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PubMed1997

Multimedia benchmarking analysis for three risk assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS.

This paper is one in a series that describes results of a benchmarking analysis initiated by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). An overview of the study is provided in a companion paper by Laniak et al. presented in this journal issue. The three models used in the study--RESRAD (DOE), MMSOILS (EPA), and MEPAS (DOE)--represent analytically-based tools that are used by the respective agencies for performing human exposure and health risk assessments. Both single media and multimedia benchmarking scenarios were developed and executed. In this paper, the multimedia scenario is examined. That scenario consists of a hypothetical landfill that initially contained uranium-238 and methylene chloride. The multimedia models predict the fate of these contaminants, plus the progeny of uranium-238, through the unsaturated zone, saturated zone, surface water, and atmosphere. Carcinogenic risks are calculated from exposure to the contaminants via multiple pathways. Results of the tests show that differences in model endpoint estimates arise from both differences in the models' mathematical formulations and assumptions related to the implementation of the scenarios.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1999

Developing protein documentaries and other multimedia presentations for molecular biology.

Computer-based multimedia technology for distance learning and research has come of age--the price point is acceptable, domain experts using off-the-shelf software can prepare compelling materials, and the material can be efficiently delivered via the Internet to a large audience. While not presenting any new scientific results, this paper outlines experiences with a variety of commercial and free software tools and the associated protocols we have used to prepare protein documentaries and other multimedia presentations relevant to molecular biology. A protein documentary is defined here as a description of the relationship between structure and function in a single protein or in a related family of proteins. A description using text and images which is further enhanced by the use of sound and interactive graphics. Examples of documentaries prepared to describe cAMP dependent protein kinase, the founding structural member of the protein kinase family for which there is now over 40 structures can be found at http://franklin.burnham-inst.org/rcsb. A variety of other prototype multimedia presentations for molecular biology described in this paper can be found at http://fraklin.burnham-inst.org.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Content preauthoring: preparing medical imaging information for multimedia authoring and quizzing.

Recent advances in multimedia development software and related hardware have given professionals and nonprofessionals tremendous power and flexibility to create multimedia education and training programs. Nevertheless, content organization remains a key and often neglected component of program development. Content preauthoring puts findings, diagnoses, differential diagnoses, and other standard radiologic concepts into a format that fosters logical program layout, centralized remediation, record keeping, decreased data entry, a variety of user levels, easy addition of cases, and linkage to a question-generating program. The goal of content preauthoring is to organize radiologic material into a hierarchical or spreadsheet-based structure that provides a logical basis for software design. By separating content design from software authoring, both processes become more manageable. This approach is applicable to visually oriented topics that focus on identification. The highly structured, goal-oriented nature of the method makes it particularly suitable for newcomers to multimedia authoring.

Authorship↗
PubMed2001

A knowledge-based multimedia telecare system to improve the provision of formal and informal care for the elderly and disabled.

We have developed a knowledge-based multimedia telecare system, based on a multimedia PC connected by ISDN at 128 kbit/s. The user display is a television. Multimedia material is accessed through a browser-based interface. A remote-control handset is used as the main means of interaction, to ensure ease of use and overcome any initial reservations resulting from 'technophobia' on the part of the informal carer. The system was used in 13 family homes and four professional sites in Northern Ireland. The evaluations produced positive comments from the informal carers. There are plans to expand the use of the system.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Assisting maxillofacial surgery by using multimedia VR techniques.

Multimedia and VR technologies are examined as regards their potentiality for medicine, specifically for maxillofacial surgery. The goal is to achieve a surgical procedure of better quality as well as a more interesting way of imparting medical knowledge. Close cooperation with the Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department of the University Hospital Benjamin Franklin (UKBF) ensures the suitability of the material for the user. Doctors give regular feedback on the 3D human-computer interface, graphics and interaction devices because they are crucial for the implementation of multimedia and VR systems in medicine. Before implementing a VR or multimedia application, the technical possibilities should be explored in depth. Therefore, a VR tested for 3D input and output devices has been established at the Technical University of Berlin to assess the advantages and technical restrictions of commercially available and self-made devices. Parts of the VR tested are currently being transferred to the Medical Informatics Department of the UKBF, where the usefulness of various 3D input and output devices for different medical applications in a real clinical environment will be evaluated.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1997

Understanding surgery: multimedia comes to theatre.

