[A clinical study on the empathy and rapport with negativism in patients].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Empathy↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Negativism”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Negativism, equivocation, and wobbly assent: public "support" for the prochoice platform on abortion.
Although disapproval of all justifications for abortion is rare in the United States, our analysis of numerous surveys taken in the 1960s and 1970s shows that support for the full prochoice platform is also rare. This means that respondents who endorse some justifications for abortion and reject others typically constitute about 50 percent of these samples. If forced to choose politically between polar positions, would these people be more likely to side with a positive or a negative extreme? Using Multiple Classification Analysis as a form of discriminant analysis, we examine whether people who appear to form a "middle" group actually are closer in their characteristics to those who are positive, or to those who are negative. Finally, we test to see whether those respondents who endorse all four justifications for abortion (health, child defect, financial stress, and elective abortion) also endorse additional prochoice positions, such as government payments for abortion, abortion without the husband's or the parent's consent, and abortion after the first trimester.
Abortion, Legal↗
Time length of negativization of hCG serum values after either surgical or medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the time length until the human chorionic gonadotropin titer became negative after medical or surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. PARTECIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: We compared time to resolution in 30 cases of tubal pregnancies successfully treated, 15 underwent laparoscopic linear salpingostomy (group 1) and 15 medical treatment with single-ose methotrexate (group 2). The patients of both groups had no meaningful differences of age, gestational age and human chorionic gonadotropin mean values. MEASURES: During the follow-up human chorionic gonadotropin serum values were obtained every two days until the titer was negative. RESULTS: The time to resolution was 33.6 +/- 6.6 days in group 1, 31.5 +/- 7.8 in group 2 with no statistically meaningful differences. CONCLUSION: The data, comparable with results obtained by laparoscopic treatment, suggest that human chorionic gonadotropin value becomes negative independently of type of treatment and residual trophoblast.
Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
Compliance and resistance in autistic children.
The study was designed to explore factors related to negativism in autistic children, where negativism was defined as the consistent avoidance of a correct response in a multiple choice discrimination task. A design employed in an earlier study of autistic children (Cowan, Hodinott, & Wright, 1965) was modified to allow a more detailed examination of patterning of the child's responses. A positive relationship was found between use of spoken language and successful performance of the task. However, no child was negativistic. Of the 27 children tested, 18 had a near perfect performance and 9 scored at chance level. A subsequent exact replication of the Cowan et al. method still failed to produce any negativism. A further study using a more difficult discrimination task produced a higher rate of errors but still no negativism. Possible reasons for the failure to replicate are discussed.
Adolescent↗
[Treatment of the undetermined form of Chagas disease with nifortimox and benzonidazole].
One hundred patients with the indeterminate form of human chronic Chagas disease were submitted to chemotherapy, 50 with nifurtimox (Bayer) and 50 with benznidazole (Roche) from 1965 up to 1985. After two-year follow-up there was negativation of xenodiagnosis in 25 (50%) and negativation of serological tests in 3 (6%) of the patients treated with nifurtimox. As for benznidazole there was 35 (70%) of xenodiagnosis negativation and 5 (10%) of serological negativation. In 92 patients after a period of 24 month follow-up there was at least one kind of positive test, indicating therapeutic failure. Eight patients with negative xenodiagnosis and serological tests were considered cured. The average follow-up in patients treated with nifurtimox and benznidazole were respectively 17.3 and 7 years.
Chagas Disease↗
[Treatment of new and chronic tuberculous patients with ethambutol and Rifampicin (author's transl)].
In patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis the results of chemotherapy between drug regimens containing ethambutol or rifampicin were compared. Patients in both groups were randomized selected. After 4 months of chemotherapy negativization was reached to 100% in the RMP-group compared to 80% of the patients in the EMB-group. In 98 chronics EMB was added to the chemotherapy regimen and resulted in 90% of negativization. In a small subgroup RMP was added to the regimen and 100% negativization could be obtained. Among 220 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis, treated with RMP in 9 hospitals according to our protocoll, in 205 patients (93.2%) the excretion of bacilli was cessated. In 54 new cases treated with EMB and another combination and in 20 new cases treated additionally with RMP the sputum converted to negative in 100% of the patients. But the the negativization was reached 24 days earlier on the average in the group treated with RMP. Antituberculotic drugs are administered in our clinic according to the body weight.
