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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Vitrification of large quantities of immature bovine oocytes using nylon mesh.

Vitrification of oocytes and embryos has recently been improved using new physical supports such as electron microscope (EM) grids, open-pulled straws, and cryoloops. However, the number of samples per container was restricted in each of these methods. In the present study, to develop a novel simple technique for vitrification of large quantities of oocytes or embryos, we examined vitrification of large quantities of immature bovine oocytes using nylon mesh as a novel container. As many as 65 oocyte-cumulus cell complexes could be placed on nylon mesh for vitrification compared with 15 per EM grid. Recovery rates were higher when using nylon mesh than EM grids, while fertilization and development rates were not different. These results indicated that vitrification using nylon mesh is useful and offers a new way to cryopreserve large numbers of oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Commercial mesh versus Nylon mosquito net for hernia repair. A randomized double-blind study in Burkina Faso.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate whether locally available Nylon mosquito net might be a useful alternative to expensive commercial mesh implants for hernia repair, a clinical randomized double-blind study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 3 months 35 patients with a total of 40 inguinal hernias were randomized for hernia repair with either a commercial graft (Ultrapro) or a piece of sterilized 100% Nylon mesh available as mosquito net in most African village markets. The surgeons' comfort in handling the meshes, the incidence of complications, and the patients' quality of life before and 30 days after hernia repair were evaluated. In addition, the costs of the two materials were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the clinical short-term outcome of the hernia treatment or the surgeons' comfort in handling the two different materials. The price of the locally bought Nylon mesh was 0.0043 US dollars as compared to 108 US dollars for the commercial mesh. CONCLUSIONS: In situations where superior results of hernia repair depend on the use of a mesh prosthesis but where commercial material is not available or affordable, the use of Nylon mosquito net may be an alternative. Further studies with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up are justified and recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Detection by 125I-cationized cytochrome c of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans immobilized on unmodified and on positively charged nylon 66.

We have examined the detection by a 125I-labeled basic protein, cationized cytochrome c, of selected proteoglycans (PGs) and standard preparations of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) immobilized on Nylon 66 and also on positively charged Nylon 66. Immobilization on Nylon 66 appears to allow a relative freedom of interaction between PGs or GAGs and 125I-cationized cytochrome c, but a more restricted reaction was observed when PGs and GAGs were immobilized to positively charged Nylon 66. On this support PGs with large numbers of GAG side chains reacted well with 125I-cationized cytochrome c, but GAGs were minimally reactive. By taking advantage of some of the properties of large-pore agarose-acrylamide gels, rapid partial characterization of some PGs can be accomplished in the 10-ng range, and therefore at a sensitivity equal to PGs with internal biosynthetic labels.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The "nylon T" intrauterine device: surface area versus copper adjunct.

A study to evaluate the relative effect of copper ions and increased surface area added through the wiring of the stem of the inert "T" device was performed. The experimental design was set up to test a hypothesis that the effectiveness of a copper device is a result of the increase in surface area of the IUD and not a result of the copper itself. Ninety-eight TCu 200 mm2 devices were stripped of their copper wire and rewound with a "nylon" thread of the same length, caliber and surface area. the devices were then repacked and gas sterilized. The 98 "nylon T" devices were fitted early in 1977 and followed up for 2 years. The major finding was that the replacement of copper wire on the "copper T" device by a "nylon" thread, "nylon T", had shown a comparable antifertility effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A proposal for purification of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes by combination of nylon mesh filtration and density-gradient method: a validation by superoxide- and cyclic AMP-generating responses.

