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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Risk factors associated with herd-level exposure of cattle in Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota to bluetongue virus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate herd-level risk factors for seropositive status of cattle to 1 or more bluetongue viruses. ANIMALS: 110 herds of cattle in Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. PROCEDURE: Blood samples were collected before and after the vector season. Samples were tested for antibodies against bluetongue virus by use of a commercially available competitive ELISA. Factors evaluated included descriptors of geographic location and management practices. Trapping of insect vectors was conducted to evaluate vector status on a subset of 57 operations. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate associations. RESULTS: For the full data set, altitude and latitude were associated with risk of having seropositive cattle (an increase in altitude was associated with an increase in risk, and a more northerly location was associated with a decrease in risk of a premise having seropositive cattle). Import of cattle from selected states was associated with an increase in risk of having seropositive cattle. From the subset of herds with data on vector trapping, altitude and latitude were associated with risk of having seropositive cattle, similar to that for the full model. However, commingling with cattle from other herds was associated with a decrease in risk of seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings reported here may be useful in generating additional hypotheses regarding the ecologic characteristics of bluetongue viruses and other vector-borne diseases of livestock. Sentinel surveillance programs are useful for documenting regionalization zones for diseases, which can be beneficial when securing international markets for animals and animal products.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Probable epizootic chlamydiosis in wild California (Larus californicus) and ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) gulls in North Dakota.

During the summer of 1986, more than 400 California gulls (Larus californicus) and ring-billed gulls (Larvus delawarensis), primarily fledglings, died on an island in Lake Sakakawea near New Town, North Dakota (USA). Mortality was attributed largely to chlamydiosis. Necropsy findings in nine carcasses included splenomegaly (n = 9), hepatomegaly (n = 4), and pericarditis (n = 1). Livers from three California gulls and two ring-billed gulls, and spleens from the same five birds plus a third ring-billed gull were positive for Chlamydia psittaci by the direct immunofluorescence test. Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from separate pools of liver and spleen from one California gull and one ring-billed gull. This is believed to be the first record of epizootic chlamydiosis in gulls and the second report of epizootic chlamydial mortality in wild birds in North America.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

How breast cancer treatment decisions are made by women in North Dakota.

BACKGROUND: Although equally effective, women in rural midwestern states choose modified radical mastectomy (MRM) over breast conservation surgery for early stage breast cancer. This study assessed treatment decisions by the women of North Dakota. METHODS: Surveys were sent to women treated for early stage breast cancer from 1990 through 1992. Separate surveys were sent out to surgeons in the state. The questions assessed physician and patient perceptions of treatment and the decision making process. RESULTS: A majority of surgeons believed that the long-term and disease-free survival was equal and that the preference for choosing MRM was due mostly to inconvenience of radiotherapy. The women reported that the surgeon was the most influential in the treatment decision and that concerns over radiation, duration of treatment, and travel restrictions all were factors in the decision. CONCLUSIONS: Education of surgeons and patients plus the early involvement of the radiation oncologist in discussing options is essential in the treatment of early stage breast cancer.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tourette disorder in North Dakota.

This paper describes the symptom profiles of a large group of patients with Gilles de la Tourette disorder (TD). In Part one we report the results of a questionnaire study of patients in North Dakota with TD. The data suggest that TD patients have high rates of academic and social problems. Obsessive-compulsive symptomatology is quite high in this population. This report is unique in that these results are reported using an available data base to allow for pooling of future research in TD patients in other settings. In Part two of this paper we discuss important findings from our clinic population of 130 TD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A flood-related outbreak of carbon monoxide poisoning--Grand Forks, North Dakota.

Post-disaster carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a growing problem in the United States. This study describes a documented outbreak of CO poisoning associated with flooding. Health department staff investigated cases of CO poisoning following the severe flood of 1997 in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Thirty-three laboratory-confirmed cases were identified, involving 18 separate incidents. Patients ranged in age from 7 to 67 years, and most were men. One patient lost consciousness and was admitted to the hospital; all others were released after receiving supplemental oxygen. Every incident involved gasoline-powered pressure washers being used in basements. Five incidents among professional cleaners accounted for 16 cases; the remaining incidents involved noncommercial use. Thirty patients, from 15 incidents, reported the basement was ventilated while the pressure washer was in use. CO poisoning must be considered a potential hazard after major floods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Job satisfaction and retention of rural community health nurses in North Dakota.

A correlation between job satisfaction and employment longevity has been demonstrated by a number of researchers. However, the measurable aspects of job satisfaction only partially explain an individual's tenure at a particular job. Information about the relationship between job satisfaction and retention of community health nurses in a rural state was provided by 258 community health nurses in North Dakota who responded to a mailed questionnaire. Job satisfaction assessment included measures of autonomy, task requirements, salary, benefits, rewards, professional status, organizational climate, and interpersonal interactions. Job satisfaction was analyzed by taking into account the individual importance of each component. While the majority (61%) of the responding nurses indicated that they expected to stay in their current jobs for a period of five years or more, they were dissatisfied with various aspects of their jobs. The greatest factor influencing the nurses' choice of current position was job availability, followed by preferences for the particular health care agencies or communities. These findings indicate that retention of rural nurses should focus on strategies that go beyond improving job satisfaction.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

West Nile virus antibody prevalence in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) from North Dakota, USA (2003-2004).

