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PubMed1991

The activity of locally applied cytotoxics to breast cancer cells in vitro.

The ability of commonly used operative lavage solutions to destroy breast cancer cells was investigated. The cytotoxicity of solutions of Savlon, noxythiolin, povidone iodine, hydrogen peroxide, bleomycin and water on two human breast cancer cell lines was measured in vitro. Viable cells were determined by ability to exclude trypan blue. Results have been analysed with standard non-parametric tests and demonstrate that all solutions tested significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the number of viable cells recovered when compared with a control solution of phosphate buffered saline. Solutions of Savlon, 2.5% noxythiolin and povidone iodine were more effective than the other agents in reducing the number of recovered viable cells.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1984

The efficacy of agents employed to prevent anastomotic recurrence in colorectal carcinoma.

Forty-eight of 72 surgeons canvassed in the South West of England (67%) routinely use an intraluminal cytotoxic agent to prevent suture-line recurrence following partial resection of the large bowel for cancer. The most popular agents are chlorhexidine-cetrimide preparations (n = 14), mercuric perchloride (12), povidone-iodine (7) and water (12); noxythiolin, sodium hypochlorite and silver nitrate are used occasionally. The mean duration of treatment is 2 minutes. When assayed for cytotoxity against tumour cells freshly prepared from human colorectal carcinomas (n = 10), both chlorhexidine-cetrimide and povidone-iodine were rapidly lethal at a wide range of concentrations (5-100%). Mercuric perchloride (0.2%) was similarly effective, but up to 20% of tumour cells remained viable after exposure to noxythiolin and nearly 30% with water alone. Chlorhexidine-cetrimide and povidone-iodine are the agents of choice to kill malignant cells exfoliated into the colorectal lumen.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1984

[Effect of various antiseptics on Chlamydia trachomatis].

We compared the activity of different antiseptics (chlorhexidine, picloxidine dichlorhydrate, povidone-iodine, and noxythiolin) on Chlamydia trachomatis using two techniques. In the first, an antigenic preparation obtained from a Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cell culture was used. Different times of contact and different concentrations were studied. The antigen-antiseptic mixture was inoculated on healthy cell cultures and infected cells were counted 48 hours later. In the second technique, previously infected cells were incubated with antiseptics at different concentrations for 48 hours. Results are given as a percentage of infected cells. Chlorhexidine and picloxidine dichlorhydrate have a rapid action on Chlamydia trachomatis. Noxythiolin requires a longer period (2 hours) to be active. Povidone-iodine exhibits no activity on Chlamydia trachomatis.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1980

[Value of Noxyflex for peritoneal toilet in acute generalized peritonitis. A controlled study of 48 cases (author's transl)].

The efficacy of Noxythiolin in solution for peritoneal toilet during operation on 48 patients with acute generalized peritonitis was evaluated. The trial was prospective, with random selection of patients who were divided into two groups with identical backgrounds, initial affections, and therapies applied. No significant differences were noted in prognosis, bacteriological findings or subsequent course in the survivors in the two groups. The only favorable effect noted in the group treated with Noxythiolin was the frequency with which further operations had to be performed, but the difference was nos significant. Though the use of peritoneal antiseptics isjustified when positive bacteriological test are reported, the determining element in peritoneal toilet appears to be the volume of liquid employed, independently of its composition.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1983

Antiseptics in the treatment of bacterial peritonitis in rats.

A controlled mixed peritoneal infection was produced by inoculation of bacteria into the peritoneum and peritonitis was allowed to become established. A laparotomy was performed and peritoneal toilet with a variety of agents was carried out. Local povidone-iodine in the inflamed peritoneum proved to be not only of no benefit but, in fact, to be toxic. In the standard concentrations recommended it proved lethal. Noxythiolin 2.5 per cent also had no beneficial effect. There was a significant difference between the effect of povidone-iodine when instilled into an inflamed peritoneum and instillation into the intact peritoneal cavity. We would advise caution in the use of these antiseptics in any situation in which local defence mechanisms have been compromised as a result of established infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Towards a rational approach to the treatment of peritonitis: an experimental study in rats.

