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PubMed1986

Diagnostic pattern for neuroses in China, Japan, and the United States.

To investigate the diagnostic patterns for neuroses in China, Japan, and the United States, the authors showed videotapes and brief written case histories of six Chinese patients to psychiatrists and psychiatrists-in-training in Beijing, Tokyo, and Honolulu. In cases with a well-distinguished clinical picture the diagnoses were congruent in the three countries. Diagnostic disagreement occurred in cases with symptoms of decline in mental function, which were overwhelmingly diagnosed as neurasthenia by the Chinese clinicians, and cases with situational stress, which were diagnosed as adjustment reaction by the Americans. This illustrates that different professional concepts and classification systems are used in different countries.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1976

[Definition and classification of neuroses].

The content of the concept of neurosis has been subject to repeated change in the course of scientific development, the collective term being still used to describe etiopathogenetically different disease pictures. Leading G.D.R. psychotherapists, in the interest of mutual understanding, have decided to narrow down the term "neurosis" and use it only to describe biographically derivable and psychoreactively produced and sustained disorders of the person-environment relation, thus acting in conformity with the present state of knowledge and following a recent international trend. Neuroses may, in principle, be classified according to different aspects. For the classification of individual forms of neurosis the author and his associates decided to select, as primary criteria, the main etiological factors believed to be chiefly responsible for the actual disease picture, and this was done under etiopathogenetic and at the same time diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Accordingly, a distinction is drawn between the following four forms, of which two are in group 1 and two in group 2. 1. Neurotic reactions in the two subforms; affective reactions producing enduring effects; functionally fixed reactions; and 2. Neurotic developments in the form of primary and secondary maldevelopments. The above four forms of neurosis were exactly defined operationally, and they are, in general, easily distinguishable diagnostically, differ to a large extent in both course and prognosis, and require different therapeutic approaches.

Germany, East↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Character neuroses and behavioural disorders in children: their treatment with pipamperone (Dipiperon). A clinical study.

Dipiperon drops 30-180 mg/day were given for eight weeks to 29 children with character neuroses and behavioural disorders. A 16-item rating-scale covering several features of behaviour disorder was completed by a psychologist and a teacher independent from each other. The individual number of pathological scores showed a decrease already within the first treatment week and a further decrease by the end of the trial, especially for the items of capriciousness, obstinacy, irritability and restlessness. The therapeutic benefit was not accompanied by an adverse effect on the school performance of the children. No side-effects were reported or observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The typology of personalities suffering hysterical neuroses and hysterical psychopathies].

The paper deals with a study of 142 patients with hysterical neuroses and 92 with hysterical psychopathy. The personality typology was studied in 2 aspects: intrapersonal and interpersonal. In analyzing the main variants of the premorbid personality with hysterical neurosis special attention was paid to the role of accentuating separate hysterical signs. It is shown that there may be a transition of protracted hysterical reactions into hysterical psychogenic personality development. In analyzing hysterical psychopaths the author studied the correlation of constitutional-biological and social factors and describes the main variants of the personality structure among the "nuclear" and "boderline" psychopaths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Development of neuroses].

In internal medicine neuroses are emphasized by physical symptomatology. In the contest with the environment the psychic reaction is a regulator for the motor and vegetative conditions of action. However, the vegetative emotional reactions take place autonomously according to the laws of the instinct behaviour, whereas the motor emotional reaction is oppressed and a voluntary motor action regulated by thinking is substituted. The coordination disturbance can reach the value of a disease. Hereby in detail organic dispositions, environmental damages, wrong programmations of the behaviour in form of reflex and primarily psychic faulty developments play a role as well as secondary defective psychic developments by advantage through disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis of neuroses].

After exclusion of organic findings a neurosis must be diagnosed positively, whereby the temporary connection between load and symptom is insufficient and a symptom-specific connection is scarcely to be established so that the positive diagnosis of neurosis must establish the proof of a dynamic connection between a biographic situation and the appearance of a symptom. From this principles the possibility of a simple short exploration for the specialist of different disciplines is derived, whereby it is particularly referred to the possibilities of screening tests (questionnaire of complaints, questionnaire of behaviour) of Höck and Hess. Finally, it is referred to the favourable possibilities which exist for the specialist of different disciplines for getting elementary knowledge in diagnostics and therapy of neuroses.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1975

[Therapy of neuroses].

The therapy of neuroses begins with the creation of a condition of confidence between physician and patient. It is followed by a relevant explanation of pathophysiologic connections, which must effect the removal of anxiety in the patient. A common task leads to the proper process. The use of the various therapeutic methods, which are differed as centered to symptoms and centered to personality above all depends on the degree of severity of the neurosis. Results from the two groups of treatment are reported. The use of autogenic training in bronchial asthma, estimated according to the changes of the maximum expiration speed and the maximum breathing capacity, as an example of a symptom-centered method. As an example of a personality-centered treatment it is reported on a complex group psychotherapy in cases of chronic ulcerative colitis in an in-patient department, estimated according to the frequency of relapses and to the capability to work before and after psychotherapy.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Brain activation levels and the significance of the stage B(I) indices in neuroses].

Two forms of neuroses--neurasthenia and hysteria--show statistically definitive differences in the EEG patterns. In the initial EEGs of neurasthenic patients, as a rule, more or less marked alpha-rhythm is preserved, whereas the EEG in hysteria in most cases consists of low amplitude fast frequencies ("flat" EEG) and only in 30-35% cases short episodes of alpha-waves can be recorded. In the course of medical treatment the index alpha often increases and the EEG gradually obtains normal features. One of the most favourable signs of convalescence is the renewal of the ability to develop the phase of drowsiness with the stage B in the EEG, during which the outburst of alpha-waves is recorded as a reaction to stimulation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

[The characteristics of the emotional disorders in patients with neuroses].