Educational technology is well established within Schools of Nursing, however there are few computer based learning packages within the clinical environment. It was felt within the Operating Services Directorate, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, that the development of a multimedia package would enhance and complement existing teaching methods. This paper describes the theory behind the choice of a multimedia presentation and its development within the operating theatres. The package, concentrating on general surgery, has been developed by two experienced theatre nurses and a graphic designer. This has resulted in a structured but flexible, fun package which is relevant to all learners within the operating theatre environment and allied healthcare fields. The feedback obtained from users within the clinical area has reinforced the project team's original feeling that multimedia is a highly appropriate resource for clinical education.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1998

A multimedia database for dermatology.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness (REMPAN) centres have built up the International Computer Database for Radiation Accident Case Histories (ICDREC) to document the treatment of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) patients. Radiation induced skin lesions may cause severe late effects in radiation accident patients. Dermatological multimedia documentation is included into the ICDREC. In particular, retrieval and display of digitised skin photographs and medical reports serves to improve patient care, medical education, and scientific analysis concerning the cutaneous radiation syndrome (CRS). The database has been built up as a client/server system. A particular focus has been set on using commercial off-the-shelf software components. The medical data including the multimedia data are stored in a relational database system. The database can be accessed by inexpensive personal computers in the dermatologist's workplace. Authorised institutions can access the database via the Internet. Retrieval of one skin photograph via local area network (LAN) requires approximately 3 seconds. The current state of the application is illustrated with the skin lesion treatment of a Chernobyl patient. An example is given on how to access the ICDREC from a dermatologist's desktop personal computer. The discussion focuses on the advantages of storing the textual and pictorial data in one central database to be accessed from different care centres and how the results can be generalised for medical multimedia information systems.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1998

Educational benefits and cost savings from an interactive multimedia "best practice".

BACKGROUND: Developing and deploying "clinical practice guidelines" and "best practices" is a major strategic goal of our organization. We developed and evaluated a novel way of educating our colleagues on the office management of shoulder pain, using an interactive multimedia computer program to allow rapid access to user-selected audiovisual educational materials through a simple point and click interface. METHODS: Pre- and post-testing of 30 practicing primary care providers was conducted to assess ability to evaluate and manage patients who present with shoulder pain, and a post-use survey was administered to assess clinician acceptance and confidence, ability to use as a just-in-time tool, and changes in utilization of medical resources. RESULTS: Pre- and post-testing demonstrated that clinicians used this tool to improve their scores in a wide variety of clinical areas including history, physical examination, diagnosis, and management of conditions causing painful shoulder above their scores using textbooks and other traditional educational materials alone. The post-use survey showed outstanding acceptance by clinicians and their reported increased confidence as well as the potential for their increased abilities to translate into significant cost savings through more focused use of radiographic studies, orthopedic consultations, and physical therapy treatments. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that "The Multimedia Reference for Office Management of Shoulder Pain" is an effective and valuable learning resource for practicing clinicians, and demonstrates the potential to use an interactive multimedia tool to augment clinical skills and promote cost effective management of patients with this common clinical problem.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creating an interactive multimedia computer-assisted instruction program.

An interactive multimedia computer-assisted instruction on congenital heart disease was developed to increase nursing students' understanding of congenital heart disease. Computer-assisted instruction, with its ability to incorporate sound, visuals, and interactivity, provides a multimedia and interactive learning environment that enhances the teaching and learning process. Computer-assisted instruction is a cost- and time-effective teaching and learning strategy that can be tailored to the subject and student population. This article presents information regarding the process of developing an interactive multimedia computer-assisted instruction program on congenital heart disease.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1999

Children in Japan and multimedia.

Many parents in Japan today are very concerned and have daily problems with their children over the following kind of issues concerning video games, multimedia, and similar devices. 1) Is children's enthusiasm for video games actually harming their growth (physically or mentally)? 2) Is there any way that video games can help children in the future? For example, will playing these games help children learn to use computers or develop their power of thought? 3) Will excessive enthusiasm for TV games undermine our basic lifestyle? Is the time they spend studying at home or playing outside actually decreasing? 4) Will the methods of communication brought about by computers, pagers, and cellular phones weaken human relations among children? 5) Will being immersed in a virtual world created by computers result in a diminished sense of reality? The causes of this uneasiness may be traced to parents' own anxieties and concerns about the exceedingly rapid growth of the "information society" of today, together with the fact that their children are directly caught up in the deluge of this information and multimedia society. The development of media has coincided with the growth of today's adults, but children are immersed in a media-filled environment from the day they are born. In Japan, there are now children who can play video games before even learning to write. No one can predict what kind of adults these children will grow to be in the future, and it is fair to say that the most parents and children in Japan are being tossed about on the waves of this information explosion. At this international symposium, we hope to hear the many views that are held around the world concerning children and multimedia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Multimedia unplugged: a workshop on learning designs at the neoMuseum, Japan.

In Japan, we have a growing field called 'Information Education,' but people are paying too much attention to computers and the internet. That's why I am proposing unplugging the computer and thinking about the more essential aspects of learning and information design. 'Unplugged' means that technology and multimedia need not be limited to digital forms. Pencil-and-paper and traditional 'by hand' media also have important roles to play. In the Multimedia Unplugged workshop, participants use different forms of expression and media, including paper and styrofoam cubes, freeform construction kits and a wide variety of everyday objects, like bamboo leaves and post-it papers. Through this workshop, participants can understand that each medium has its own constraints and opportunities, and have a change to rethink the roles of multimedia from new perspectives. They can then replug and thus be able to choose appropriate media--digital or physical or both--to express their ideas.