Isolation and purification of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes (SPMNs) from accompanying epithelial cells was presented by using a density-gradient method with Ficoll. SPMNs samples prepared by already established methods (nylon mesh filtration) was compared with SPMNs samples after further purification by Ficoll (d = 1.083). Microscopically, SPMNs samples after nylon mesh filtration contain higher percentage of epithelial cells than SPMNs samples after Ficoll centrifugation. In response to stimulation of superoxide generation, both samples showed the same pattern of response. However, in response to forskolin and prostaglandin E1, cyclic AMP levels in samples after nylon mesh purification were significantly higher than in samples after Ficoll purification because of the presence of contaminating epithelial cells. We can conclude that, although nylon mesh filtration is satisfactory when we need to examine superoxide generation but further purification is necessary when we want to measure factors like intracellular cyclic AMP formation.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1992

Running nylon suture dissolution after penetrating keratoplasty.

We attempted to evaluate whether the low degrees of astigmatism achieved early in the postkeratoplasty period with the combined interrupted/running suturing technique were maintained for long periods of time. For 13 to 70 months (mean, 30.2 months), we monitored a group of patients (25 eyes) who had previously undergone the combined interrupted/running suturing technique (12 interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures and one running 11-0 nylon suture). Nine running sutures broke spontaneously, causing a significant increase of the keratometric astigmatism of the entire population from 1.7 +/- 1.6 to 3.4 +/- 2.6 diopters (mean +/- standard deviation). The mean vector-corrected change in astigmatism after suture breakage was 4.9 +/- 2.6 diopters. Surgical procedures to reduce astigmatism were required in many of the eyes in which the 11-0 running nylon suture broke. Our results suggested that 11-0 nylon is not an ideal material for the running suture because its high rate of spontaneous disruption leads to undesired, statistically significant increases in postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Further, our results indicated that the selective suture technique can maintain low degrees of astigmatism only if the sutures remain intact. Studies of the effect of keratoplasty suturing techniques on astigmatism should probably include a follow-up that is sufficiently long to indicate its long-term value to the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Drug transport across nylon 610 films: influence of synthesis variables.

Nylon 610 is a hydrophilic polymer with considerable potential as a membrane for drug microencapsulation. To better understand drug transport through such membrane, the influence of the solvents and monomers used in the synthesis of nylon films were examined using a full factorial study. Nylon 610 films were synthesized by an interfacial polycondensation reaction using hexamethylenediamine (HD) in the water phase and sebacoyl chloride (SC) in the organic phase, which was a solvent blend of chloroform and trichlorotrifluoroethane at ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 4:1. Monomer concentrations studied were 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 M with respect to their appropriate phase, while the monomer ratios were 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3. The molecular weight, porosity, thickness, and crystallinity of the films were characterized. The transport of potassium chloride, hydrocortisone, and m-cresol was studied at 25 degrees C as a function of the synthesis variables. Potassium chloride was selected to measure the porosity of the membrane. Hydrocortisone and m-cresol, a known solvent for nylon 610, were used to study pore and solution-diffusion transport, respectively. The molecular weight of the films was proportional to the chloroform concentration. As the molecular weight increased, film thickness, porosity, and hydrocortisone permeability increased. As the molecular weight decreased, film thickness and porosity decreased, while m-cresol permeability increased. These results can be explained on the basis of HD ability to readily partition into a good solvent such as chloroform permitting high molecular weight polymer to form before precipitation.

Cresols↗
PubMed1990

[Astigmatism following cataract surgery: comparison following wound closure with nylon suture and Mersilene].

Mersilene (polyester fiber) is stronger and less elastic than nylon suture material. In contrast to nylon, Mersilene does not appear to be susceptible to biodegradation in the long term. After a follow-up period of 6 months, the regression of surgically induced astigmatism following extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation with a conventional 150 degree corneoscleral incision was in the same range with nylon monofilament 10-0 and Mersilene 10-0. With nylon single sutures (14 patients) there was a reduction from 3.5 and with Mersilene (12 patients) from 3.9 to 0.9 diopters.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1999

Acute inflammatory reaction in rats after intratracheal instillation of material collected from a nylon flocking plant.

