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Nursing informatics knowledge and competencies: a national survey of nursing education programs in the United States.

An online survey of deans/directors of 266 baccalaureate and higher nursing programs in the U.S. was developed by informatics expert nurses. Participants (1) identified nursing informatics (NI) competencies and knowledge of undergraduate and/or graduate students in their nursing programs; (2) determined faculty preparedness to teach NI and to use informatics tools; and (3) provided perceptions of NI requirements of local practicing nurses. Frequency data and qualitative responses were analyzed. Approximately half of undergraduate nursing programs were teaching information literacy skills and required students to enter with word-processing and email skills. Least visible informatics content at all levels included the use of information system data standards, the Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Center criteria, the unified medical language system (UMLS), and the nurse's role in the life cycle of an information system. Almost 50% of respondents perceived faculty as "novice" and "advanced beginners" in teaching and using NI applications. Participants reported no future plans to offer NI training in their region. Findings have major implications for nurse faculty, staff developers, and program administrators who are planning continuing education opportunities and designing nursing curricula that prepare nurses for use of the electronic health record and 21st century professional practice.

Clinical Competence↗

Informatics nurse specialist: roles in health care organizations.

The cost of managing and processing health care information is a significant component of hospital operating budgets, yet health care lags far behind other industries in the effective use of information technology. As nurses are the largest group of users of health care information, improving nurses' information management capability could have a significant impact. Informatics nurse specialists understand the concepts and technology of nursing information management and can provide operational and strategic benefits to nursing organizations. In this article, educational preparation, certification, and roles of informatics nurse specialists are discussed along with functions of health care information technology and nursing informatics.

Certification↗

Integrating a nursing professional practice model and nursing informatics in a collective bargaining environment.

The integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model is congruent with the goals of a professional nursing union. Thus, the collective-bargaining unit can be a powerful ally to nursing management in achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics. This alliance is based on a shared vision of the nature of professional nursing practice and a common concern for the quality of working life and working environment of the professional nurse. This alliance can provide the basis for decision making about the type of nursing information system to be selected or developed for installation in a particular organization. Use of a participatory decision-making process will ensure that all nursing stakeholders are committed to the decision made and prepared to assist with the resolution of implementation issues as they arise. A harmonious alliance of nursing management and the nursing union ensures a partnership that will protect the clinical nursing caregiver and provide a unified voice for nursing within the organization to resist any attempt by other stakeholders to implement an information system that will not meet the needs of nursing. If nursing management and the collective bargaining unit share the concept of a professional model of nursing practice and view nursing informatics as a tool to assist the nursing staff to operationalize the professional model of nursing, then collaboration in resolving issues related to the implementation of nursing information systems will facilitate the process of achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model.

Collective Bargaining↗

Nursing informatics: yesterday, today and tomorrow.

Today, at the beginning of the 21st century, nursing informatics has become a part of our professional activities. Informatics has advanced the field of nursing by bridging the gap from nursing as an art to nursing as a science. This article discusses the major milestones that have influenced the growth of computer technology and the specific efforts that have influenced yesterday's creation of the nursing informatics movement. It also provides an overview of nursing informatics in today's health care industry, while highlighting the administrative, management, research and educational applications and initiatives. In addition, it provides an overview of Saba's Home Health Care Classification, a nursing language system that has influenced the field. Finally, it provides a prediction of how computer technology will impact the nursing profession in the 21st century.

Computer Literacy↗

Supporting collaboration through a nursing informatics curriculum stage II.

Collaboration is at the center of the process used to design, implement and evaluate an integrated informatics curriculum in a baccalaureate nursing program. This paper describes the second stage of a process to design the informatics nursing courses. The challenges to foster faculty collaborative relationships as well as to enhance the course content of all nursing informatics curriculum. A number of strategies were used to develop the collaborative efforts between the faculty and nursing staff in the clinical agencies. Information technology was incorporated into the didactic and clinical portions of courses through the use of creative teaching strategies. Therefore, the faculty have ensured a blend of information, technology, and the clinical care process throughout the curriculum.

Curriculum↗

Research trends of nursing informatics in Korea.

In order to examine the research trends of Korean nursing informatics over the past 10 years starting from 1995 when the Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics started being published, to 2004, nursing informatics related studies were searched for on information search websites such as the National Digital Library, Korean Nurses Association, Korean Society of Medical Informatics, KoreaMed, and MedRIC. As a result of it, specified research trends were identified about Korean nursing informatics.

Humans↗

Setting a national research agenda in nursing informatics.

An active program of research assures the development and evaluation of nursing informatics solutions to the challenges of contemporary patient care. Experts in nursing informatics research participated in a two-part electronic mail survey of research priorities. Priorities identified included formalization of nursing vocabularies, design and management of databases for nursing information, development of technologies to support nursing practice, use of telecommunications technology in nursing, patient use of information technology, identification of nurses' information needs, and systems modeling and evaluation. Many of these priorities are similar to those advanced in the 1993 US PHS NINR PEP Report on Nursing Informatics. Additionally, the findings suggest the need for greater emphasis on the application of emerging technology to nursing practice problems, and the expansion to consider patients as direct users of information systems.

Data Collection↗

The study of nursing informatics.