Chronic Disease↗
Efficacy and limitations of a specific immunotherapy in chronic hepatitis B.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and potential side effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination as active immunotherapy in HBV-related chronic hepatitis. METHODS: The 118 included patients were 'naive' subjects who had never received any previous anti-HBV therapy, showed detectable serum HBV DNA and had biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis. In a 12-month follow-up they were given either five intramuscular injections of 20 microg of a preS2/S (GenHevac B, Pasteur-Mérieux) (n = 46) or an S vaccine (Recombivax Merck & Co.) (n = 34) or no treatment as a control (n = 37). The efficacy of vaccination was evaluated by testing for serum HBV DNA negativation using a standard liquid hybridization assay. RESULTS: Three months after the first three vaccine injections, the percentage of serum HBV DNA negativation was higher in the vaccine groups (16.3%) than in the control group (2.7%) (P = 0.033, by the chi2 Pearson test) and was more frequently observed in patients who had pretreatment viremia >200 pg/ml (none in the control group vs. 16.7% in the vaccinated groups) (P = 0.025). After 12 months follow-up and five vaccine injections, there was no difference in the rate of serum HBV DNA negativation between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects but HBV vaccines significantly decreased the HBV viral load between the sixth and twelfth months (P = 0.04) in contrast with the control group. The rate of HBe/anti-HBe seroconversion after 6 months of follow-up occurred only in eight (13.3%) vaccinated patients and in one (3.6%) of the controls. Disappearance of serum HBsAg was not observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: This controlled study offers direct evidence that the HBV vaccine may decrease HBV replication in chronic hepatitis B patients. It also emphasizes the need for reinforced immunization strategies as well as combination therapies.
Adult↗
Variations in psychosocial functioning associated with patterns of progression in cocaine-dependent men.
This study examined the relationship between patterns of progression of cocaine use and psychosocial functioning in a sample of cocaine-dependent men who were veterans. Four patterns of progression were examined: mild-severe, moderate-severe, mild-moderate-severe, and severe only. Analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with Duncan grouping revealed significant differences among cocaine users with different patterns of progression in terms of negativism, problem index for situations involving unpleasant emotions, problem index for situations involving urges, depression, somatic anxiety, and medical problems in the family. However, there were no significant differences on sensation seeking, confidence to resist taking cocaine in different situations, obsessive compulsiveness, somatization, attention deficit, and social adjustment. Cocaine users with a severe-only pattern of progression were significantly more dysfunctional than those with mild-moderate-severe progression in terms of negativism, problem index for situations involving unpleasant emotions, depression, and somatic anxiety. Cocaine users with mild-moderate-severe progression had significantly less somatic anxiety than those with mild-severe progression and had less negativism and a lower problem index for urges than those with moderate-severe progression. Logistic regression analysis revealed unique behavioral variables associated with different patterns of progression. The implications of these findings for treatment are discussed.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The thrall of the negative and how to analyze it.
From clinical material of patient-analyst pairs caught up in negativistic transference-countertransference enmeshment, the defensive functions of negativism are explored for both patient and analyst. Fascination with and dread of the negative intersect as patients struggle to avoid terrifying aspects of self and other. The analyst works to avoid being trapped in negativism within the dyad. Containing, metabolizing, and transforming the dyad's mutual destructiveness and mutual love enable analyst and patient to feel safer with both. How to play with the negative, to engage the patient in play at the intersection of destructive negativism and dangerous love, is described.
Affect↗
Metamotivational dominance and use of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents.
This study investigated differences in metamotivational dominance among adolescents who engaged in different amounts of substance use, specifically, whether students who labeled themselves as 'heavy' alcohol consumers or cigarette smokers would be more Paratelic and Negativism Dominant than those who labeled themselves 'nondrinkers' or 'nonsmokers'. 93 secondary school students (Years 9 and 10) participated in the study (68 boys, 25 girls). One-way analyses of variance indicated self-labeled heavy drinkers scored significantly more Paratelic Dominant than nondrinkers, while heavy smokers scored significantly more Paratelic and Negativism Dominant than nonsmokers. Paratelic Dominant adolescents who reported engaging in heavy smoking may have done so because smoking is defined by society as a risky behaviour and so provides arousal. Education and preventive programs that focus on health hazards of smoking may, in fact, increase the likelihood of this behaviour by both individuals who score Paratelic and Negativism Dominant.
Adolescent↗
[Prognostic factors of survival without clinical recurrences in medullary thyroid carcinoma: apropos of 52 operated cases].