Several cases of interstitial lung disease have been diagnosed among workers at a nylon flock plant, but the etiologic agent for the disease outbreak was unknown. The results of a medical survey and industrial hygiene study indicated that the dust present in the plant may be responsible. Thus, airborne dust collected at the plant was examined for its inflammatory potential in rat lungs. The endpoints measured were: (1) breathing rates, (2) differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, (3) alveolar macrophage (AM) chemiluminescence, (4) albumin concentration and matrix metalloprotease activities in the acellular fluid from the initial bronchoalveolar lavage, and (5) pulmonary histopathology. In the first study, rats received a single dose of the airborne dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) by intratracheal (IT) instillation. At 1 d post-IT, all inflammatory endpoints were significantly increased versus controls, but by 29 d post-IT they did not differ significantly from controls. Histopathology demonstrated mild to moderate, multifocal, suppurative pneumonia, usually centered around bronchioles, at 1 d post-IT. At 29 d post-IT, pulmonary inflammation was minimal to mild and characterized by alveolar histocytosis usually restricted to the immediate area of retained bire-fringent fibers. In subsequent experiments, airborne dust was extracted with water and the dust (washed airborne dust) and water extract (soluble fraction) were separated by centrifugation for further study. Nylon tow dust was prepared in the laboratory by milling uncut nylon strands (called tow) that had not been treated with the finish or dyes that are commonly used in the flock plants. Rats were administered a single dose of a dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) or the soluble fraction (1.3 ml/kg body weight) by IT administration and the same endpoints were measured at 1 d post-IT. The dust samples caused significant increases in all of the inflammatory endpoints; however, the soluble fraction was much less active. Histological analysis of the lungs 1 d post-IT confirmed lung inflammation was occurring and tended to center around bronchioles. The results suggest that: (1) nylon flocking generates particles of respirable size that can interact with AM in the lung and can be detected in the lung 29 d after exposure, (2) the dust samples examined cause an inflammatory response, (3) water-extractable agent(s) from airborne dust contribute only minimally to the inflammatory response, and (4) the acute inflammatory response to these dusts is substantial when compared to other pathologic occupational dusts previously examined in our laboratory.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Nylon threads used as drains in free skin grafting.

Monofilament nylon threads are used as drains in free skin grafting; 2-0 or 3-0 nylon threads are usually applied. Nylon drains are available in any operating room, and have no detrimental effects on the grafted skin. The drainage effect of nylon threads is shown in clinical cases and in a simple experimental model. The effect may not be dramatic, but it reduces the volume of hematomas and brings good results in free skin grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Astigmatism after mersilene and nylon suture use for penetrating keratoplasty.

PURPOSE: To evaluate postoperative astigmatism after the use of Mersilene and nylon sutures for penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: Two groups of 12 patients each (age, 20-50 years) suffering from keratoconus underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Continuous suturing combined with 12 interrupted sutures was used in each case: Mersilene 11-0 sutures were used in group 1, whereas nylon 10-0 sutures were used in group 2. Sutures were removed to control astigmatism when required. All patients were monitored for 36 months. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, sutures were removed in each eye as indicated by astigmatism or breakage. In group 1 (Mersilene 11-0 sutures), no breakage of sutures was recorded. In group 2 (nylon 10-0 sutures), breakage of sutures was recorded in 11 of 12 cases. However, continuous sutures were removed in 2 patients in group 2. After the first year, the astigmatism remained within +/-1.00 diopter in all except 1 patient in group 1 and in 5 patients in group 2. No suture-related complications were recorded except for scarring with photophobia in 1 patient in group 1 and suture breakage in 11 eyes in group 2. CONCLUSION: Mersilene sutures can provide a stable postoperative astigmatism, whereas nylon sutures have a tendency to break and cause changes in corneal astigmatism.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Nylon biodegradation by lignin-degrading fungi.

