, therefore, would increase its bioavailability.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Iron potentiates bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide formation in animal organs.

Administration of an Fe(2+)-citrate complex to mongrel mice pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella typhosa increased LPS-induced NO formation in vivo in the liver, intestine, lung, heart, kidney and spleen by 10-20-fold. This process was monitored by the intensity of the EPR signal due to mononitrosyl iron complex (MNIC) formation with exogenous diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) recorded in the tissues. The NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine, prevented this complex formation in the liver of mice treated with both LPS and Fe(2+)-citrate complex. Thus, administration of LPS and Fe(2+)-citrate complex to mice induced NO biosynthesis in this tissue via an L-arginine-dependent pathway, presumably by facilitating the entry of Ca2+ ions into NO-producing cells through Fe(2+)-induced cell membrane lesions.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