The aim of this retrospective study on 52 operated medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) was to assess clinical and biochemical factors influencing survival without clinical recidive. There were 52% of familial cases. Mean age was 44 years (3 to 78 years) with 58% of women. The diagnostic was made prostoperatively in 38% of case (nodular specimen), when it was strongly suspected for 50% of patients before intervention (familial context, and/or preoperative Calcitonin (CT) levels, and/or mutation). The medial survival rate was 54 month (3 to 360 month). The absence of postoperative negativation of the CT (between 1 to 3 month) was meeting in 43% of case. Twenty one patients (42%) had presented one or several clinical relapse. At the end of the study, five patients were died in a postoperative time-limit of 22 to 110 month. The different parameters studed were: the sex, the age, the tumoral stage, the familial cases, the tum-oral size, the calcitonin levels normalisation in the three month postoperatively, and the local nodes extent. The 5-year survival rate was 90%, and the 10-year survival was 80%. The familial cases had a better pronostic than the sporadic (no death in the familial group versus 80% of 5-year survival rate in the sporadic cases). In univariate analysis, the good survival-factors without clinical recidive were: the stage I or II (p < 0,0001), the female sex (p = 0,02), the tumoral size under 10 mm (p < 0,02), the postoperative negativation of CT levels (p < 0, 0002), and the absence of cervical node extent (p < 0,0005). In multivariate analysis, only the postoperative negativation of CT-levels was a good survival-factor without clinical relapse (p < 0, 001).
Adolescent↗
[Parameters of organ-specific and non-specific autoimmunity in patients with Basedow's disease and Basedow's ophthalmopathy. Changes induced by IVIG treatment].
The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations of thyroid autoantibodies titre in a group of 15 patients affected with "Graves' disease" (G. D.) during the treatment with antithyroid drug (ATD) and "high dose intravenous immunoglobulin" (IVIG) for "Graves' ophthalmopathy". Before the starting of treatment thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were positive in 10/15 patients, microsomal antibodies (MAb) were positive in 13/15 patients and TRAb were positive in 5/9 patients. At the end of treatment TgAb titre was decreased or negative in 7/10 patients, MAb titre was decreased or negative in 7/13 patients, TRAb titre was diminished or negativized in 5/5 patients. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) were positive in 3/15 and 3/15 patients before the treatment and in all these we observed a reduction or negativization of circulating titre during IVIG treatment. Anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA)m anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and rheumatoid factors were negative in all the patients. Also in the 3 patients not treated with ATD we have observed a reduction or a negativization of circulating thyroid autoantibodies. In conclusion these data suggest that the reduction of thyroid and non organ specific autoantibodies might be due to a stable immunosuppressive action of IVIG treatment in patients with Graves' disease.
Autoantibodies↗
[Inspiratory phase angle behavior in oscilloresistometry].
Oscillatory measurement of resistance can get more practical relevance including the phase angle (PSI) and the volume dependence. Different findings during deep inspiration in patients with pulmonary emphysema (PSI unchanged) and with pulmonary fibrosis (PSI-Negativation) are known. To explain these findings transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) was measured parallel to PSI in 85 subjects. PSI-negativation was found in 31 of 43 patients with pulmonary fibrosis and in 10 of 19 healthy subjects. Patients with pulmonary emphysema have nearly constant or slight positive phase angles. Subjects with negativation of phase angle have significantly higher Ptp-levels at 100% TLC. This high pressure is reached by an in comparison to volume overproportional increase of pressure in the end part of the lung expansion curve. It is proposed to estimate the PSI-V-dependence in ranges from middle level of breathing to 75% of vital capacity VC and from 75% to 100% VC separately. By this modification the qualitative noninvasive assessment of lung compliance could be more efficient. Several findings indicate, that the observed secondary periodic of PSI are dependent from heart rhythm and therefore from intrathoracic blood volume.
Adult↗
[Seroepidemiologic evaluation of malaria in Mayotte (Comoro archipelago) 1984-1988].
In the context of a research programme on the immunology of malaria in the islands of the south-west of the Indian Ocean, seroepidemiological studies by means of sampling surveys have been carried out annually in Mayotte Island (Comoro Archipelago) from 1984 to 1988. Apart from the transient character of the increases in rates in the wake of the epidemic outbreak of 1984, the evolution of the antibody geometric mean reciprocal titre (GMRT) by age reveals a negativation of population at large, fast only in the younger age-group. At such a high level of negativation, the GMRT does not lend itself to interpretation. In the older age-groups the negativation becomes so slow as to render a yearly periodicity too short to show differences. The correlation between GMRT and age that persisted over the five-year period suggests that the evolution of the rates according to age follows a predetermined model. The epidemiological interpretation of purely serological data, except for a general indication of the trend, is however difficult, specially in an archipelago where the levels of malaria transmission are not the same in the different islands, but where inter-island migration is quite important.
Adolescent↗
[Redox potential of the gastrointestinal tract of swine of different ages].