This study was designed to explore the role that red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) may have played in disseminating West Nile virus (WNV) across the United States. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays designed to detect WNV antibodies in avian species we were able to determine the WNV antibody prevalence in a cohort of red-winged blackbirds in central North Dakota in 2003 and 2004. The peak WNV antibody prevalence was 22.0% in August of 2003 and 18.3% in July of 2004. The results of this study suggest that red-winged blackbird migratory populations may be an important viral dispersal mechanism with the ability to spread arboviruses such as WNV across the United States.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Agricultural and recreational impacts of the conservation reserve program in rural North Dakota, USA.

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), created in 1985, provides conservation benefits and agricultural supply control through voluntary, long-term retirement of crop land. While the effects of the CRP on the agricultural sector are well understood, the implications of its conservation benefits for rural economies remain largely undocumented. To quantify the effects on rural economies, this study addressed the net economic effects of decreased agricultural activity and increased recreational activity associated with the CRP in six rural areas of North Dakota from 1996 to 2000. Based on the level of economic activity that would have occurred in the absence of the program, net revenues from CRP land if returned to agricultural production in the six study areas were estimated at $50.2 million annually or $37 per acre of land currently enrolled in the CRP. Recreational (hunting) revenues as a result of the CRP in the study areas were estimated at $12.8 million annually or $9.45 per CRP-acre. The net economic effect of the CRP (lost agricultural revenues and gains in recreational expenditures) indicated that several areas of the state are not as economically burdened by the CRP as previous research has suggested. In addition, the net economic effects of the program would appear more favourable if revenues from all CRP-based recreation were included. The degree that recreational revenues offset agricultural losses might be further enhanced by enterprises that capitalize on the economic opportunities associated with expanded recreational activities on CRP lands.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Communicating the risks of bioterrorism and other emergencies in a diverse society: a case study of special populations in North Dakota.

In the event that terrorists use air, water, or food to deliver destructive agents to civilian populations, some groups and populations may be disproportionately at risk and have unique communications needs. Bioterrorism represents an even greater national public health threat if the nation's preparedness and readiness plans do not address the needs and perspectives of, for example, low-income residents, racially and ethnically diverse communities, and other "special populations". The objective of this study was to develop communications strategies to reach special populations in North Dakota before, during, and after a bioterrorism attack or other crisis. To achieve the study objectives, the investigators used telephone interviews and telephone focus groups with organizations that represented special populations. Areas of inquiry included attitudes and concerns about crises, sources of information used and those identified as most credible, methods to reach people during a crisis event, and awareness of and attitudes about the agencies and organizations that affect risk communications.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Detection of QTL linked to Fusarium head blight resistance in Sumai 3-derived North Dakota bread wheat lines.

During the past decade Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe has resulted in severe grain yield and quality losses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Northern Great Plains of the U.S. Given the complexity of breeding for FHB resistance, molecular markers associated with this trait will be valuable in accelerating efforts to breed resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance in wheat using a set of lines obtained by several cycles of crossing to North Dakota adapted genotypes, which derived their resistance from cv. Sumai 3. Microsatellite markers spanning the wheat genome were used to screen parents and derived lines. Polymorphisms for parental alleles were compared to disease scores for Type II resistance. The probability of linkage between markers and introgressed resistance genes was calculated using a binomial probability formula based on the assumption that a molecular marker at a specific distance from the introgressed gene, in a near-isogenic line (NIL), will carry the donor-parent allele as a function of the distance between marker and gene and the number of backcrosses/selfs performed in deriving the NIL. Microsatellite loci Xgwm533 and Xgwm274 were significantly associated with QTL for FHB resistance.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2000

16-year trends in elements of lichens at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota.

An epiphytic lichen and a soil lichen in two very closely related genera (Parmelia sulcata and Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa, respectively) were sampled 16 years apart at Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota and measured for their elemental content. Mercury and cadmium decreased approximately 30% over the time period in both species. Sulfur decreased 8% in the epiphytic species, but increased 20% in the soil lichen. Factor analysis revealed that soil elements were higher in the soil lichen, indicating there was some soil contamination in that species. A relationship between iron and titanium was found only in the soil lichen. Sulfur and mercury were highly enriched in both species relative to the soil, which suggests that the atmosphere is a contributing source of these elements. New baseline values were calculated, 22 elements for both species, although it is not recommended that the soil lichen be sampled in the future.

Environmental Monitoring↗