Peritoneal infection progresses through defined stages: contamination, inflammation and abscess formation. An experimental model of established peritonitis without adjuvant in the rat was used to test the effect of various local and systemic agents on survival. There was significant improvement in all treatment groups except those treated with antiseptic lavage using PVP-I and noxythiolin. Intramuscular ampicillin improved survival from 40 to 60 per cent while intramuscular amikacin combined with local irrigation with metronidazole reduced mortality to nil (P less than 0.001). Both cephradine and metronidazole used as peritoneal lavage solutions improved survival (P less than 0.005) when compared with the controls but the difference was not significant when compared with irrigation with Hartmann's solution. Metronidazole given rectally also improved survival from 40 to 60 per cent but this difference was not significant. We conclude that survival in established peritonitis depends upon adequate antibiotic therapy.

Amikacin↗

PubMed1984

A simple method for the evaluation of antiseptic and disinfectant virucidal activity.

A simple method for evaluating the virucidal activity of water-soluble antiseptic and disinfectant products using poliovirus type 1 (Sabin strain) is described. Using a commercial concentrator, kinetic studies of four products were carried out. It was shown that 2% glutaraldehyde and 5% povidone iodine are rapidly virucidal. 0.2% glutaraldehyde and 2.5% noxythiolin (37 degrees C) are considerably less effective. 0.05% chlorhexidine digluconate has no virucidal activity.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1987

Assessment of antiseptic bladder washout procedures using a physical model of the catheterised bladder.

A simple physical model of the catheterised bladder has been used to assess the activities of antiseptic agents that have been recommended as bladder instillations in the treatment of urinary tract infections in patients with indwelling catheters. The activities of povidone-iodine, phenoxyethanol, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine supplemented with EDTA + Tris, noxythiolin and neomycin were examined against selected species of uropathogens. Except for phenoxyethanol against Pv. stuartii and possibly Ps. aeruginosa, single applications of these antibacterials for 30 min were not effective in sterilising urine in the artificial bladder. However, a second application 1 h later of phenoxyethanol but not chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine did eradicate Ps. aeruginosa. It is suggested that bacteria growing as a film on the bladder wall are particularly resistant to antimicrobials.

Administration, Intravesical↗

PubMed1984

[In vitro virucidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. II. Simple dilution technic].

The simple dilution technique is based on termination of the tested agent's antiviral activity by sudden cold dilution (D). It can be used only if D less than or equal to 10(3) but is the most simple method. We used this technique to study ATS and demonstrate the strong virucidal activity of glutaraldehyde, inefficiency of chlorhexidine digluconate and questionable activity of povidone-iodine and noxythiolin.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1984

[In vitro virucidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. III. Dilution-ultrafiltration-reconcentration technic].

The method for in vitro investigation of virucidal activity of antiseptics (ATS) of disinfectants (DSF) using dilution-ultrafiltration-reconcentration includes two phases following contact of the virus with ATS or DSF: termination of antiviral activity by sudden cold dilution, and one or more filtrations on an immersible molecule separator designed to bring the tested agent's concentration below the cytotoxic level and to reconcentrate the treated viral suspension. Advantages of this technique are the following: precision of time of contact between virus and ATS or DSF, reconcentration of the viral suspension which partly offsets the termination dilution, relative simplicity, and study of true virucidal activity. Drawbacks are: inappropriateness for some agents such as povidone-iodine, and, in some instances, unreliability of immersible separators. Apart for those obtained with povidone-iodine, results are comparable to those yielded by simple dilution or gel filtration, particularly for glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine and noxythiolin.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1977

[Generalised fecal peritonitis. Etiopathogenic and therapeutic considerations in 30 cases (author's transl)].