The redox potential (ROP) was found to undergo negativation in all gastro-intestinal sections of piglets, from the time of birth to the age of three days. Negativation was relatively low in the small intestine, but it accounted for more than 300 mV in stomach and colon. ROP values recorded from stomach and rectum of weaned piglets were more negative with significance than those established from animals before weaning. ROP, as an important environmental factor in the gastro-intestinal tract, did not undergo significant change due to weaning which might support any conclusion as to pathogenesis of coli-enterotoxaemia, in spite of the implied change of feeding and keeping conditions. ROP in store pigs was found to be more or less one and the same, except for more positive values in the proximal jejunum, with most negative values being recordable from the stomach. Progressing age was found to be accompanied by sizeable ROP change in the gastro-intestinal tract of swine. ROP values in the distal jejunum and ileum of sows were more negative with significance than those recorded from store pigs, but values were more positive in the colonic cone and rectum. Unambiguous ROP negativation in the proximal and distal jejunum and ileum as well as in the gastro-intestinal tract of sows was accompanied only by moderate rise in overall anaerobic germ count. ROP values recorded from the colonic cone and rectum, where highest germ counts were detectable, were more positive than those recorded from any other intestinal section. Hence, gastro-intestinal ROP of sows is, probably, not controlled by metabolism of the germ flora.
Aging↗
[Long-term evolution of immunologic and thyroid function in Graves disease according different therapeutic options].
BACKGROUND: A prospective study was carried out to compare the evolution of thyroid hormones, thyroglobulin (Tg) and immunoglobulins inhibiting the binding of thyrotropin to its receptor (TBII) in patients with Graves disease treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine and subtotal thyroidectomy. METHODS: Ninety-five patients with Graves disease were studied, being distributed according to clinical criteria: Group I (n = 35) patients treated with antithyroid drugs; Group II (n = 30) patients who received 131I; and Group III (n = 30) patients treated with subtotal thyroidectomy. The thyroid hormones, Tg, antithyroglobulin antibodies and TBII were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), prior to treatment, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of follow up, except in those patients from Group III who were followed up to 24 months. RESULTS: The rate of reactivation at 12 months did not significantly differ among the three groups. At 24 months a higher percentage of reactivations was observed in Group I (42%), versus Group II (16%, p < 0.001) and Group III (13%, p < 0.005). At 36 months reactivation was 30% in Group I, versus 5% in Group II (p < 0.01). Upon comparison of the TBII values among the three groups, the highest basal values corresponded to Group III with significant differences being found versus Group I (p < 0.05) and Group II (p < 0.001). TBII concentrations in the three groups studied remained high at 6 and 12 months with no significant differences being observed. Negativization was shown in the TBII at 24 months in Group II with a significant difference being seen versus Group I and III. At 36 months negativization was seen in the TBII in Group I with significant differences with respect to Group II. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of reactivation following antithyroid treatment is greater to that obtained in groups treated with iodine or surgery. The earliest negativization of TBII was obtained with radioiodine.
Adolescent↗
A hierarchical analysis of patterns of noncompliance in autistic and behavior-disturbed children.
A reanalysis of data from an experimental study of autistic negativism is presented. Subjects were autistic, behavior-disturbed, or normal and ranged in age from 5 to 12 years. There were nine subjects per group. Experimental conditions consisted of a verbal request for a verbal response, a nonverbal request for a nonverbal response, and a verbal request for a nonverbal response. Data were reanalyzed by dichotomizing subjects as either compliant or noncompliant on the basis of the number of correct responses; scalogram analysis was then performed on the dichotomized data. The children's responses to the messages formed a cumulative, unidimensional hierarchy based on the individual patterns of responses, with verbal requests for verbal responses eliciting the least compliance and verbal requests for nonverbal responses the most. Implications of the hierarchy for a developmental theory of autistic negativism and the relationship of task demands to compliance are discussed.
Autistic Disorder↗
Infant temperament and noncompliant behavior at four years: a longitudinal study.
Noncompliant behavior in early childhood (i.e., exaggerated, but age-appropriate negativism) has been inadequately studied. This longitudinal study explores preschool temperament and maternal behavior as current correlates of negativistic behavior at age 4, and early maternal characteristics and infant temperament as etiological variables in the production of negativism. Longitudinal evidence was collected from 62 mother-child dyads, representative of all social classes. This evidence included home observations of maternal and child behavior at 4 years, a temperament questionnaire at 4 years, a questionnaire about infant temperament, and observational and interview measures at various stages from birth to 3 years, of infant behavior and maternal characteristics. The findings suggest that infant and childhood temperament (especially the degree of infant fussiness) are highly predictive of physical noncompliance, and that physical noncompliance is unrelated to maternal or demographic variables. A combination of maternal variables including warmth, closeness, and verbal directiveness, both positive and negative, as well as child variables, predict verbal noncompliance. Demographic variables, temperament, and maternal attitudes predict passive noncompliance. Noncompliance is viewed as a complex phenomenon in which constitutional and environmental variables interact.
Child Behavior Disorders↗