A framework for organizing the study of nursing informatics is presented. The management and processing of nursing data, information science and nursing science is proposed as an area for study. The premises for such study and the key concepts and relationships are discussed. Nursing informatics would support the practice of nursing and delivery of nursing care.

Education, Nursing↗

Information science for the future: an innovative nursing informatics curriculum.

Health care is increasingly driven by information, and consequently, patient care will demand effective management of information. The report of the Priority Expert Panel E: Nursing Informatics and Enhancing Clinical Care Through Nursing Informatics challenges faculty to produce baccalaureate graduates who use information technologies to improve the patient care process and change health care. The challenge is to construct an evolving nursing informatics curriculum to provide nursing professionals with the foundation for affecting health care delivery. This article discusses the design, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative nursing informatics curriculum incorporated into a baccalaureate nursing program. The basic components of the curriculum framework are information, technology, and clinical care process. The presented integrated curriculum is effective in familiarizing students with informatics and encouraging them to think critically about using informatics in practice. The two groups of students who completed the four-course sequence will be discussed.

Computer Systems↗

Competencies and credentialing: nursing informatics.

This paper provides an overview and description of the processes that address the competencies and credentialing of nurses in the field of nursing informatics (NI). It provides the highlights of the informatics competencies that were proposed as the NI field advanced. It also provides an overview of the ANCC nursing informatics credentialing process. It will also present the credentialing process of the HIMSS organization which offers several different certifications. And finally it will address the new process for the international certification entitled Nursing Informatics Competency Recognition Certificate. The Nursing Informatics Special Interest Group of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA/NI-SIG) approved this certificate at the general assembly meeting during NI'2003 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The certification is based on a professional portfolio that demonstrates expertise in this field for nurses outside the USA and Canada.

Credentialing↗

A national education strategy to develop nursing informatics competencies.

Advances in the sophistication of information and communication technologies offer nursing practitioners opportunities for better information management, more complete documentation of their work, and knowledge development to support evidence-based nursing practice. However, a nursing culture that recognizes and adopts the contributions of technology to practice is required to take advantage of these opportunities. The nature of this change suggests a shift in emphasis from specialists in Nursing Informatics (NI) to NI being integrated into all four domains of nursing practice. The magnitude of change required on individual, organizational and professional levels points to the need for Nursing Informatics education strategies on a national level. Recognizing the role and history of NI specialists, defining NI and the required NI competencies are necessary first steps in developing such a plan. Expanding and adapting the educational infrastructure required to support this initiative follows. A working committee at the national level with representatives from a number of stakeholder groups is currently working on a National Nursing Informatics Project to address these issues. This article summarizes key points of an initial discussion paper.

Canada↗

A first-level graduate studies experience in nursing informatics.

The authors describe a nursing informatics experience for first-level graduate students in nursing. Three content areas were included in the course: 1) achieving mastery of basic computer competencies; 2) evaluating emerging patterns and trends in electronic information processing; and 3) establishing electronic connection.

Attitude to Computers↗

Nursing informatics: state of the science.

The phenomena of interest in nursing informatics are nursing data, nursing information and nursing knowledge. The current state of knowledge related to these phenomena suggests four implications for the development of systems to support nursing. First, research has provided evidence that knowledge and experience is related to the quality of nursing assessment, diagnosis or clinical inference, and planning of nursing care, and also that knowledge is task-specific. Information technology can provide access to a variety of information resources, such as knowledge bases and decision support systems, to increase the level of knowledge of the nurse decision-maker. Second, structured patient assessment forms with linkages to knowledge bases of diagnoses have the potential to improve the quality of the patient assessment and the accuracy of the diagnosis or clinical inference. Third, studies on planning care have demonstrated the complexity of the task when a number of options are potentially appropriate. Model-based decision support applications such as decision analysis and multi-attribute utility theory can assist the clinicians and patients to analyse and compare the treatment alternatives in a systematic manner. Fourth, there is modest support for demonstrating the relationship between the process and outcomes of clinical decision making. Large databases built upon nursing data are needed to further examine this relationship.

Expert Systems↗

The SIP project: A national united approach to nursing informatics education in Denmark.

The SIP-project is a developmental project initiated by the deans of the Danish Nursing Schools on introducing and implementing the use and learning of Nursing Informatics in Danish nursing education. SIP is the acronym of SYGEPLEJE(Nursing) INFORMATIK (Informatics) and Paedagogik (Learning). This paper presents the background, structure, goals, expected and actual outcomes of the project and actual problems within the project. The SIP-project is a developmental project initiated by the deans of the Danish Nursing Schools on introducing and implementing the use and learning of Nursing Informatics in Danish nursing education. SIP is the acronym of SYGEPLEJE(Nursing) INFORMATIK (Informatics) and Paedagogik (Learning). This paper presents the background, structure, goals, expected and actual outcomes of the project and actual problems within the project.

Communication↗

Nursing informatics: the trend of the future.

Nursing informatics is a combination of computer, information, and nursing sciences. This new and expanding field addresses the efficient and effective use of information for nurses. Preparing nurses for computerization is essential to confront an explosion of sophisticated computerized technology in the workplace. It is critical in a competitive health care market for preparing nurses to use the most cost-effective methods. A model is presented that identifies six essential factors for preparing nurses for computerization. Strong leadership, effective communication, organized training sessions, established time frames, planned change, and tailored software are the essential factors to consider for development of a successful educational program.

Computer User Training↗