The authors analyse a series of 30 cases of generalised fecal peritonitis which represents a less frequent form of peritoneal infection. The etiology was mainly diverticular perforation (50 p. cent) or neoplasia (25 p. cent). The mortality was high (63 p. cent). It seems, in the light of the results, that the best treatment consists of operating in two stages, the first being the eradication of the colonic lesion which should be carried out as a routine without attempting immediate anastomosis. Wide drainage with peritoneal lavage and the use of "noxythioline" may improve the results of a disease which always remains very severe.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

The effect of noxytiolin in experimental peritonitis.

The evidence for the value of noxytiolin (Noxyflex) in peritonitis is contradictory. In a controlled trial of the effect of noxytiolin in pertonitis in rabbits we have found a significant increase in mortality in the trial group compared with a control group, but no significant difference when a dose equivalent to the recommended human dose is used. The postoperative course is adversely affected in the animals receiving noxytiolin.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

A controlled trial of intraperitoneal noxytiolin in perforated appendicitis.

A controlled trial of intraperitoneal noxytiolin (Noxiflex) solution in patients with peritonitis due to perforated appendicitis is reported. No significant difference was found in the incidence of complications between the treated and a control group, raising doubts as to whether this substance is of value when used intraperitoneally in peritonitis.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1976

Noxytiolin and peritoneal adhesion formation.

Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that intraperitoneal noxytiolin prevents adhesion formation. A reliable experimental animal model was therefore established and the effect of noxytiolin on adhesion formation was evaluated in a controlled trial using 80 rats. All 40 rats given Ringer solution developed adhesions, whereas in 7 out of 40 given noxytiolin no adhesions were found (P less than 0-02). Noxytiolin reduced both the total and the mean number of adhesions formed (P less than 0-2) and their mean length of attachment (P less than 0-05). The anti-adhesive effect of noxytiolin may be due to its anticoagulant, cytotoxic or antibacterial properties.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Peritoneal lavage in appendicular peritonitis.

Peritoneal lavage resulted in a significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay in a retrospective series of 189 children with peritonitis secondary to perforation of the appendix. Antibiotic peritoneal lavage also resulted in a significant reduction in the number of children with septic and adhesive complications compared with antiseptic lavage and no lavage, mainly as a result of fewer wound infections. The overall incidence of residual intraperitoneal infection was low, and although differences in this respect were not significant, none of the children treated with antibiotic peritoneal lavage required reoperation for intraperitoneal sepsis.

Appendicitis↗

PubMed1984

Intraperitoneal antiseptics in experimental bacterial peritonitis.

A model of bacterial peritonitis, using mice infected with Escherichia coli, has been used to assess the protective effects of intraperitoneal treatment with antiseptics. Of the five antiseptics tested, only chlorhexidine gluconate had any protective effect, concentrations of 0.05 and 0.02 per cent reducing the mortality to 14 and 50 per cent respectively. The other antiseptics, taurolin, noxytiolin, povidone iodine and hypochlorite were all ineffective. Delayed treatment with chlorhexidine was not as effective as instillation immediately postinfection.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Liquid chromatographic determination of noxytiolin and 1-methyl-2-thiourea in serum: application to pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits and humans.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described which determines noxytiolin and 1-methyl-2-thiourea concentrations in serum. Valid determination requires immediate ultracentrifugation of blood samples, rapid serum freezing, and injection into the chromatograph within 6 h. A number of pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from serum concentration data in rabbits and humans. An unknown metabolite was detected in both species but its structure was not identified.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

The antibacterial effects of impregnated silastic and its possible applications in surgery.

We have made an in vitro preliminary study of the feasibility of incorporating suitable antibacterial agents with medical grade silicone rubber ("Silastic") with reference to the immediate and sustained effects in simulated conditions of use. The results are encouraging and further work is planned. The possible applications of such impregnated Silastic in clinical conditions involving implants of various kinds is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