The biodegradation of nylon by lignin-degrading fungi was investigated. The fungus IZU-154 significantly degraded nylon-66 membrane under ligninolytic conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that four end groups, CHO, NHCHO, CH3, and CONH2, were formed in the biodegraded nylon-66 membranes, suggesting that nylon-66 was degraded oxidatively.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1995

A novel method to chemically immobilize antibody on nylon and its application to the rapid and differential detection of two Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxins in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A new method of chemically immobilizing antibody on nylon was developed. The method consists of serial treatments with HCl, polyethylene imine, and maleic anhydride methylvinyl ether copolymer, which resulted in the stable immobilization of sufficient amounts of antibodies on nylon. This principle was used to differentially detect two immunologically related but nonidentical hemolysins (thermostable direct hemolysin [TDH] and TDH-related hemolysin [TRH]) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with antibodies immobilized on nylon slips (NSIT). The results (dark purple color on nylon slips) were easily evaluated by the naked eye. The results with NSIT were compatible with those obtained by using DNA probes or a conventional bacterial culture test, not only with cultured specimens but also with clinical specimens (diarrheal stool samples). Furthermore, the NSIT differentially detected TDH and TRH in a single test. The antibody immobilization method developed here is applicable to various immunological detection methods and may improve their sensitivity and specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Degradation of circulating DNA by extracorporeal circulation over nuclease immobilized on nylon microcapsules.

Studies were undertaken to determine whether deoxyribonuclease I, (DNase I) once immobilized on activated nylon microspheres, would be capable of degrading circulating DNA in vitro and in vivo in an extracorporeal circulation system in dogs. Nylon microspheres were prepared and after gentle hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde treatment, demonstrated a retention of up to 4.73 mg of Dnase I. In vitro studies showed that DNase I immobilized on microspheres degreded a significant percentage of 125I-native DNA (nDNA) within 15 min. Mongrel dogs were injected with 125I-nDNA and a variation in initial t 1/2 in individual animals was observed. Therefore, for experimental studies, 125I-nDNA was injected and decay was recorded during a control period in which untreated microcapsules were utilized in the extracorporeal system. DNase I microspheres were then introduced into the extracorporeal circuit which resulted in an acceleration of degradation of acid precipitable 125I-nDNA. When 200 mug of unlabeled DNA with 125I-nDNA was injected, a similar augmentation of DNA degradation was noted after extracorporeal circulation over DNase I microcapsules. This effect could not be attributed to release of DNase I from the microspheres since no 131I-DNase was detected in the serum or organs of the dogs at the conclusion of the experiments. 125I-nDNA:anti-DNA complexes were passively injected into dogs and after a similar control period of circulation over untreated microcapsules. DNase I microspheres were introduced. Results showed a rapid acceleration in the degradation rate of 125I-nDNA:anti-DNA complexes precipitable with (NH4)2SO4. Extracorporeal circulation over nylon microspheres resulted in no significant alteration of the host's hematocrit or platelet count, and little residual cellular debris on the microcapsules. These data suggest that DNAase immobilized on nylon microspheres may have a potential role in the specific therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus, when it is desirable to hydrolyze DNA circulating free or in combination with antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparative adherence of granulocytes to endothelial monolayers and nylon fiber.

Adherence of granulocytes to tissue culture monolayers of endothelium averaged 26.2 +/- 1.3% SEM, which was similar to their adherence on 50-mg nylon fiber columns (27.7 +/- 3.6%). In contrast, adherence to epithelial cells, fibroblasts, kidney cells, and plastic Petri dishes without monolayers was only 12.4, 9.9, 11.1, and 4.3%, respectively. Cyclic nucleotides and adherence-modifying plasma factors induced changes of adherence to endothelium similar to those in nylon fiber columns. Adherence of granulocytes in whole blood was the same as for purified granulocytes in Hank's balanced salt solution. Exposure of endothelial monolayers to 0.18% trypsin for 10 min reduced subsequent granulocyte adherence to 25.2% of control values. Incubation of trypsin-treated monolayers with nutrient medium for 4 h did not improve adherence, but values returned to normal or above by 24 h, with or without serum proteins present in the nutrient medium. The similarity of granulocyte adherence to nylon fiber and to endothelial monolayers in vitro suggests that results with the nylon fiber assay reflect in vivo granulocyte-endothelium interaction. Furthermore, the endothelial monolayer offers a new model for studying this cell-cell relationship in vitro.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical and histopathological study of tissue reactivity to monofilament suture materials: nylon and poliglecaprone 25 in rats].

