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PubMed1984

Qualitative detection of muramic acid in normal mammalian tissues.

Rat tissues were extracted with 8% trichloroacetic acid, and the products were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and purified. Fluorescamine derivatives were made and subjected to thin-layer chromatography; material with an Rf corresponding to the authentic muramyl derivative was obtained. It was oxidized with periodate, and the resulting formaldehyde was identified fluorimetrically. Alternatively, treatment with base released D-lactate (beta-elimination), which was identified fluorimetrically by reduction of NAD to NADH with D-lactate dehydrogenase. The data indicate that small muramyl compounds, presumably peptides of bacterial origin, are normally present in rat liver, brain, and kidney. The functions of muramyl compounds are suggested by much recent work.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1998

Structure of a muramic acid containing capsular polysaccharide from the pathogenic strain of Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562.

Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from septicemia cases and from the environment show a wide variety of capsular types. In an attempt to find common structural features which can be correlated with pathogenicity and toxicity, we have determined structures of the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) from several pathogenic strains. We report the complete structure of the polysaccharide from the pathogenic V. vulnificus strain ATCC 27562 using a combination of homonuclear and heteronuclear one-dimensional and two dimensional NMR experiments. The 13C and 1H NMR spectra, including the exchangeable amide proton resonances, have been completely assigned. The amide linkage between Ser and C6 of GalA has been unambiguously determined by water-suppressed 2D NOESY. To verify the structure established by NMR, we have fragmented the polymer employing the Smith degradation procedure. The Smith product identified by NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry is consistent with the proposed structure for the CPS, which is composed of D-GlcNAc, MurNAc, D-GalA, L-Rha and is serine-linked as shown: [formula: see text]

Bacteremia↗