To study the structure of emotional disorders, 90 neurotic patients were examined. Analysis of the intensity and incidence of different emotions was made with the help of self-estimation cards. It has been established as a result that the structural basis of emotional disorders is formed by primary and secondary negative emotions. Different patterns of neuroses are characterized by specific structural features.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroses and their pathogenesis].

History and current state of the problem of experimental neuroses are reviewed in this article. The presented results of neurochemical, structural, and electroencephalographic investigations unravel earlier unknown aspects of the disease. Thus, circulatory cerebral hypoxia, as a principally new stage discovered for the first time in the development of an experimental neurosis allows the pathogenetically substantiated treatment with antioxidants to be applied in animal experiments and in clinical therapy of neurotic patients.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The age-related characteristics of the organization of brain electrical activity in 7- to 14-year-old schoolchildren with neuroses in different functional states].

By the method of factor analysis characteristics of functional brain states in children and juveniles of different age with neuroses were studied by EEG data. Similarity was established of the patients EEG structure at strained and emotional states. In the studied period of individual development (7-14 years) the most expressed changes of background EEG were observed at the age og 9-12 years. At functional loads, beginning from the age of 9-10, insufficient activity of the frontal region of the left hemisphere was found. The greatest changes of the EEG integral characteristics were observed in patients with vegetative-emotional disturbances and the smallest-at verbal-motor ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The psychopathological structure of paroxysmal psychoautonomic disturbances and its importance for the differential diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of neuroses and depressions].

The psychopathological structure of vegetative paroxysms was studied in different patterns of neuroses (120 cases), endogenous depressions and organic CNS lesions (160 cases). Four types of paroxysms were distinguished depending on the predominance of the definite register of disorders: (1) simple vegetative paroxysms (crises) with the predominance of the vegetative manifestations proper, characteristic for organic CNS lesions and somatogenic; (2) vegetoaffective paroxysms including the vegetative manifestations proper and psychopathological manifestations closely related to the patients' personality and the influence of external factors, characteristic for neurotic disorders; (3) affective-vegetative paroxysms (raptoid conditions) as a unified psychosomatic complex including the protopathic affect of fear, impairment of the general feeling and vegetative functional abnormalities characteristic for MDP and schizophrenia; (4) depersonalization raptuses based on the deranged self-consciousness in the form of different types of depersonalization characteristic primarily for schizophrenia.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Ecclesiogenic neuroses and psychoses in adolescence. On the complicated detachment problems of adolescents from rigorously moralizing, Christian-religious movements.

In the child and adolescent psychiatric department of Bern University Clinic, between 1982 and 1986 42 adolescent male and female patients were admitted for in-patient treatment. 9 of them (21.4%) came from Christian-religious sects. This was all the more surprising as the proportion of marginal Christian-religious groups in the population was 1.4% in the population census in the canton Bern in December 1980. This noticeably over-proportional accumulation was taken as a reason for carrying out an analysis of the case histories. It was shown that the patients from the circles of Christian sects became either obsessive-compulsive neurotically, anorectically or psychotically ill in puberty and that a very strictly moralizing upbringing by the parents was present which led to an aggravation of the relation conflict with the parents in the detachment and separation-process in puberty. By means of three case reports the problem of ecclesiogenic neuroses and ecclesiogenic psychoses in adolescence was gone into and the conclusion was made that the religious conflicts must be given increased attention in the therapeutic dealings with the patients concerned with the inclusion of members of the family and also persons of reference outside the family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Identification and its vicissitudes, as observed in the neuroses.

This paper is an attempt to catalogue the different modes of identification which become manifest in the interaction between analyst and analysand. To this end the author employs a frame of reference suggested by the Kleinian concept of projective identification, focusing particularly on the integration of the projective and introjective moments of the identification with the communications circuit linking the self and the internal and external objects. Clinical material from two cases illustrates the vicissitudes of the processes of internalization and externalization as well as their different identificatory outcomes. The predominant quality of the identification in neuroses is differentiated from the characteristics observed in psychotic states. Finally the quality of identification is assessed in the context of symbolic function quality. A parallel is drawn between the progressive and regressive movements in identification processes, and the evolution or involution of symbol structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Paroxysmal conditions in neuroses].

Sixty-eight patients with paroxysmal conditions of neurotic genesis were examined. The patients' condition was marked by demonstrative (hysterical) attacks and vegetovascular crises (panic attacks). The clinical and psychophysiological analyses were made. The clinical criteria were elaborated for differential diagnosis of vegetative crises in hysterical and obsessive-phobic neuroses. The psychophysiological patterns are provided, characteristic of the whole patients' group with neurotic paroxysms and specific patterns for different types of paroxysms are distinguished.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Psycho-autonomic correlations in patients with neuroses and in persons with risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders].

Psychovegetative correlations were made in 78 patients with neuroses and in 72 normal persons working under the conditions of emotional stress. The characteristics of emotional and vegetative responses have been delineated in patients with the well-defined syndrome of vegetodystonia and in persons working under the conditions at risk for the development of neurotic and vascular disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Internal picture of the disease and its value for psychological diagnosis of neuroses].

The clinical and experimental psychological methods were employed to study the structure and mechanisms of the internal picture of the disease in 305 patients afflicted with neuroses. Four varieties of the internal picture of the disease were outlined depending on the characteristics of the emotional and cognitive aspects of the disease experiencing. Each of these varieties is marked by the originality of the personality mechanisms within the "I" system, neurotic conflict, and psychological defence. The described typology of the internal picture of the disease expands the possibilities of multidimensional diagnosis aimed at differentiated therapy of neurotic patients.

Adult↗