PURPOSE: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate through a clinical and histopathological analysis the tissue reactivity caused by two monofilament sutures nylon and poliglecaprone 25 on the internal and external sutures in rats. METHODS: For this study, we used forty male Rattus novergicus (Wistar rats). The experimental procedures were incisions and divulsions performed on the back of the animals' thighs. Internal and external sutures were done on the right thigh using nylon 0-5, and on the left thigh using poliglecaprone 25 0-5. The animals were distributed in 4 groups of 10 rats, according postoperatory period on the 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, G1 (7th day), G2 (14th day), G3 (21th day) and G4 (28th day). The clinical assessment aimed to verify the existence of dehiscence, exsudate and edema. The histopathologic analysis was intended to evaluate the inflammatory reaction, foreign body giant cells, fibroblastic proliferation and fibrosis. RESULTS: Clinically, no changes were found on groups studied. Histopathological analysis inflammatory reaction, foreign body giant cells, fibroblastic proliferation and fibrosis were higher on the internal sutures with nylon. On the sutures done with poliglecaprone 25 showed an increase in tissue reactivity passing postoperatory period. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the methodology used in the study, it was concluded that external sutures done with nylon produce less tissue reactivity; on internal sutures, however, this material contributes to the maintenance of the tissue reaction. The external sutures done with poliglecaprone 25 showed a greater tissue reaction; on the external sutures the tissue reaction decreased while the thread was being absorbed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A case of intrahepatic gallstone formation around nylon suture for hepatectomy.

A 69-year-old female underwent left lobectomy for hepatolithiasis in February 1994. She was admitted to the Kurume University Hospital in December 1997 because computed tomography (CT) showed calcification in the porta hepatis. Ultrasonography (US) revealed a hyperechoic area with an acoustic shadow in the right hepatic duct. Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and a mural lucent area in the right hepatic duct were noted on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Although the above findings suggested a diagnosis of recurrent hepatolithiasis, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for biopsy was performed in order to rule out cancer. Biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. Under a cholangioscope, a tip of a nylon suture was found to be protruding into the bile duct. Although a gallstone had already slipped off, the surface of the nylon suture was covered with biliary sludge. The protruding tip of the nylon suture was considered to be the nucleus of the stone. The tip was removed under cholangioscopy. Postoperative CT confirmed the absence of calcification in the porta hepatis. There has been no recurrence of hepatolithiasis after surgery. Although the formation of gallstones around the core of nylon sutures is very rare, absorbable sutures should be used during surgery of the bile duct because nonabsorbable sutures can become the nucleus of gallstones.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Nylon ear tags for individual identification of guinea pigs.

Although customarily used for individual identification of guinea pigs, metal ear tags are suboptimal because frequent detachment often results in wounds with inflammation and secondary bacterial infections. Using 60 6-week-old individually housed male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), we conducted an 8-week study to determine the stability of a new nylon tag attached to the center of the pinna. The subsequent tissue reaction was compared with those due to metal tags attached either at the center or near the edge of the pinna. Physical changes in the tagged ear and tag loss were noted during the study period, at the end of which 10 animals per group were selected randomly for euthanasia and necropsy. The tagged ears were collected for histopathologic examination. Loss of the nylon ear tags (10%) over the 8-week study period was significantly less compared with that of metal tags at the center (45%, P < 0.05) or near the edge (100%, P < 0.01) of the pinna. Histopathologically, complete regeneration of epidermis was observed in pinnae tagged with nylon, whereas pinnae with metal tags showed occasional formation of new cartilaginous nodules with no evidence of epithelial regeneration or healing. The nylon ear tag is considered highly reliable and is recommended as a better alternative to the traditional metal ear tag for the identification of individually housed guinea pigs.

Animal Identification Systems↗