Art↗
PubMed2000

A Web-based, secure, light weight clinical multimedia data capture and display system.

Computer-based patient records are traditionally composed of textual data. Integration of multimedia data has been historically slow. Multimedia data such as image, audio, and video have been traditionally more difficult to handle. An implementation of a clinical system for multimedia data is discussed. The system implementation uses Java, Secure Socket Layer (SSL), and Oracle 8i. The system is on top of the Internet so it is architectural independent, cross-platform, cross-vendor, and secure. Design and implementations issues are discussed.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2000

[The research of a multimedia consultative system for prosthodontics].

OBJECTIVE: To study how to develop the consultative multimedia system for prosthodontics facilitating the communication between the dentists and patients, using multimedia techniques. METHODS: The Founder Author Tools V2.1 was used to develop the consultative system in the Pwin95/98 environment. Many forms (such as the articles, pictures, sound and video) of the prosthodontic knowledge were edited in this system. RESULTS: The consultative multimedia system for prosthodontics was developed, and there were three main parts of the system: (1) the background of medical departments, (2) introductions of the medical specialists (including their photos and working time), (3) introducing the common acknowledge of prosthodontics. CONCLUSION: The visualization of the prosthodontic problems consulted by patients frequently can facilitate the communication between the dentists and patients and spare visit time. This system are welcome by the patients.

Communication↗
PubMed1996

Extending the multimedia patient record across the wide area network.

The Dept. of Veterans Affairs is developing and testing a wide area medical network with multimedia capabilities for coordination and consolidation of medical services across locations. The system is composed of multimedia information systems at individual medical centers connected by a high speed wide area network. The DHCP Imaging System, which has been in clinical use for six years, provides storage management and workstation acquisition and display of the multimedia data. Teleconsulting capability using a variety of mechanisms' is being prototyped and tested to meet medical staffing and consultation needs.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multimedia anatomy and physiology lectures for nursing students.

The use of the multimedia computer and projector can provide the lecturer who teaches anatomy and physiology to nursing students with a very powerful educational tool. The recent explosion in the number of Internet sites has resulted in a huge resource base of illustrations, photos, x-rays, and film clips, which are useful for anatomy and physiology multimedia presentations. These allow nursing students to be instructed in a clear, colorful, and dynamic fashion. This article shows how to put together anatomy and physiology multimedia presentations quickly and easily, and reviews some of the key sites on the Internet that provide resources suitable for lectures to nursing students.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1998

[A multimedia echocardiographic archive].

The widespread diffusion of echocardiography requires to rationalize clinical examination archives; the recent improvement in computer processing speed and the addition of image processing capabilities on standard personal computer by using multimedia technology provide a low-cost solution to improve video digital acquisition and base management. Furthermore, the diffusion of computer networks supports the possibility of sending images in digital format from a work station to another. In this study we describe the setting-up of a system for echocardiographic image acquisition, storage, base management and analysis based on a standard multimedia Macintosh personal computer using readily available not-dedicated software. We tested the overall efficiency of this system in terms of time required to perform hardware and software procedures, storage capacity of the archive and possibility to exchange information with other wire-linked computer work-stations or via modem. This system has proven to require an acceptable time to perform all the procedures showing a high level of connectivity with other standard personal computer work-stations; however, some limitations with regard to time required in sending via modem long movie files need to be pointed out. In conclusion, in our experience new multimedia personal computer could offer to every physician with a minimum informatic knowledge the well known advantages of digital-video, at a reasonable cost.

Archives↗
PubMed1998

[Development of a multimedia CD-ROM series for improving surgical education and continuing education].

In the past 4 years, the computer-based training laboratory of the Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, has developed a multimedia library, the med.LIVE-series. This CD-ROM series contains 5000 multimedia units with information of a uniform structure that comprises 26 CD-ROMs. These modules contribute significantly to the training and education of medical students and doctors. Furthermore, this multimedia library is intended to aid in the development of a database-supported online information system. Authors interested are encouraged to contribute to the series.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1991

A new teaching tool for dental and medical schools: multimedia CD-ROM on dental and skeletal development.

Multimedia teaching tools in Medicine are still very rare. Their presentation on a CD-ROM format is part of the emerging technologies in Medical Informatics. The Multimedia material presented here on Dental and Skeletal Development is mostly a Database and a Tutorial. The Database, which contains more than 2000 hand/wrist radiographs, is mostly intended for Pediatricians, Endocrinologists, Forensic Dentists and Physicians, as well as for Orthodontists and Pedodontists. The material is the result of 20-year of Longitudinal Growth study of children in Montreal. In this Multimedia CD-ROM, the research results are used for Medical teaching purposes.

Bone Development↗