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PubMed1975

[Nocardia pellegrini: III. An attempt of phage typing(author's transl)].

The typing of Nocardia pellegrini with different Nocardia-phages was studied. The investigation included 25 Nocardia pellegrini strains, 19 strains of different Nocardia species and also strains of different species of mycobacteria. It could be stated that phages typical for Nocardia pellegrini were also active against other fast fragmentating Nocardia species, such as Nocardia corallina or Nocardia rubra. However, they did not attack Nocardia asteroides or strains of mycobacteria. Phages typical for mycobacteria or for Nocardia asteroides did not lysate the fast fragmentating nocardia (Table 1 and 2). Mutants of one Nocardia pellegrini phage could be isolated which showed a broader host range than the parent phage (Table 1 and 2). Some lysogenic strains of Nocardia pellegrini with a changed phage sensitivity could be isolated after action of the phages (Table 3). The taxonomical position of Nocardia pellegrini and Nocardia rubra is discussed.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed2002

Nocardia infection in lung transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Nocardia is responsible for infection in both normal and immunocompromised hosts. Organ transplant recipients are increasingly recognized as a sub-group of immunocompromised patients in whom nocardia is an important pathogen. The frequency of nocardia in organ transplant recipients varies between 0.7% and 3%. Nocardia infection has largely been reported in heart, kidney and liver transplant recipients. Presentations of nocardia in lung transplant recipients have been restricted primarily to case reports. The present study reviews the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of nocardia infection in lung transplant recipients at our institution. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 473 lung transplant recipients from January 1991 to November 2000 was done at a university hospital. Patient demographics, immunosuppressive regimen at the time of isolation of nocardia species, use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, rejection episodes in the preceding 6 months, concurrent pathogens, site of infection, radiologic findings and treatment and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Nocardia infection was found in 2.1% (10 of 473) of our lung transplant recipients. Median time of onset was 34.1 months after transplantation. Nocardia species included N farcinica in 30% (3 of 10), N nova in 30% (3 of 10), N asteroides complex in 30% (3 of 10) and N brasiliensis in 10% (1 of 10) of patients. Post-transplant diabetes was present in 50% (5 of 10) of patients. The primary indication for lung transplantation was emphysema in 40% (4 of 10). Native lung involvement was noted in 75% (3 of 4) of patients with single lung transplant. Breakthrough nocardia infection were noted in 6 patients who were receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for P carinii pneumonia; all breakthrough isolates remained susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Overall mortality was 40% (4 of 10). All patients (3 of 3) with infection due to N farcinica, except 1 (1 of 7) with infection due to other nocardia species, died. Seventy-five percent (3 of 4) of deaths were attributable to nocardia infection. CONCLUSIONS: Nocardia infection tended to involve the native lung in single lung transplant recipients. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for P carinii prophylaxis at the doses given was not protective against nocardiosis in these patients. Infection with N farcinica was associated with poor outcome. Thus, species identification and extended courses of antibiotics based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important in management of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Numerical classification of some named strains of Nocardia asteroides and related isolates from soil.

One hundred and forty-nine strains of nocardiae, freshly isolated from soil samples obtained from a number of countries with either tropical or temperate climates, and from rubber pipe seals, were compared with appropriate marker cultures in a numerical phenetic study using 156 unit characters. Marker strains were chosen to represent the Nocardia asteroides complex, other Nocardia species and related taxa in an effort both to classify the new soil isolates and, possibly, clarify the structure of the heterogeneous N. asteroides complex. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM) and pattern (DP) coefficients, and clustering was achieved using both single and average linkage algorithms. Cluster composition was not markedly affected by either of the coefficients or clustering methods. The estimated test error of 7.1% was rather high and could account for a few apparently anomalous results. The 16 defined clusters, containing 185 of the 197 strains studied, were divided into seven major and nine minor clusters, four of which were further subdivided into two subclusters. Marker strains allowed four clusters to be designated as N. asteroides, seven as Nocardia species and one each as Nocardia carnea, Nocardia farcinica, Nocardia autotrophica, Mycobacterium farcinogenes and Rhodococcus species. Twelve strains formed single member clusters including the type strains of Nocardia aerocolonigenes, Nocardia amarae, Nocardia fukuyae, Nocardia orientalis and Nocardia otitidis-caviarum. The majority of the soil and rubber isolates were recovered in the major clusters labelled N. asteroides, N. carnea and Nocardia species and clusters of soil isolates without marker strains seem to represent new centres of variation. The study highlights the need for additional reproducible tests to help both define and determine the status of defined clusters within the N. asteroides complex which would considerably benefit both the ecological and epidemiological study of these organisms.

Nocardia asteroides↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia arthritidis sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan.

Two different bacterial strains with different drug susceptibilities were isolated from the sputum and an inflammatory discharge from a swelling in the left thigh of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Both bacterial strains were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia on the basis of their morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and were further studied in order to establish their taxonomic status. One strain (IFM 10034) was identified as Nocardia farcinica on the basis of its physiological characteristics. The other strain, which was designated Nocardia sp. strain IFM 10035(T), revealed a unique pattern of phenotypic properties that distinguished it from other representatives of established Nocardia species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies of Nocardia sp. strain IFM 10035(T) also showed that the bacterium was closely related to the species Nocardia beijingensis. Determination of DNA-DNA relatedness, however, indicated that Nocardia sp. strain IFM 10035(T) could be delineated from N. beijingensis. The genotypic and phenotypic data combined indicated that the bacterium merits description as a new Nocardia species. The name proposed for the new species is Nocardia arthritidis sp. nov., the type strain being IFM 10035(T) (NBRC 100137(T), JCM 12120(T), DSM44731(T)). The present study suggests that Nocardia infections can be caused by multiple species of the bacterium.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia tenerifensis sp. nov.

A Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium (GW39-1573(T)) was isolated from soil of the Spanish island of Tenerife. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain GW39-1573(T) belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to Nocardia brasiliensis (98.0 %), Nocardia beijingensis (97.3 %), Nocardia transvalensis (97.5 %), Nocardia asteroides (97.2 %) and Nocardia farcinica (97.0 %). Strain GW39-1573(T) could be distinguished from all other validly described Nocardia species by sequence similarity values of less than 97 %. Chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-8(H(4, omega-cycl)); major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid; major fatty acids: C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)omega9c and 10 methyl C(16 : 0)] and the presence of mycolic acids supported the affiliation of strain GW39-1573(T) to the genus NOCARDIA: The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain GW39-1573(T) from those related species that showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of greater than 97 %. Strain GW39-1573(T) merits species status, and the name Nocardia tenerifensis is proposed with the type strain GW39-1573(T) (=DSM 44704(T)=CIP 107929(T)).

DNA, Bacterial↗